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National Liberty Convention

National Liberty Convention image National Liberty Convention image
Parent Issue
Day
25
Month
September
Year
1843
Copyright
Public Domain
OCR Text

The Lonvention assembled in tne city of 1 BuflUlo, on the 3()tli of August, 1843, under a vnst tent, spread over the park in front of ( the Court House. ■ At preciscly 10 o'clock, i nn immense multi'.ude, embracmg delegates Irom all the f ree States except New ] ehire, being assembled, the Convention was callcd to order by Alvan Stewart, Esq., Chairniiin of the National Liberty Comtniltee. By a voto of the Convention, Mr. Stewart ' was requested to occupy tlie chair till the organization of the Convention. John R. Hopliins acled as clerk. At the request of the Chair, prayer was ofièred by the Rev. Mr. Snydcr, of Monroe county, New York. On motion of C. T. Torrey, a cominittee was appointed, to nomínate officers of .the Convenlion . The committee consisted of S. P. Chase, of Ohio, Chairman, R. B. Bonient of Michigan, Dr. Lemoyne of Pcnnsy!yanin, Hornee Drosser, New York, S. Hoes, New Jersey, J. M. Williams of Indiana, Asa Walker of" Maine, Elijah Miller of Vermont, L. M. Booth of Connecticut. On motion, H. H. Garnelt, of N. Y., was ndded to thccornniiltee. In absence of the committee, the following resolution wap discusscd and adop'cd: Resolved, That in voting on the seiection of candidatos for the Presidency and Vice Prcsidcncy, each State be enütled to as many dclcgutes as she bas members of the Electoral College, and tliat tJic deJegaliöHfl fruni cach Stntc desígnate persons! to tiet in behalf of tliosn district not rei)resented by delegates cpecially appointed ior that purpose, and to desígnate two delegatcs at large ibr thcir respective States. On motion, a committee was appointed to make a rol! of the Convention. The following gentlemen were nppointed: J. Keen, Ohio; T. Hutdiinson, Vt.;W. Lyon, Cl.; C V. Dyer, UI.: A. Cathcart, Pa.; C. B. Ray, N. Y.; R. G. Lincoln, Me.; W.FIavel, N. J. The committee to nomínate oflicers reported the follpwing: For President. LEICESTER KING, of Ohio. For Vicc Presidm t. Gen. Samukt, Fkssknden of Maine, Judge Trrus Hütciunson of Vermont, Hon. Wh.uasi Jackson of Masssuchusotts, Judge Thomas C. Lovk of New Yo'k, Samuei, McF.ailland of Pennsylvanio, Samuet. Lewis E.q. of Ohio, Dr. Ciiakles V. Draiof Illi"oie, Wm. II. Burii-Kicu Esq. of Connecticut. For Stcrelarics. LinnakusP. NouuiofNew York, Elizur Wuihht, jr. of Mass., Charles B. Ray of New York,OwEN Lovejov of 111., Tjmothy B. Hudson of Ohio. In taking the chair, the President made an ppropriate speech, returning thanks for the honor conferred, and a pledge of fidelty in the discharge of the duties of the office. He rcierred to the Dcclaration of Independence, und said that this day men of all classes and professions had assembled to carry out the tseniiment it contained . A motion was the-n made and adoptcd, that all committecs, unless otherwiso orüered, be appointed by the Chair. On motion, a committee, consisting.of the follovving person?, was appointed to prepare and bring forward business : Alvan Stewart, Wm. L. Cbaplin.Wm. Gocd11, S. P. Chase, II. C. Taylor, Ohio; Henry B. Stanlon, Massachusctts; F. J. Lemoyne, Robcrt Hanife) Pa.; T. S. BrowiijMe.jCi Cook, 111.; J. M. Williams, Ia.; Titus Hutchinson, S. M. Bigelow, Vt.; S. Hoes, N. J.; R. Element, Mich.j W. H. Burleigh,S. M. Booth, Ct. Samuel Lcwis, of Ohio, was then called out, andaddresscd the Convention 'm an able and enthusiastic manncr, until half-past 12 o'clock, when they were favored with a Liberty song fromC. A. Wlieaton, and then adjourned for two hours. Wkdnesdat, half-past 2. P. M. The President in the Chair. Prayer by Rcv. John Keep, of Ohio. Song by G. W. Clark. S. P. Chase, froni the Business Committee, reporled in part a series of resolutions. Roport acceptcd, and Convention proccedcd to a üouaidcration of the BwipB,Stephen S. Foster, of New Hampshire, l ered to addresa the Convention, hut objection eing made, the President decided, that as Vlr. Foster was not a member of the Con'enlion, it was not in order for liim to proceed. The Convention voted to ollow Mr. Foster [5 minutes to address the Convenlion, which y coiirtesy was extended to 25 minutes. - 'Ie stated that he liad no unkind feeling tovard the Liberty Party. Jt was the on]y poitical party in favor of abolition. líe wisherl his National Convention of Liberty Party tbolitionista to declare that fugitives from lavery ought liever to be given up, and that hey never would take up arms ogainst them, should they strike for liberty. Should the 2onvention do this, nlthough a non-resistant