The President's Annual Message

Smeoyour last asscnibling, anotlier year ofhcalth audbouutiful barvestshaspaased, and, whilc ü has not ploascd the Ahnighty to bless us with a return of peace, we o&onot but press ou, guarded by the best Ilght he gives us, trusling that in Ilis own time aud wise way all will bo wcll, The correspondenoo touohiug fureigu aftairs which lias takeu place during the last yoar is herevvith submittcd, ín virtual complianee with a request to that efi'eet, made through the House of llepresentatives, ncar the close of the past sessiou of Congrcss. If the condition of our relatiou with other nations is less gratil'ying than it has asually b en at formcr periods, it is ecrtainly mure satisfactory than a nation so uuhappily distractcd as we uiight reasonably have apprehendcd. In the nionth of June last there were soine grounds to expect that the maritime Powers which, at the beginuing of our domestie difficulties, so uuwisely and so ■unsuccesïfully, as we thiuk, recognized the iusurgeuts as a belligerent power, would soon recede from that powitiou which bas proved ouly less injurious to thcmsclvcs than to our own country. But thetemporary reverses víhieh afterwards befell the oational arma, and which were exaggerated by our owndisloyal citizens abroad,have hitherto delayed that act of simple justioe. The civil war which has so radically shanged for the moment the occupations aud habits of the Amcrioan people, has necessarily disturbed the social condición and affectcd vcry decply th'e prosperity of the nations with which we bare carried on a commerce that has been steadily iucreasing throughout a pcriod of half a ceiitury. It has, at the same time exoited politica! ambitions aad appfehensions, which have produccd a profound agitation throughout the civilized world. In this mmsual agita tion we have foreborne taking papt in any oo.itro versy betweeu partios and factiong in any such States. We havo attompted no propagandism, aud acknowledged no revolution, but we have left to every nation the exclusive couduet and management of its owu affairs Our struggie has been of oourse contempla tcd by foreign nations. with reference. less to its own merits, than to its supposed and often exa-ggeratcd effeets, and the conscqucnocs resuhing to those nations themselves. Xirveithelesi, eomplaiut on the part of this govorumont, even if it wcve just, would uortaiuly be unwise. THE SLAVE TRAMS, The treaty with Grcat Britaln for the suppression of the slr.ve trade has been put into operation with a good prospect of complete sucecss. It is an occasion of special pléasure to acknowlcdge that the execution of it on the part of Her Majesty's govenmicut has been marked w;th a jealous respect for the authority of the United States, and the rights of their luoral aud lojal citiieng, BANOVERJAN STATE DfKi. TlTe convention with Hanover fbr the abolition of the State ducs has been carriod into full effect, under tbc act of Congress lor that purpose. THE &L00SA9S. A blocliade of 3,000 miles of soa coast could not be cstablisíied and vigorously enforced in a season of great commercial activity like the present, without committing occasion] mistakes, and inflicting nnintcational injuries upon foreign nation.-i and thcir subjects. A civil war, occurriüg in a country where foreigners reside and earry on a trade ander treaty rtipulatioDS, is necesgarily fruitful of complaints of the violations of' neutral rights. All such collisions tend to excite misapprehensions, and, possibly, to produce national reclainations between nations which have a comino) interest iu preserving peace and friendship. In olear casos of tlicse kind, I have so far us possible, lieard and redressed complaiuts which have been preferred by 1 friendly powera There is, however, a Iare and augmenting niimber of' dmibtful cases upon which the government is unable to agree with the gnvernments whose proteotion is demanded by the chiniauts. There are, moreover, many casos in which the United States, or their oitizens, suffer wrongs from naval or military authorities of foreign nations, which tho govornment o thesa States are rot prepared to rcdrfts. I have proposed to tone of tbc fovcign States thus intcrested, mutual conven tions, to examine and adjust smoh conjpliiintii. Thispropositiou lias been made eupecially to Grcat Uritain, to Franco, t Spain and to Prussia. In eaeh case it has boen kiudly roceived, but has not yet been formally adopted. I deern it my duty to rocommend an appropriation in behalf of the owners of tho Norwegian bsrqtte Admiral P. Tor. ciens lliola, which vessel vas in May, 1861, preventcd by tic ComTOufcder of the blockading forca off Charleston, from leaving that port with cargo, noMvu.1:Standing a similar privilege had siiOrtly büfore been grantcd to an Knglish vesse'l. I have directed the Sccrctary of State to cafüse the papers ín the case to be , muuicated to the proper committecs. COLOMZATION OF KKOKOES. 