Statistics Of The Distribution Of The Offices Of The Federal...

The argument of this tract may be thus stntcd. I. The sluveliolding States rule the Union. II. Tliey should nut, for, compared with the Free Srates, 1. They are less in population. 2. They contribuied leá..both in money and military force, to achieve the independence of the States. S. The are Iess int 1 gent. 4. They nre inferior in wea.'th, manufactur. injsj commercial and ngricuUtirnl. It will bc observed tlrat the tut mes oj persons who declincd appoinlments are omiltcd tkronghout. The tables cover the years between March, 1739, and January, 1343.[Southern men have occupied llie Presidential chair41 years and nine monlhs; northern men 12 years nnd one montfc.] 1 The Northern man with Southern principies. In 1240, the Aiabama Legislature resolved, 'That the present administraron of the General Government hy promoting the mterests of the South and guardhig our inslitution, ha won our admiration and secured our support.' Mr Van Buren voted for the posl office gng;(aw. 2 A Virg-inian; every act of his public life ehowed his uttatclimont to the Southern poIicy. In a lotter dated June I, 1840, to John Lyon of Va , he says, 'my friends truly assert that I have done and mflered more lo support Southern rights than any person North of Mason and Dixon'sline.' About.the same limo, the Charleston Mercury, a Democratie paper, said of him, 'He novv stands rechts in cviia wilh the South.' Tablk 2. - Skc rf.taries of Statr. One of the most important functions of the Execuiive Department, is the management of our relations with fereign countries. This is entrusted to the Secretary of State. He instructs all ambassadors, ministers, commissioners and coisuls; treaties which are the supreme law of the land are formed under his supervisión, directed by the President, and ore nol fcubmitted to tlie senate, except for final ratification.(1) During tlie Jast war, some of the skves of our 'Southern brethren' escaped to British vessels on the coast and in the Southern rivers. A Southern administraron insiructcd the commissioners, sent in 1814 to negotiate a treaty of peace, to conclude such treaty without Becuring the Northern interests, Jor the protettion of ïohicJt the war had been ostensibly commenced; but not to do so, unless ?ritain would consent to restore the slaves or make compensatiou for them. 'The negroes taken from Southern Statea ehould be returned to their owners or paid for at their ful. Vílue.' This Btipulation is included 'in theconditions on which you are to insist in the proposed negotiations.' - Letter of instract ion f rom Mr. Monroe, Ja. L8t, 1814. - American State papers, Vol. 9, page S74. (2) June lOth, 18L6, Mr. Clay instructed Mr. Gallatin, our minister to England, to propose a restoralion of slaves escaping froni the West Indies to the United States, if England would reciprócate the tavor by restoring sin ves escaping from the United States to Canada. The proposal was promptly rejected. In 1842, he boasted that his slaves were 'si eek nnd fat.' He prevented the abolition of slavery in Kentucky in 1841. (3) This Southern Secretory considered the settlement of the North Eastern boundary as o matter of eecondury importance, when compared with the claims of Southern mnsters for shipwrecked slaves - tlms freed by the act of God. He sayp, in a letter of instruction in 1836, to our slaveholding embassador in England: - 'The most immediately pressing of the matters with which the United States Legation at London is now charged, is the claim of eertain American citizens ngainst Great Btitain for a number of slaves, the cargoes of three vessels wrecked on British Islands in the Atlantic.' Among hls property, sold at Washington city, after his doath, in Feb., 1843, was a 'MAN of excellent character.' He brought $800. From the nbove notes it oppears that the frec Rcpublic of the United States is a most convenient slave-catcher for the South (4) This gentleman well earned his present office by his pledge lo the South at Richmond, Va., in 1840. 'Thereis,' said Mr. Web ster, 'one perpetual outery in all the administration popers from Baltimore, South, ndmonishing the people of the South, that their own State governments and the property they ho!d under tliem are not secure if the) admit a Northern man to hold any considerable share in the administration of the government. - You all know that this is the general cry. In regard to slavery, I hold that Congress has no right to interfcre in any manner whafever with tiie subject.' [Immense cheering.] He means in the States, and so say the antLslavery men, but the peculiar circumstances in which Mr. W, stood, gave this language all the force of an expl.cit pledge to the Southern policy. TaBLE3. JUDGBS OF SüPREME C OURT. A Judge of the Supreme Court is removable from office only on impeachment for, and conviction of, some malfeasance.