iiimself, he would advise all voting men to vote .he Liberty ticket. Abby Kelley thcn addrcssed tlie Convention, a vote having been passed, granting her the liberty. Tic Convention ihen proceeded lo considDr icsolutionf, which were adopted. The resohitions were advocated by E. II. Nevins, of Ohio, Alvni: Stewart, C. T. Torrey, and II. H. Garnett, of New York. After a song by G. W. Clark, the Convention adjourned. Wkdnksday, half-past 7, P. M. Convention met pursuant to adjournment. i The President in the chair . Prayer by Rev. Elon Galusha. Gen. Fessenden, of Me., was called for, and in an oble speech gave his reasons for leaving a pro-elaverv party. Resolution No. 37 was introdreed by Theodore S. Brown, of Maine, by consent of the Business Committee. Th is resolution was most ably and eloqnently advocated by John PieTpont, of Massiichusctts, Elon Galusha and S. Ii. Ward, of New York, and Samuel Levvis, of Ohio, and unanimously adopted. Singing by C. A. WheaSon. Adjourned. Thursday, 9 o'clock, A. M. The President caüed to order, and at his request, prayer was offercd by Rev. John Pierpont. C. O. Shepard, S. F. French, Abel Brown, of New York, S. Cushing of Illinois, and C. C. Nichols, of Massachusetts, were appointed a commiltee to raise funds to defray the expensos and publish the procecdings of the Convention. Alvan Stewart, chairman of tlie Business Comniittee, reportod several additional icoolutions. II. B. Stanlon, from the same Coramittee, also reported resolulions. James C. Jackson read a letter addrcssed ed to the Convention by Gerrit Smith, which was ordered to be pubhshed with the proceedings of the Convention. At 11 o'clock, the Convention ngreed te proceed to the iiominalion of candidates for President and Vice President. A moción that Ihose spccJaltu ddegated for noniinating should retire, was lost, and it was voted to nominale in open meeting. Gen. Fessenden of Maine, and Judge flutchinson of VermÖnt were appointed teller?. The tellers having completcd the canvass, the President annouuced the resuit as follows: Maine had given 0 votes. Vermont 6 Massnchusetts 12 Connecticut 6 New York 30 New Jersey 7 Pennsylvama 25 Ohio 23 Michigan á llünois ö Indiana li) Total number of votes given 1 lö the whole of which had been given for James G. BirnIíy of Michigan for President, and Thomas Morris of Ohio for Vice President. There being several thousand persons in attendance, Samuel Lewis of Ohio moved the following resolution: Resolved, That this Convention, in mass, do cordially iespond to the nomination of James G. Birney for President, and Thomas Morris for Vice President, and that wc will premote their elcction by every lawful means, and we cordially recommend thetn to the electiors of the United States, as suitnble persons to discharge the duties of the oflices for which they have been nominated. The President announced that the resolution had been unanimously agreed to. Thercfore thcassembled multitudc united in long, loud: and hearty clieers. The Convention was then addressed bj Messrs. Alvan Stcwart, Saniuel Lewis, anc Col. Miller of Vermont. Rev. Mr. Galusha of New York, stated that the Anti slaverj enterprise commeneed by prnyer; ho movcc that tlie Convention now unite with Rev. Jolu Keep in thanks to God for harinony in oui councüs, and prayer for the Divine blcssinj: upon our lurther proceedings, and for th success of our cause. Resolved, That the President of this Con vention inforni Mr. Birney and Mr. Morri of their non)ination, and publish tho correspbiidenccJG. W. Clark sung a eong written for the 1 accasion, by Elizur Wriglil, jr., of Boston. - Adjourned. j Thursday afteunoos, 2 o'clock. ' President in the chair. Prayer by Rev. H. ' B. Taylor. i S. P. Chose made a further report from the business committee, of several resolutions. ' Alvan Stewart arose, and announced the ' dealh of Jabez S.Fitch, a delégate to this I Convention, wlio died at Iiis residence in i sha]], Michigan, a few days since, and moved the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted. Resolved, That this Convention sympathize with the Anti-slavery friends in Michigan, in the solemn and afflictive dispensation of God's providence, in the death of Jabez S. Fitch, Esq., a delégate to this Convention, and a most devoted friend of the poor slave, and an honor to human nature. We condole with his afrlicted family on this moumful bereavement, while we rejoice in the belief that our brother's spirit has gone to that happy world where the cruel and unjust shall never enter, j Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing resolution be communicated to the family of the deceased. The Finance Committee reported that one hundred dollars