Protection--Free Trade--Presidential Candidates

A few weeks eincc in our weckly pnper, we endeavored to show the enlire coucurrence of views on the tarifL atnong the several presidential candidates. Mn. Van ISuke.v wos in favor of "a discrimnating tarifffor revenue purposes only, and whicii wijl incidentally protect American industry.'1 R. M. Johnson said - "Taxes collecled indirectly hy commerce are least feit, and more cheerfully paid ; and il' they can be lo regulated as to evolvc great national resources, and rear up skilful artificers and manufacturers,thepatrot's hope wo;ild be consummated. It is the true democratie doctrine, as far as T understand it, to g'ue this incidentol prorection to agriculture and manufacturers." Mr. Bdcblanan, of Pennsylvania, declared that in adjustin the duties on foreign imports ho would "never abandon the principie of discrimination in favor of such branches of home industry as may be necessary to secure a sup ply of those ariicles óf manufacture essential to the nationa! independence and safety in time of war, and this more especinlly after euch manufactures have been established at immen?e expense on the faith of your laws." He ''would save them from sinking into ruin, by snch a rate of discrimination as may be necessary to preserve them." This, he affirmed had "always been the faith of the fathers of the democratie church." Genera L Cass held that, "the revenue of the governnient oughi to be brought down to the lowcst point compatible with the performance ofits constitutional functions ; and that in the imposition of duties, necessary with the procceds of the public lands to provide this revenue, incidental protection shotild be aflbrded to such branches of American industrv as may require it."According then to these authorized expounders of the faith of t'ie democratie church the true doctrine is, "A Discriminating Ta RIFF, FOR REVKNUK PUItPOSES, 1VIIICII WILL IN CIDKNTALLY PROTECT AiUKRICAN JNDUSTRY." We pointed out the dolightful harmony o: opinión on this point between the "fathers of the Democratie church," and the apostJes of t he Whigr faith . Thus, Governor Jones, of Tennessee, then Gubernatorial candi date of the Whigs, avovved himsélf in favor of "a Tariff for rovenue, with siich incidental protection as may be afforded without oppressingr any particular interest of our national industry." And Henry Clay, 'm his great speech at Lexing-ton, Ky., to the Intelligencer, conclusively showed that Ihe Wliigs in Congrcís had done every thing tliat could be expectcd of them; they had 6ticceeded in passing a TariflJ which while it aflbrds eufficient revenue to meer the wants of an economical adminietration of the Government, at the saine time affords adequate incidental protection to American Industry." ilEconomical" expenditure - adequate "incidental" protection! It would seem indeedas f the Whig and Democratie sects had at last united, and üiat the npostles of both had studied at the feet of the same Gamaliel.Urifortiinately, we were not able to Iay our hands upon any document of the Great Expounder of Soulhern democracy, but we liad no doubt that he too was in favor of "rigid economy," "lariff for reverme," and "incidental protection" - ?ƒ- if the articles to bo protected shouJd be slavc-labor staples. Sure enough, we were right. The following epistlefiom Mr. Calhoun, published by Ihe papers a few weeks since will be read with no sniall interest in this connection. (From ihe JY. O. Commercial Bulletin.) Letteu of Mu. Caluoun on the Sugah 1nTEHEST. The Courier of Wedncsday evening brings to light the following epistlc from Mr. Calhoun:Washington, 7 May, 1842 My Dear Sir - You do not state loo strong!y tlic danger to which the South, and n fact i tho wholc country is exposed. Never in my opinión, has the country been in more danger than at present. The administration is powerless, nnd the Whigs nfatuated; and if the olijcct was to ruin instead of savinjf the country, it would bc scarceiy possible to tnke a more effectual way than that which has been pursued. I concur in most of your views and reflections on the identity of nterest,(fnirly considered) between cotton and sugnr; nnd as far as my principies will adrnit, will skk fuli. jusTICB HONK TO THK LATTER, TO TUK EXTENï IT CAN BE KKFECTED BY MV EXRRTIONS. I Can, however, agree to no dnty bnt such as the revoiue may require; and none so high on any article as will push it bevond the grealcst amount oj'revenve that can be derived from thf nrticle. "These are the lhnits within which I may act, and with them, exercise a sound discretion. Bnt in determining the amount of revecue, I sliall expoct econ&my and retrenchment on the part of those having the control, ns far as public policy may permit, and that no part of the public revenue shnll be given away. Observing these, rules, and wilhin the scope they will adtnit, I sha!l take picasure in PROTECTING yourgreat staple agninst the rrmchinatioris of the opponents of labor. They are ever on the vvatch. and stand ready to seize every opportunity to render our labor worthless, and to vveaken our title to our property. J. C. Calhoun. Thus have we sbown, that in regard to the principies of a Ta riff, all our leading poUticiaii?, Whig and Democrat, occupy common ground. IIow good and pleasant it is for brethren f o dweil togelher in harmony! - North and South have met together - East and West have kisped each. The Whig abandons for ever the ground of a tariíffor proteclion] and tho Democrat concedes the ground of a protection within the purposes of revenue - and all together go for economical administraron, tarifffor revenue, and incidental protection! And yet, all consideraron of the usurpalións ofshvery, its encroachments upon our rights, its destructivo war on the interests of free labor, must be postponcd to make room for party-strifes on questions vvhere tliere is no radical dijfc raice oj opinión, and about men, who are opposed to each other, chiefly because tompclilorsjor the same office. We ask our fellow-citzens whether there is not tiulh in out remarkd? We would just state, that we have given the sentiments of all the gentlemen referred to above, in thcir own lnngnagp.