1 ApM;-f:;tions have been made to me by ' many free Americans of African descent to favor thcir emigration, with a view to I ' aucb cJl(inization as was contemplated in ( recent acts of Congress. Other parties at home and abroad, some from interested motives, otliers ' on p xtriotie principies, and still otlicrs influcneed by philanthropio sentimeuts, c have suggested similar me-.wuros; while ' ( on the otlicr hand, several of b!ïc Spanish ; I American llepublics have protested f gainst the sending of such coloaies to c tl;eir respective territories. Under these circumstances I have f clincd to move any sueh colony to any State, without first obtaining the consent ' of its government, with an agreement on T it.-s part t: re:eivc and protect such ' frants in all their rights as freeqten; and ( have, at the .ame timo, oíícred to the overal States situated in the tropics, or i v haying eolonies tliere, to negotiate with !l tlicün - subject to the ulvice and consent s of the Senate - to favor ths voluntary cmigi'atioa of persons of that elass to a their respective territories upon condi f tions which shall b equal, just and y njane. v Liberia and Ilayti are yet the only $ oouatries to whioli colonists of African fc descent from !ure coulti go with a fi tainty of' being received and adopfed as c citizüiis, and I regret to say thatsoeh f( sous contemplating coloniza! ion do not $ aeem sj willing to emigrate to these y tries as to some others, nor so willing as I s; thiuk their interest demands. I believe, ' j however,. that the opinión is improving. : ii and that, ere long, theve will be an q mentcd and considerable' efltigrutfon t'1 pi both thíse countrics from the Uuitcd u Statoa. I 5' KOltElUN UKLATIONS. Tha new commercial treaty between the United States and the Sultan of Turkey has been carried into exreution. A commercial and consular treaty lms been negotiatcd, subject to the Scnate's consent,, with Liberia, and a similar negotiatlon is now pending with the Republic of Hayti. A considerable improvement, of the untional commerce is expected to result frotn these measures. Our relations with Groat Britain, Fraooe, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prupsia, Dcntnaak. Swecden, Austria, the Netherlauds, Italy, Home, aud the other Europeau States, remain undisturbod, Very favorable relations also eontinued to be mahitamcd with Turkev, Moroceo, and Chiua and Japan during the last year. Tlicre has not only boen 110 chnnge of our previous relations with the independent states of' our continent, but more fncndly selitimonts t!i:m havo been hevetoí'cire existing aVe bolieved to be entertertained by those neighbors, whose safety and progresa aro so intimately connected with our own. This statement eepecially applics to Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Peru, aud Chili. 1 he commissiou under the convention with the ltepublic of Now Greñuda closed its session without hoving audited and paased upon all the claims which wcre subnnttfd to if. A proclamation is pending te r'jvive the convention, that it may be a ble to do more complete justice. The commission between the United States and the Republic of Costa Rica has completed its luburs, and subtutttcd its report. ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC TEI.EORAPH. I have favored tho project of connectng the United States with Europe by an Atlantic telegraph, and a similar project to extcud the telegraph from San Francisco to connect by the Pacific Telegraph wirc the wirc that is bcing extended across the Russian Empire. TUK TERBITOItlBS. The Territorios of the United Stauv, with uuiinportaiit ejcceptious, have re niaineii undisturbed by the civil war, aad t!nis are exhihited sueh evidences of pros? perity as to justify an expectation that 80m.e of thom will soon be ia a conditioi, to bo organized as States, and be constitutioually adinitted into the Federal Union. The immense mineral resources of some of these Territorios ought to bc developed as rapidly as possible. Every stop in that directiou would have a tendeney to improve the revenucs of the irovenimeiit and diminish the burdcus of the people It is worthy of your scrious consideration whether some extrrordinary measures to prouiote that end cannot be adopted. Tho niuans which suggests itself is most likoly. tü be eft'ective is a sficntiüo explovatioa of tho mineral regious iu these territorios,, with a view to the publication of its results at home und in fiii-oign counti ios - results whith canuot fail to be auspicióos, THE PINANCES. The condition of the finances will claim your most düigeut consideration. - The vjist espenditures incident to the military aud naval operatious reqüired fpr the supprcssion of the rebellion have hitherto beeu met with a promptitude i enal iu similar circumatances, and thu publib credit has been t'ully maiutained. The coutinuanoe of the war, hovrever, and tiu' inercased disbursements made nccessary