were necessary to defrav the expenses of the Convention, and that two hundred dollars onght to bo raised to publish the proceedings of this Convention. Report accepted. Alvan Slewart took the stand, and commenced an addresp, and called upon the people to come forwardand contribute, and raise the money at once. The cali was responded to, and after a short time the chairman of the Finance Commiltee announced that he had received about tree hundred andfifty dollars. Convention then took up the resolutions reported by the Committee, and passed several of them, and adjourned . TironsBAY, 7 o'clock, P. M. Convention called to order by Sumuel Lewis, one of the Vice Presidents.' Prayer by Rev. S. R. Ward. Took up the remoining resolutions, and after discussion and amendraenMidopted them. Messr.= . Lovejoy, Stanton, Chase, Burleigh, Roberts and Foster afldressed the Convention. On the subject of future Conventions, it was Resolved, Tiiat tlie President ot this Conven tion appoint a Notional Liberty Party Corresponding Committee, of one from each State where the Liberty Party is organized, to cali future National Conventions. [This Committee will be hereafter announced.] Miss Abby Kelley, having expressed a desire to address the Convention, was by vote invited to do so. [She wished to define the position of the American Anti slavery Society. In the coiuse of her reinarks, she said the Kxecutive Committee of that Society ought to remeve David Lee Child from the editorial chair.] On motion of C. T. Torrey, Resolved, That the Liberty Party cordially opens its doors to receive members of the "Old,1' "New," or no "organizations" - all men who are reatly to labor for the slave, and the rtistoraüon o all men of their Heavenderived and unforfeited rights, and we recognize as truc A bolitionisls all wiio are opposed to slavery, and refu6e to support it3 its defenders or apologists. S. P. Chaso pre&ented a communication from the Ex-Com. of the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society, appealing to the friends of Justice and Humanity, in favor of John Van Zandt, a citizen of Ohio, who has been fined seventecn hvndred dollars, for comforting a family flecing from bondage. The cemmunication was ordered to be printed, and referred to the Committecs of the several States, with the request thatthey tako immediateaction thereon. The following resolutions were adopted by the Convenüon, at its several sitlings: RESOLUTIONS. Preamble: Being aasembled in general Convention aa the Representativos of the Liberty Party in the United States, and feeling it incumbent on us to set forth clearly, and íuíly, the principies which govern us, and the purposes which we seek to accomplish - and this, the ralher, because those principies and purposes have been misunderstood, and either ignoran; ly or maliciously much misrepresented; be it thcreiorc, 1. Resolved, That human brotherhood is a candinal doctrine of true Deniocracy, ns well as of pure Christianity, which spurus all inconsistent linutations; and neiher the political party which repudiates it, nor the political system which is not based upon it, nor controücd in its practical workings by it, can be truly Democratie or permanent. 2. Resolved, Thut tho Liberty party, placing iteelf upon this broad principie, will demand the absolute and unqualified divorce of the General Government from Slavery, and also the restoration ofequality of rights among men in every State where the party exisls, or nmyexist. ;;. Resolved, That the Liberty Party haf not been organwed for any purpose byI ed pohticions, but lias arisen from among the i eople in consequcnce of a conviction, hourly a jaining ground, that no otber party In the 1 :ountry representa the true principies of I ■ican Liberty, or the true spirit of the j ution of the United States. 4. Resolved, That the Liberty Party hos f iot been organized merely for the overthrow c jf slavery. Its íirst decided efibrt must indeed L ie directed against slaveholding, as the i jrossest form and most revolting :ions of Despotism; but it will also carry oul I :he principie of equal rights into all its i lies] consequences and applications, and i port every just measure conducive to l al and social freedom. 5. Resolved, That the Liberty party is not a Sectional Party, but a National Party - has not originated m a desire to accomplish a single object, but in a compiehensive regard to the great intcrests of the whole country: 3 not a new party, or a third party, but is the party cf 177G, rc-vivinq the principies of that memo,able era, alfid striving to carry them into practical application. 