The best tillago is tbat which begins ea...

The best tillago is tbat which begins early in tho season, and whioii keeps the surface stirred nbtil late fmmmer, The first few years tnrn tho land rather cteep with a plcnv at the first spring cnltivatiou. In general, level culture is best. Tbis is secnred by plowing one year to the trees and the following year away i'rom tbem, one year north and sonth and the next year east and west. Jt is somewhat difflcnlt to plow from largo trees, however, and with the cultivatovs or harrows now in uso it is easy to work thosoil away by susbcquent cnltivation, nllowing tho fnrrow to be thrown toward the tree oach spriug, but it is always advisable, upon fairly level ground, to plow tlió oichard in opposite directions in altérnate years. ■ The diffloulty of working close to the (rees has had tho effeot of encouraging too high pruniug. There is a tendency to start tops too high rather than too low, thereby exposing great length o trunk to injuries of svm and wind aiu elevating the top beyond tlie reach o pickers and of sprays. For most tree the ideal length of truuk is under fou fect rather than above it, and imple meiits pow in the market allow of thi lower training. Trees wbiqfa havo low tops or whicl hang low with fruit oan be reached by separaüng tiie halvee of auyof the don ble hairows by nieaiis of a long doublé tree, so that the halves when adjustec run from l'our to six feetfrom eaeh oth er. A cutaway harrow rigged in this way will work away the back furrows from under the trees during tiie season. All onltivatöfs or harrows with high handles, whoels or levers should be d"s cardedif orcbards are worked when the limbs bend low with fruit. This labor oí' workirjg about trees is greatly faeilitated by the nse of harnesseswhich have no metal projections. There should be no harnea with elevated tops, and the turrets on the back pads should be simply leather loops. The back pad itself should be reduced to a single wide strap eutirely rlevoid of wadding. Harnesses of the Sherwood type, with no traces, but drawing by a single chain befrweeu the horses, are excellent in or chards, as they require no whiffletrees. Suoh a harness is illustrated in the Cornell university bulletin on orchards, by Professor L. H. BaiJey.