by the angmeuted lbrces now iu the field, demand your best reflectious as to the best modes of providing the uccesgary revenue without injury to buaineea and with the least possible burdens upon labor. The suspension of specie paymeut by the banks soon after the commeucement of your last session made large issues of United States notes unavoidable. In no other way could thepayment of the troops and the satisfactiou of other just ilumand.s be so economically or as well prpvided for. The judicious legislation of Congress, recogniziug tho receivability of these notes for loans and interiial dutics, and making them a legal tender lor other debts, bas made them universal currency, and bas satisfied, pavtially at least and for the time, tho long feit want of a uniform circulating medium, saving thereby to the people immense sums in accounts and eycJiange. A return to specie payments, howevcr, at the earliest period compatible with a due regard to all hitercsts should ever be kept in view Fhic-tuations in tho valué oí' currency are ahvays injurious, aud, to reduce these Hiictiiations to the lowest possiblo point, will ahvays be a leading purpose in wise legislation. Prompt and certain controvertibility iuto coin is gonerally acJinowledged to be the bestand surest preventivo against them, and it is extremely doubtful whether a circulation of United States notes, payable in coin and suflicicntly largo for tho wants of the people, can be permaueutly, uscfully, and safely ïnaintiiiiied. Is there any other mode by which tho uecessary provisión for the public wants can be made and the great advantages of a safe and uniform currency secureü? I knovy of none which promises so certain resultp, and at the same time so unobjectionable as the oriranizatidii of Bankiug Af-sociations, under a gouoral act of Conïi-ess, well guai-ded iu its provisions.-To sucli fiêïociations the covernment jnight furrtish circula ti Dg notes on tlio sefu.'ity of United States bonds, deposited in the Ti'easury. Theso notes, prepaid u;dcr the supervisión of proper officers, bcing uniform in appcarancc and security. and convertible ahvays into coin, would at oncO protect labor against tlte evils of a vicious currency, and facilítate commorec by cheap i;.')d safo exehange. - A moderato reservation froin the interest on the bonds would competirte the Uuitcd St.ates for tho preparation a,"?d distribution of the notes and a general supervisión of the systcm, and would ligiiisn the burden of that part of the public debt employed as security. Tho public credit moreover, would be grcatly iniproved, and the uegotiation of' new loans greatly facilitated by the steady market demand for governnmut bonds wbicÈ tl, e adoptiou of the proposed system wou'd ereate. It i.s ;m additional recommeudatioii of the measure, of considerable woight, in my judgment, that it would reconcile, as far as possible, all existing iuterests, by tho opportunity offered to existing institutions to reorganizo under the act, substituting only the securcd uniform nationnl circulation for tlie local and various circnlations secured and uuBocured iiow issued by thein. The receipts into the Treasnry from all.sources. inehiding loans and balance lio preoeding year, for the fiscal ycar emliiig on rhi 'Mth of June, 18G, were $583,885,317,66; of sum 849,0ö8,.'i'J7,(i-2 was derived from , toins; $1,795,381,73 from the direct tax from public lands; $152,203,77 from ', ctllancous sources, and from loans in all , forma 1529,692,460,50. Tho remainder, ( $2d7,0G5,50, was the balance from last year, The 4i?bi}rsen)ents during the , same periyd were, for Congregsjonnl and judicial purposes, ?5,939,'29; for foivjgn , intereourse, 81,339,710,85; for uiiscellar ( neous exnenscs,includii!g themiiit.s, loatis, postoffiee deficiencies, couectiori of revenue and other like charges, 11,129,771,50; for expense under the Interior ' pm tinent, 3,122,98:',52; ander the Wr Department, 331)0,3(38.407,38; ander the Nhvj L)t!paihiieiit, 42,674,ö8p,60; for interest on the public debt, $13, 190,320.45; ind for the payment of the public debt, ir.cluding rcimburtement ot' temp ■ rary loans nud redemptions, 1)0,096 923 09; making an tiggregate of $570.841,700,25; and kaviug balance in tho Troasnrv, on the lat dav of Julv, 1862, of $13,043,446,81. It ',-hould be obscrv fcd that the sum of 196,096,022,09 expended for rcimbursoineuti and redora p tion of tlio public debt, being includtfd alsu In th loans made, may bd properly deductcd boih from ihe receipta and expei ditures, leuving ihe actual reccijiis for the par, $487,788,821,97, and lbo expenfiturefl $474,7 1 ) 16, Other information on the f-nlj;iot of the tintineen wilt be givon in the report of ihe Séerotary of thu Trsasury, to whose stati'MKMii and views I invito jour most caudnl and considérate altention. TUK AIÍMY AND NAVY. The rvpoi t.s of Socretnries of tb e Nmvv and ot' War are here.witb transmit ted. These reporta, tbough lengt