6. Resolved, That iL was under&tood in the times of the Declnration and the Constitution, that the exístence ofsíaveryin someof the States; was in derogation of the principies of American Liberty, and a deep stain upon the characer of the country; and the implied faith of the States and the Nation was pledgcd that slavery should never be extended beyond its existing limits; but should be gradually and yet, at no distant day,wholly abolished by State authorhy. 7. Resolved, That the faith of the States and nation thus Dledged, was nobly redeemed by the voluntáry abolition of slavery in several of the States, and by the adoption of the Ordinance of 1737, for the governtnent of the territory North West of the river Ohio, then the only territory of the United States, and consequently the only territory subject, in this respect, to the control of Congress - by which Ordinance slavery was forever excluded from the vast regions which now compose the states of Ohio, Indiana, UlinoÍ3, Michigan, and the Territory of Wiskonsan; and an incapacity to bear up any other than freemen was impressed upon the soil itsclf. C. Resolved, That the faith of the States and Nation thus pledged, has been shamefully violated by the omission, on the part of many of the States, to take any measures whátever for the abolition of slavery within their respective limits; by the continuance of slavery in the District of Columbia and the Territories of Louisiana and Florida, by the legislation of Congress ; by the protection afforded by national legislation and negotiation to slaveholding in American vessels on the high seas, employed in the coastwise slave trofEc; and by the extensión of slavery far beyond its orig inal limits, by acte of Congreas, by admitting new slave States into the Union. 9. Resolved, That the fundamental truths of the Declaration of Independfciice, that all men are endowefl by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, was made the fundamental law of our National Government, by that amendment of the constitution which declares that no person shall be deprived of life, libertj' or property, without due process of law. 10. Resolved, That we recognize as sound, the doctrine maintained by slaveholding Juriste, that slavery is agninst natural rights, and st riet ly local, and that its existence and continuance resls on no other support than State legislation, and not on any Anthority of Congress. 11. Resolved, That the General Government has, under the Constitution, no power to establish or continue slavery any where, and therefore that all treaties and acts of Cnngress establishing, continuing or -favoring slavery in the District of Columbia, in the Territory of Florida, or on the high sea?, are unconstitutional, and all attempta to hold men as property within the limits of exclusive national jurisdiction ought to be prohibited by ! law. 12. Resolved, That the plea sometimos urged, in behalf of the consütiuionality ol sluveholding under the saction of national leg iülation, that the continuance of slavery was secured in the District of Columbia, by stipulations in the Deeds of cession by Virginia and Mary land, and in Florida by the provisions of the Treaty with Spain is false in fact: and the other plea, sometimes urged to tht same purpose, that Congress might constitutionaliy authorize slaveholding in the District; undci the power to lrgislate for the sanie ir all casas whatsocver, and in Florida undei the power to make needful rules and regulations for the government of nalional territorios and in American vessels on the seas undcr the power to regúlate commeicc, eannot be sounc in lan', so long as the great Interdict of tb Peoule ogaiust deprivmg any person of life liberty, or property, without due procesa o law, remains unaltered. 13. Resolved, That the provisions of tbc Consiilution of the United States which conIer oxtraordinary political power on the ownerj ofsluves,and thereby coiistituting the 250,00C elavcholtlcre, in the slavo Statee, a prjvilegeciristocracy; and the provisión for the reclainition of fugitives trom service, are anti reputican in the ir cha ra eter, and dangerous to the iberties of the peuple, and ought to be abrojatedi 14. Resolved, That the operatiori of" thè First of these provisions is seen in the growth af a power in the country,"hostile to free in3titution8, to free labor, and to freedom itself, which is appropiaiely denominated the e)ave power; this power lias maíntained slavery in the original sta tes, has secure d its conti nuance n the District and in-the Territoriea, has created seven new slave' States, has eau sed disastrous fluctuations in our national foreign and domestic, has gradually usurped the control of our home legislation, has waged unrelenting war against the öiost sacred rights of freemen, has violuted and set at naught the right of petition, has dictated the action of political partios, has filled almost all the offices of the National Government with slaveholders. arte! the abettors of s'aveholders, and threatene, if not arrested in jts career, the total overthrow of popular freedorri. 