(l) Slaves sold at auction, after his death. He was President of the Colonization Socir ely. The North lias liad no Cliief Juetice since 1801 In the Jas' nine ycars, 6x nppointments have been made to the suprome faench - all from slave stntes. That these sta es have the control of the Judiciary is made still clearer hy Tablr 4. - Attornkts Genkral. The Attorney General of the United States is the confidential adviserofthe Presidentas well as of the heads of the oiher Departments, on all legal constitutional questions. He appears for the United States in all cases in the Supreme Court to which they are o party.1 I have been educa! ed in eentiments of habitual reveronce for the Constitutton of the United States: ] have been tnnght to consider the Union of these States as essential to their safety. The fee) ing is no where so universal or more strong than among the people of thesouth. But they have a stronger feeling - need [ name t?' Speech in Congress on tho Panama mission. 1826. Herwas ready to nullify the Constitutionand dissolve the Union, ife:ther came in conflict wiihthe interests of the 'peculiar institution.' 2 The annual trade of the Norlh with the black Republic of Hayti, amounts to 1, 252,824 doüars;but that Republic lays a heavy discriminating duty on our vessels and trade, because the United States have insultlngly relused to recognize her naüonal independence. Some Northern merchants engaged in this trade, and wishing to get rid of the heavy taxes upon it, petitioned congress in 1838, to recognize Hayti as a Government. In the debate en the petition, Mr. Legare eaid, 'It ought to be rejected with reprobation. As sure as you live, dr, ïf this course is permitted togoon, the sun of this Union will go down- it will go down in blood - and go down to rise no rrore. I pronounce the authors of such ihings traitors. traitors not to their eountry oiily, but to the whole human mee.' Ta IJLE 5, SPR AKERS OF THE HOUSE OF Represkntatives. The most important committees of the House have generally been under the control of slaveholders, placedon them by the Speaker. This may account for the partiality shovn to the slave States of the Union in every Federal Law, into which it could by any possibility be insinuoted. CongTess has forgotten the interests of free labor and legislated for cotton. The North too, has been completcly saturu'.ed wilh the peculiar constit.utional views of Southern politicians in the shape of Coneressiolial Reports.1 While Speaker he sscured the admission of Missouri, as a slave State, by a gros? violation of the rules of order; sending the bil}, as if passed, to the Senate, at midnight, while a motion to teconsider was pending! The President signed the bill before daylight; and the Legislative control of the Slave Power was secured. With the exceplion of Mr. Taylor who served three years, the North has not given a speaker to the House since 1809. Table 6 - Sfcrktaiues of War. The Secretary of War has ihe control of the army of the Uuited StateF,under the direction of the President. The South at llie conclusión of the Jast war, tookpthis depanmeut into favor and monop lized it 'for nenrly thïr- teen years. When the ölave power thought proper in 18S7 to make the United States breek their treaty of peace with the unoffending Florida Seminóles, because'they Vould not g'we their negro wives, half-breed children and negro slaves to Ctorgia and Carolina Claim - ants,the justice of whose claims remains vet to be proved, it ngain filled this department: and ihat slave catching war, piid for by the North, at the rote of some eight milüons annually,has been conducted under the auspict-s of slaveholders.1 The Federal Government has never been led by its zeal for the advoncement of Northern interests, to make a hoslile descent on the terntory of a nation at peace wiih us; for the interests of the 'peculiar property' of the South, however, it has dishonored itself by treading under foot a aolemn treaty of peace wilh Spain, and the territory of that nntion, to break up a settlement of Indians and negroes, sipposed to harbor runaway negroes from Georgia. These persons occupied a fort on the Apalochicola, and had opened several plantations around it. The attack was mnde from a gunboat, and the result is thus stated in an official report: 'Three hundred negroes, men women and childrcn, and about twenty Indians, were in the fort; two hundred and Heventy were killed, and the greater part of the rest mortally wounded.' How long will it be ere the Blave power dictates an attack on Canada for the same Tensón? 2 Only a few montlis n otlioo. 