li y, aro seaicely more thun abstraets of the very numerous and expensive transactious and operations conducl d throngh tliese departinents, nor could I give a sunimury of them here upnn any principie which woulu admit of its beint; iniieh shortcr tlian the reports theinselves I therelore content m vself with laying the repor's before jou, (ind asliingyour attgntion to them. THE I'OST OFFICE. It gives me pleasure to report a deci ded iiiiprovenient in the financia! condi tion of the Post Office Departinent, as cninpared wilh its se .eral prectding vears The rceeipts for llie fiscal year 1,-61 amounted to 88,349,200,40, which enibrared the rtvenue tor all ihe States of the Union for three quar eis of that year. Notwitlistandiug ihe cessation of n'venne from ihe so ealled Confedérate gutea duripg the last fiscal year, the inrrrase of lh: compondenee of the loyal States ha.- been bufficient to pioduee a ï-i-vt uno dvriug iho Mine vL':ir ot 88,299,20.90, being only SÖO.OOO k-ss lli-m was di ii ved Irom al) the Sratas or thu Uni m ilurnig the pievious year. The expenditure shows a f.íili more favorable re.-ult, The a mouu t expended iti 1801 was $13,606,789.11. Tbe last year the auinunt has been reduced to 811,120 364 13, ghowkig a difference of 8 bout S2,48l,000 iu the expeudiiure, as ci.ii)iared with the preceding year, about -S-j, 750.000 as cunipaicd with the fiscíil year 18G0. Thu deSciency iu the departmi'iit for the previons year was 84, 551,960 68. The last fiscal year, t wus redneed 82,U2,S14.57. These favorat 1 o resulta are in tact ovtingto the cisíation of mail conveyance ni the insurrecionary Shites, mid, iu part, to a casual review of all expoMÜturcs ll that departiiieiit njtlie interest of ecoiiomy. The ffficieney of t lie postal service, it is believed, has bIüQ been inuch iinprovcd. The Pi ítiiiastcr Geneial has o ened a i'orri'f-poiidence, throwgh the Depaniueut of State, with foreign goveriinients, proposijigft convention of postal representat lis for tbe purpose of simplifying the rutes of foreign postage. and to expedito tlie foreign mails. This proposition, quaüy importan! to our adopted cilizens and to the commercial interests of this Country, has been favorably entertained and agretd to by all the governmenta from wboni replies havo been received. - I ask tlie attention ol Oongresg to the Huggestion of tlie Pos master General n, bis report respect ing tlie furtber logislation reijuired, in bis opinión, for tho beu i-fit of the postal service. THE PUUI.IC LANDS. The Secretary of tho Interior reports as follows in regard to the public lande: The public lauds have ceused to be a source of revenue. From the lst of July, 1861, to the 30th of September, 1802, the entire cash receipts, from the sale of public lands were 137,477.20, a sum much less thau the expense of our land system during the same period. - Tha lioincstead Law, which will take effect on the first day of January nt'xi, offers Bucb iiiduecuients to settlers that .sales; for cash cannot be expected to ;ui extent suflicient to meet tl. e expenses of j the General Land Office, and the cost of I surveying and bringing the land into the ' market. The diseiepancy botween the sum here stated as arising from the sale of public lands, and the sum dciivcd from the snuie source as reported from the Treasury Department, arises, as I understand, from the fact that the pcriods of time. though apparently, wcre not really, eoincideut at the beginning point. The Treasury report include a considerifílo sum now which had previouly been reported from the Interior, sufficiently large to preatly overreach the sum derived from the thrco months now reported upon by the Interior aud not by the Trcasurcr, THE IHDIAH REVOLTS. The Lidian tribes upon our frontiers bave, during the past year, manifestad a spirit of insubordination, and at several points engaged in open hostilities agaiust the white settlers in their vicinity. The ' tribes occupying the Indian country south of Kansas rcuounc-cd their allcgiance to ' the United States, -and entered into treaty witli the nsurgeuts. Tliosc who ronained loyal to tho United States woro drivcn frxun the couutry The Cliief of tho Cherokees had visited tliis city for the purposu of restoring the former relations of the (rice with tl. e United States. He alleges tliut they yere eonstraincd by superior force to enter nto treaties with the iusurgents, and that tbo United States neglected to furnish the protection which their treaty stipulations required. In the month of August last, the Sioux Indiana, in Minnesota, attacked the settlers in their vicinity with extreme ferocity, killing, indiseriininatcly, men, woïncii, and children. ïliis attaclf was wholly nnexpected, ;u:d, therefore no defense had boen provided. It is cstimatcd that, not less ti.an eight hundred persons were killed by the Indians, and a Urge amount of property w:iS destroyed. Huw this outbreak was indueeu1 is not deiinitely