15. Resolved, That the practical operation of the Eecond of these provisions, ïs seen in the enactment of the act of Congress respecting persons escaped from their masters, which act, if the constnetion given to it by theSupreme Court of Ü. S, in the case of Prigg vs. Pennjylvania be correct, nullifies tbe habcas corpus acts of all the States, takes away the whole legal eecurity of personal freedom, and ought therefore to be immediately repealed. 16. Resolved, That the peculiar patronage and support hitherto extended to slavery ana slaveholding, the General Guveïnment, ought io be immedialely withdrawn, and the example and influence of national authority ought to b arrayed on the side of Liberty and free labor. 17. Resolved, That we chcrisb no harsh or unkind feelings towards any of our btethren of the slave States, while we express unmitigated abhorrence of that system of slavehold ing which has stripped a large portion of their pooulation of every right, and which has established an aristocracy worae than feudal in the midst of Republican States, and whicb denies to the poor non-slaveholder and his children the benefits of edaeation, and crushes them in the dust, or drives theai out as exile from the land of their birth. 18. Resolved, Tbat the impovished ant embarrassed condition of the slave States, s much deplored by their own ma; be clearly traced to the fact that the coerced, reluctant, and ill-directed labor of slaveswill not supply their owu ecanty subsistence, and also support their masters in tbe habits of wasteful extravogaiice which slavery generatea. 19. Resolved, That the withering and irapoveriabing effect of s'avery on the free States, :s seen in the fact, among many others, that these States are taxed to the amount of about half a million of dollars a year, to pay the déficits of tbe siavc State?, and that the slave States have received, for years past, to the amount, as it is estimated, of more than ten millions of dollars a year, for Which no payment has ever been, or ever vill be made. 20. Resolved, That we behold with sorrow and shamc, and indigrïation, the dishonor brought upon the name of the country by the influence of the slave power pon our National Government - corrupting its administration at home - paralyzing nll generous action and utternnco in behalf of right Si freedom abroad, ■ and exhibiling the American people to the world in the ridiculous and contempüble characler of patrons of the slave trade. 21. Resolved, That we are inflexibly npI posed to that policy of the General Goverfï, j ment which plies every ait, and strains cvery effort of negotiatiop, to secure the markets of , the world for the producís of elave labor, . while the products of free labor are, to a i great extent, confined to the non-paying mar. 1 ket of the slave States; and wo insist that it r is the duty of the Government, ín its intercourse with forcign nations, to employ all its ! influence, and to rxert its utmost energies to f extend the markets for the products of free r labor, and wc do not doubt that if this duty 3 be performed in good faith, the rcsult will be . most auspiciou6 to the general and permanent t prosperit y of the country. 22. Resolved, Thai we are fully persuaded ; that it is indispcnsably nccessary to the sal2 vation of the Union of the States, to the pre- servation of the Hberties of tlie people, and to , the permanent restoration of prospenty in cvi ery departtnejit of business, that the National r Government be rescued from the grasp of the - slave power: that the spirit and praclice of , slaveholding be expelled from our National ï Ijegislatnre, nnd that the adminislralion of the j Government bc conducted henceforth in conb formity with the principies of the Constitution, ■, and for the benefit of the whole population . f 23. Resolved, That the practice of the General Government, which prevails in the 3 slave States, of employ ing sla ves upon tho - public workei, instead of free Iaborerp, and s paying aristocratie maeters, wilh a view to ) cecurc or reward political services, ie utterly i indefensibie, and ought to be abandoned.24. Resolved, That we believe intelligente, ligion, and morality, tö be the indispenable and drc therere in fa" vor of general education; we beïiève, 80 tbat goöd governftiènt itsclf is nêcessary ) the welfare of society, and aro thercfore in ivor of rígid public and strict nderence tö the principies of justice in every epartment of its rulminjstration. 