3 Defended slaven-, in the Chilicolhe, Ü.paper, in 1320. Rccently conspicuous as ihe ploiting defender of the slave trade and slavery, at the Court of France. 4 Recommended a large ncrease of the military force of the country, in 1841, to deFend Southern davery from'black troops' from the West Indians. See his Report to Congress. There are fiftj nine military posts nnd arsenals in the United States; f these, thi.tyfour are in the South, twenty-five in the North. The soldiers are, nn immense inajority of them, from the free States; ihe highest officers from the soutli. Table 7 - Post Master Gkneral3. The Post office and Treasury departments require great business capacily, umvearied attention to minute details, readiness in the solution of difficult problems, and great forecast in arrangement. Southern poiiticians, conscious of their deficiency in .hese qualilies of mind, and hating figures'and drudgery, have generally left these offices to their clearerheaded brethren of the North. Since 1829, however, they have, for an abvious reason, kept the Post office department for the most part in their own hands.1 By no net or direclioa of mine, official or private, could [ be induced to a'.d knowingly in giving circulation to papers of this descridtion, directly or indirectly .' See Kendall's letter on sla very papers to the post master at Charleston, South Carolinaa,in 1835. Tlic oxcess of expense over revenue, from the postage, in the Southern States, ia abont $000,000 a year. This is supplied by the surplus revenue of the Northern post offices. It makes it necessary to keep the rales of poslage high. Every letter" and netpspoper pays, Uiuo, n iuA tu oujjyuit Mluvery . TaBLK 8 - StCRKTARIES OF THE NaVX. The Secre'ary of the Nnvy bears authority I over eleven ships oftho line, seventeen frigates, eig!)teen sloops, four brigs, ten schooners and four stearuers. There was not half the number in 18S0:in 1811 there were but fifteen vessels in the Navy.(1.,A disunionist. UU recornmendation of an increase in the Novy is opposed by Mr. Adams, on the ground of an intention on the part of the South to nse on enlarged Navy for the protection of the coasting tradein slavcs. (2.) Wroe a book in defence of slavery. Since the obolition of slavery in the West Indies, the Navy dcpartment has been filled with Southern men. Table 9. - Skcretaries of the Treasury. More than Ihree fifihs of the commissioned officers io the Navy are Southerners.Table lo.- Vice President?. TheVice President has ihree times been deprived ofhia power to nppoint tïie standing and special commillees, by political opponents. In other case& his control over legislatiun, both by committees anJ his casting vote, is even grenter than the Speaker of the House exerts. His politinal influence is necessarily great, without reference to his poasible accession to the Presidency. Henee, since the Missouri compromise, no Northern man, save him"with Southern principies," has been nllowed to fill it.Tablk 11. F or the perfect Dccuracy of this table, I cannot vouch, bat believa U generally correct. The nnmes have never been collated. Thcy were taken by a friend for niy use from the recor.ls of the Senate.Fifty froic tbe Slave States, eleven from the free States. In the event of the decease of President Tyler, Mr. Mangnm, of N. C, will become the Chief Magistrate of the ö. States. SECTION II. The tables in this section embrace all the European Courtslo which the United States have ever sent. a minister. Special agents are omilled ikrovghovt. Special agente have never been tsenl to toke core of any interest of the Free States, but always with reference to colton, rice, tobáceo, and other producís of slave labor. The names of Charge d' Affa ires are in italics.1. Slavery was not aboli?hed in N Jersey unlilI804. 2. Attended a meetin? of the English Aristocracy in Devonshire. and made a epsech in opposiiion tothercpeal of the corn laws that shul American produce out of Enghnd, and slarve her operatives3. Reappointed in 1825, but prevented by sicicness from entering on the discharge of the official duties. 4. Southern senators onposed violently the confirmation of his nomination. He was confinned on assurances being given that he was no abolitionist. His zeal for slavery eince, ha9 proved that he was not.Tablr 4.- Rüssia. The cold climate of this country, and the imited commercial intercouse of the South with her, have not prevented southern gentlemen from treating the emba.sy to the Court of St. Petersburg as part of the proper epoils belonging to tbe victor.1. The chief business of this gentleman has been to enlarge the market for rice and tobáceo.SECTION III. The Tables in this section embrace Mexico, Texas, and those South American Courtsto which the United States have ever eent a Minister. The rule exeludes tbose to whiffa Charge d'AfFaires only have baen sem.v