known, and auspicióos wich niay be unjust r;eed not be stated. Information was reccived by the Indian Bureau', from diflerent sources, about the time hostilitics commeDced that a shnnlianëons tack was to be mado upan tho white . tlcnients by all the tribes between t!ie MisBOUxi liiver and the Hocky Mountains. The State of Minnesota has suffercd great injury from this Iiu'ian war. A large portion of hor territory has been depopulated, and a sDvcre loss has been Bnstauaed by tlie destruction of property. The people of that State manifest mach anxicty tor the removal of the tribes beyond the limita of the State, as n guarantee against future hostilities. The Commissiouers of Indian afiairs will furnish full details. I submit for your especial eonsideration whether our Indian system shall not bo remoddeled. Many wise and good men have been impressed with the belief that this can be probably done. THE PACIFIC RAIIROAI) AND THB CANALS. T submit a statement of the proceed'w of (ho Commitoner, whith show I the progres that luis boon n:ade in i lie cntcrprisc of coi.structii g the Pacific Railroad and snggests tlie carlicst complet un of tbc road ; and, ateo, the favorablc action of Congress upon the prujeets now pending before theui for eularging the capacities of the great cañáis in New York and Illinois, as boing of vital and rapidly increasing iwportance to tlie whole nation, and especially to the vast ' interior región hereinafter to be noted at somc greator length. ' I purpose. having preparad, and laid befare you nt an early day somo interestin and valuable statistical infonnation upCU thia subject. The military and aogunereial importunen of cnlarging tlie lllinuis and Michigan Cañáis and improving tlie Illinois Kiver, íb presented in the report of Colonel Webster to the Seoretary of War, and now transmitted to QoDgreís. I rcspectfully ask attention to it. T11K DEI'AKTMENT OF AGRIfcfLTÜKE. To earry out the provisión of the Act of Congrcss, of the löth of May last, I havo eaus d the Department of Agricultura of the United States to bc orgimijtcd. The Comniissioner infomis me, that within the period of a few nionths, thia Pepartmont established tui extensivo system of correspondcncc and exchanges both at liome and abroad, which proiniscs to effect highly boneficial results in the developmeiit of a correct knowlcdge of reeent improvcments in agrieultuve, in the ínl troduction of new produots, and in the collection of tlio agricuUural statistici of' I the different States; also, that it will I soon be prepared tü distribute largely ' sceds, oërcaU, plants and cuttings, and ! has already pubüshed and liberally dif' fused mucïi valuablo Information in autici'■ pation of a more elabórate report whioh will in due time bc furnisbed, cnibracing I aome valuable facts in ehemical science now in pifogrega ut the laboratory. The creation of thia department was for the more immediate benefit of a largè clasa of our most valuable citizens, and I trust that the liberal basis upon which it has been organized will nöt only meet your apprubatiou, but that it will realizo, at 110 distant day, all the Ibndcst antieipations of its most sanguine 1Viomls,and bcsides the fruitful-sourco of advantage to all our pooplo, THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. On the 2"2d day of December last, a proclamado]) was issued by the Kxecutive, a copy of which is herewith submitted. In aecordauce witB the purpose expressod in the socond paragraph of . hat paper, I now respectfully reoall your attention to what may be callcd comdeiii-ated emancipation. THE DISCNION QUESTION. A nation mny bfi said to consiüt of its territory, its [icople and its laws. The territory is thu oD.ly part which is of certain durability. '' One geuoration passctli away and another generation cometh, but the earth abideth forever." It is pf the first importance to duly consider and estímate this ever-enduring part. - That portion of the earth's gurfaee which is owued anti inhabitcd by tle people of the United States i well adapted to be the home of one national family, and it is not well adapted for two or more. lts vast extent, aüd its variety of climate and productions, are of advantage in the eye of the people, wlmtever they might have been in former ages Stcam and tclegraphs and intelligence have brought these to bc an advantageous conibination for one united people, In the inaugural addreps I briefly pointcd out the inadequacy of disunion as a remedy for differences between the people of the two sections. I did so in languagü vïhich I cannot improve, and whieh, thercfore. 