25. Resolved, That freedom of speech ana f the press, and the rigbt of petition, and lh& ght Of trial by jury, are sacred and inviolable;nd that all rules, regulationa and laws in deogation of either are oppressive, unconstituonal, and nol to be endured by a free peo Ie. 26. Resolved, That we regard votiüg in n eminent degree as a moral anti religious uty, which when exei cised, shouíd be by o- ng for thosewho will tía all ïri the power or immediate cmancipation . 27. Resolved; That we can never fose oiir" ote, although in ever eo starafl a minority vhen casi for the slave's redemption; as eacft ote for the slave, whether in minority r majonty, is a part of that great mass of neans which will woik out bis final detover- mce 28. R esolved, That the tVhig nnd Demo- srat'C parties alwoys throw away their votesy whether in a majbrity or minority, arid o worse than throw tliem away, as long as they cast ihcm for binding the slave witli fetters and loading him with chains, and! depriving iitt of himself, fris vife and bis efailaïcn which these partiêfc ahvays háve done, irt ïowing down to the slaveholding pottiona of those parties.L9. Resolved, That wé eBpeckííy erñtettt thè friends of Liberty in the Slave States to reflect on the vast rttrportance of voting 6penrly for Libetty, and Libetty men; and to rffmember and adopt the worás of the" ïllöstrïous Washington, who said, icthere is bttt one proper and eíFeclual mode by which the abofe tion of slavery can be accomplished arhJ that is by legislative aufhority; nüd this, as far as my auffrage wilJ go shall not be wanting. 30. Resolved, That we earnestly C-thoTt the Liberty men ever5 where 10 organiza fof efficiënt action in their respective States Connties, Citiés, Towns, and tTistricts and not to turn to tho right side ot io the ïeft unlil üespotísm shaíf have been driven frota its lafst entrenchment, and thnnksglvings for Victory in the eecond great stroggfe fof Lif erty and independence shalí be thf oú$kout the land. Si. Resolved, That we most eamestfy ?ecommend that the liberty party mafee efforts te secure the conlrol of the Town power, co thtt every officer shalï be 8 Liberty party aj and that our frieffds shoald not fail to nominate a Liberty Ticket annually m tíreit towr and sustain the same nerer yielding to a cofffpromíse wiíf the otfïer parties. 82. Resol vod, That a County and Stater organization of the Liberty Party should be fartíifu}ly.vrnaintanedí and we lso reeomwend that out Jrietida employ souie pTopiDf pereoü to lecture, organizo and distrrbate Tracts in eaeh Congressional District in the severa! States, for the space of, at last, Uwee nwn-th in a yeaf. 80. Resolved, That the frienda of Lififerty in eaclx Town form Tract organizaiitfn of men and women, to distribute Tracts in every family in such towue, by directing the labo j of said tract distribution so that no neighborhood be overlooked or unsupplied 04. Resolved, That U be recomtnended that saio Tract distributors circuíate patitions through the several Towns praying Cougress to abolish the abominable act of Congrcas of the Í2th February, 179 3, eo that we may bo delivered from the unconstitutional obligation to become kidnappers on our own sol!. 85. Resolved, That this Convention recommend to the friends of Liberty in all thoee Free States where any inequality of rights and privileges exist on account of color to employ their utmost cnergiea to remove all such remnants and effects of the slave syatem. 36. Resolved, That we cordially welcomo our colored fellow citizens to fraternity with us in the Libertj -party in ita great conteet to secure the rights of mankind and the religión of our common countty. S7. VVhereap, the Constitution of these United States is a series of pgreements, covnants, or contracts be'.ween the people of the United Slates3each with all, and all willi each; - and, Whereas, it b a principie of universal morality, thnt the moral laws of the Creator are paramount to all human laws or, in ihe language of au apostle, that "wb ought to obcy God, rather than men;" - and, Whereas, the principio of Common Law, - that any contract, covcnant, or ugreeinent, to dt an act derogatory to natural right is vitiated and annulled by its inherent immoraliiy - has been recognizcd by one of the Justices of the Supreme Conrt of the United State, who, in a recent case, expressly holds that "any contract that re6ts upon 6uch a basis is void" - and, Whereas, the third clause of ihe second Becond section of the fourth aiticle of thO

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Signal of Liberty
Old News