1 beg to repeat, One section of our country believts slavery is right, and ought to be extended, while the othcr believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. This is the only substaotial dispute. The fugitivo slavc clause of the Constttution, and the law for the suppression of the Africaii slavo tradc, are each as well enfureed perhaps as any law can be in a community where the moral sonso of the people iniperfectly supports tho law tsdf. The great body of the people abide by the legal obligation in both cases ; few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be perfcctly curcd, and it would be worse in both iustances after separation of the sections t li:fll before. The foreign slave trade, now ünperfectly suppressed, would be ultimatcly revived without restriction in one section, while fugitivos only partially surrendered would not be áárreudered at all by the other Physically speaking, we cannot separate ; we cannot remove our respective sections from cach other. nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presenco and bcyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face, and intcroourse, either amicable or hostile, must continuo between them. Is it ossible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactorj after separa ti on than bcforc ? Can aliens make treatics casicr than ñiends can make laws? Can ics be more faithfully enforced aniong alien.s than laws can among friends? - Supposeyougo to war, you cannot fight always ; and whon, aftcr much loss on ■ both sides, and no gain on cithcr sido, you cea e fighting, Ihe idenlical ohl 1 tions as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. There is 110 line, etralgh or crooked, suitnblo for a national boundary, upon wliich to divide. Traco throngh froin Kast to West, upon the line between tho free and slave country, and wc sliall find that little more than one-third of its length are rivera eauy to bc crossed, and popóla ted, or soon to be populated, thickly on both sides, whilc nearly all its remaining length are nierely survcyor's lincs, over whieh people niay walk back and forth without any consciousness of thcir prcscucc. No part of this line can be made any more difh'cult to pns.s by jyritiag t down on paper or purchment as a national boundary. The fact of soparation, if it comes, gives up, on the part of the seceding section, the fugitivo lave clause, aloogwith all other constitutiona) obügations upon the section seceded trom, while I should expect no treaty stipulatiou v.'oujd ever be Uaade to take its place. But therc is another difficulty, Tbc great interior región, bouuded oast by the Álleghi.'nies, Dorth by tho Britisb domin. ' ions, west by tlin llocky Mountains, and soutb by the line along which the culti' vation of corn and cotton mcets, ai;d which included part of Virginia, part of Teuunessee, all of Kentucky, Ohio, In-, diana, Michigan, Wiscönsio, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, MinZiesota, and tho Territories of Dacotah, iNebraska, ïhd a part of Colorado, have about ten :nillions of people, and will have fifty nillioDB within fifty years, if not preven-ed by any politica] folly or mistake. It oiitains more than one third of the ■ountry owned by the revolte-l States - ertaiiily more than one million of surace niiles-"Ono-half as populous a líiass ilready, as it will have more than 75,)00,000 of people, A glance at the map ' ikows that, territorially (speaking, it is ' lio rrriyit lody of the T!"puV.lir: the ' ' er -nis are but marginal bordejB to U, The ïuagiiificent región tiloping west froyi the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific being the deepeat and also the riclicst in undovoloped resources in tl e prodwetion of provisions, graiuu, grasses, aud all vhiofc proeced trom theni, this great inferiov rcgiou is naturally ouc of the most important in the world. Asccrtain from tlic statisties the smiall proportion of the region whioh has as yit been brought into cultivation, and also the large and rapidly increasing amouut of products, aud we sliall bc overwhelmcd with the magnitude of the prospect presented; and vet tbis región lias nosea-eoast - touches no occan anywhere. As part of one nation its peo pie now fiud, and may forever find, their way to Europc by New York; to South America and Añina by NewOrlcans, and ! to Asia by San Francisco. But separate ! our comnion country into two ñaiqui, a designed bv w 1.'YKHt..V(.hellku:; aud ever? paan in tbis great 'u ■ 'iou is tliercby eui oiï ñoi; som,e uur orniore of the outlcts, not perhaps by a j.iiytiieal barrier, but by embarra ssing and onexoua trade r gulations. And this is truu wherover a duiding ov boundary Imomay be fixed Plaoe it betweeu the now freo and slavo country, or place it south of Ki ■ntucky or north of Ohio, and still tbc truth remains that notie south of it can trade to any part or place north of it, and none north of it can trade to any part or place south of it except upon ternis dictated by a foreign government. However, these outlcts cast, west or soutli,aro indispensable to the well-bemg of the pcople inhabiting and to inbabit tliis vast región. Wliich of the tliree ir.:iy be the best is no proper question. - All usa better thn eitlier,and al] uf right belong to that people and to their successors forever if truc to themselves. They will not sk vtlicic a line (if Beparation shall be, but will vow, ratbcr, that tbere shal] be no Bnch line. Nor are the marginal repons less interesting in these connnuiiie.itioiis to and through thein to the great outside world. 'l'licv dn, and each of theni must, luive access to their Egypt of the West without paying toll at the crossing of auy natipnaj bouiidai'y. Our iiational strjfe sprtngs not from our permanent part, nor from the lai;ds we inhabit, nor from our national honiestcad. Therc is uo possible severing of these, but would multiply, ai d not mitígate, cvilg araotig us. In all its adaptations and aptitudes, it deniunds Union aud abhors Beparation - in fact, it would, eve long, force re-union, however mueli of blood and treasure the separatiou miglit have cost. Our strife pertaii:B to ourselves, to the passing generations of men, and it cannot, without convulsiou, bc hushcd forever with tbe pasüing of one gencratioaAMIÏXDMRNTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. In this view, I reconimend the adoptioii of the following resolution and articlof amendatcry to the Ci:sttutiou of the United States : JCeè'oh'ed, ly the Señale and House of l!tpï sentalices of the United States of i America, in Cong-ess atsemhted, tico thirds of bnlh Jlouain eoncurring, That the fu! owilfg aiticlcs be propused to the lifgislaturcs or, coi.ventions of the geveral St.-itesas aineiidmei.ts to the coñgtitulion of the Üiijtéd .Stut.-i, all (ir any of whioii ar iclis. wlicii mtificd bv three-fourths of the said Logislaturt'S r conventions, to be valid as part or parts of said costitu tion, namely : Article 1. Every State wherein Slave'y now exists, whicli sball aboli.-h the saine iherein at any time or times before i the tirst dny of January, 1U the year of ciir Lord 1900, shull reoeieve conipenat ion (rom f lie Umted Otates as foltows, ■ to wit : Thé President of tlid United i States slia.ll deliver to every sueh State 1 boud of' the United Stales oearing inter1 est at the r.te of- - for each slave shown to have been therein hy the eighth : census of the United States, said bonds to bo delivered to such State by instailineiits, or in one parecí, at the oompletion of' the aboliübment accordingly as the same shall have been gradu.il or at otie tiowwitbia sucli rftate, and interest shall begin t run upon any such bond only from the proper time of its dclivery as aforesaid, and aftevwards any Swte - haviig received bonds as afuresaid aurl nftcrwárds i..tioduc:ng or tolerating p'avery therein - sliall rcí'und tu the Uuitcd States the bonds so receivcd or the value iherebf, and ill iiiteres. paid thereon. Article 2. All slaves who shall have enjoyed actual (reeduin, by the chancos of the war at any time be'ore tbe end of the rebellion, shall be forever free; bu-t all owners of such who s'iall imt have been disloyal shall !e coiupensated for ihom at tlie sanie rates is are provibod for States adoptinir abolisluiiont of sla veiy, but in such a way that uo slavo shall be twice aeconntcd lor. Article 3 Congress may sppropriate inoney, and olberwise provule for eoloni'ivn tree coloietl persons, witn their owu consent, at any place or places without the United Stales I bef: indulgence to discus-i thrse prop- teel Articleï at sotne lenpth. Without i sUvery the rebellion would never have (xisted - H.itiiout elavery it could not cnntinue. Anioujr the friends tf the Union there ma diverüity of sentiment Bod polioy in reijuid to slavery and the i African raee niqtoiif us. Sumo wvuld j nbctith t t-uddenlv and wilhout eonipen ' sation; ome would aböliah it gradually, and with cninpinsatinn ; soine would remote ihe Ireed poepte trom ui; and aome would retain tliem wit li us; and there areyet other ïniimr diveiities Keciiuso of these divers'ties we waste mueh i j-trinih in Btmggliiig amongi t onrselves. ]?y u:ulual eoiieession we bIioiiIiI liarmonize and act tojjether. This would bo a : compromiso nmuug the frittads, and not i with the encinies of the Union. These; iirlicles are intended to emb dy a plan of, such mutual concesión. It' tho plan .-li.'ill be adopted, it is assumed I lint cuianisp-ition vv 1 1 1 follow, at least in sevoral of tlio States In the first aiticlu l lic iniin poinls are- first. the emaiieipation; sec-1 oud. the lengt li of time for eoui-uiiiatiiig - 37 yeais; and, third, the ceuipeusa 1 1011 . Theciiinncipation will beunpatisfaetory to llie advócales of perpetual slavery. but the lei'gtli of timo should preatly uiiiig.'ite rbeir disaatigftiotioii. The tioie j fiiivts both races from theevilsof sudden dem.geiuctit - in fiiet, Irom the neecssity of'any dèrangenient - while most of thoee ! iv-faote habitual courso of thnasht will ba diBturbecl b_v ohe uipiisnro, wili havo passrd awiiy before its coiisuiiiinatioi), mid tlipy w;!l uover sce it. A fl of her clae? will hnil tliu prospect of ciniiiicipnlinn. but wi.l dcp'rrate i4ie)ength nf time, and they ill IVel that it give loo liilla to tbe iidw living alavés ]5ut it really gives them muoh. It savcs tlieni from tlie vagiant destitution whicli must largely iittend iinmediiile eiiiaiicipation in loealitica wliere their nuuibtra are very preat and it gives inspiring nssurance tlmi ilieir ('Ostiiity shall be freo forever 'J'lie plan llaves to eaoli State chooing to wet under it to abolish slavery now or at the end of the contury, or at any inti'riiicdiiile time, or hy degrees, extcnding over the wliole or any part of t hut period. and it obligo no two States to proceed nliko. Jt. also provide for compcnation and generally tbc mode of niaking it. - T h is, it wou d Bcetu, must l'urther mitiga t-e iho dissatisfaotion of tliose who favor perpetual slavery, especially thoso wlio rcccivo oonipensalion. Doubtless snine of those wlio are to pay and not to, receive will object; yet, tliat. tiiemeasure is Uotli jus.t and i'conoinical is certain. The liberal km. of the slavcs is the destruction of property ucquircd by decent and puïchase, the sume as any other propcrtv. It is no loss true for haring been often said that tlie people of the Soutli are nö more respaiisible for tlie introduc tion of this property than are the people of the North, and when it is remembercd how uuhesitatingly we all use cottou aud sugnr, and abare the profit of dualing iu them, it may nol bu quite safe o say that the South lias boen inoro responsible than the Nti'tli fo? its continu&oce. Then f ce, tj u conimon object f this property is to bc saerifioed, is it uot jut t iL;;t ]f be dune at a cuumiou cliiirgc, auu i if with l.esa moncy, oi' monoy n'orc, oasily paid, wc eau preserve tb,o C itoo by thlj neaijo, than ve ca' by the war aluüö, is it not econooiioal io do it ? Let us consider it theu. Iot u asceri in the suin we have expended iu tbc war since conipcrisatcd emancipation was proposed last Mnrcli, ind consider whether, if that irensure had been promptly aeceptud by even some of the slave States, the sa:ne suni would not have done more to close the war than has boen otherwise done. - Tf go, the ineasure would save inoney, I and, in that view, would be a prudent and eeoiH'Uiical mensure. Certainly it is not so easy to pay auni"thing as it is to pay notliing, but it is easior lo p;iy a larjre sum thuu it i- to pay a larger one, and it is easicr to pay any sum wiien we are able, than it ia to. pay it before we ayo able. The gum neccsary for oompensat d emancipatioit] of course, would bo lulero, but it would require no remly cash, nor bonda, even, 81 y faster than the omancipation progrefiscd. This niiftht not, ainl probably would not cluse buf'ore the end of the ihirty-seven yeari". t that time we shall probubly have 100,000,000 pitipié to share th. burden, in8tead of 31,000,000, as now, and not only so but th ■ incrense of our pupulai tion may be expected to continue for a lonjí time afler the period as rnpiilly as before. b-cau-eour territory wil! not have becoine full. I do not state this inconsiderately. POPULATJON OF THB STATUS IN 1900 I MATKD. At the same ratio of inereaso which we have maintained on an average froni our firaí tiational census, in 1790, nntil that of 1S60, wc should. in 1900, have a populntion of 103,208,415; and why n:ay wc not continuo that ratio far beyond that period ? Our abundant room, our broad national homc-stead, is an ampie j resource. Were t ur territory as limited ' ns the i3ritish IsIt'S, OCTtainly our population could not expaud as stated It.Btead of recciving the foreign bom as now, vo shouM be compclled to send part of tho native boni oway. ]3ut such i? !(it our eondition. We have 2,96-3, 000 nf scjuare miles Eunjpe has 3, 80i),00(), with a popfilation avernging 7ii 1 3 persons to the square inile. Why maj' not our country at soiik; time averice as many ? Is it k'ss fcitüeV lias it more waste surfaoe by mountains, rivers, iakes, deserts, or other causes? Is it inferior to Europe in any natural advantage? It, then, we ire at some tune to be as populnous as Europe, how soon? As to when thia may bc, we may judge of the past and the present ; as to when it will, depends much ou whether we maintain the Uniou Several of our States are above the average of European popu lat ion of 73 13 to the square mile; Miissaehusetts has 157, Rhodn Ishind 13!!, New York and New Jcri-ey each 80, also two other great. States, Pennsylvania and Ohio, are not far below - the fermer having 63, and the lattcr 59. The States already above the European averace, except New York, have increased in as rapid ratio since passing that point as over bufore, vthile no one of them is cijual to some other parts of our country in n:. tnrnl japaity for sustaining a der.se population. Taking the nation in the aggregate, we fibd its population and ratio of inercase i'or the sevcrai decimal periodstoba ü föllows; 1790, 3.020. 827; 1800 5.305.937; ratio of incroase, 35 62 100 per Oeut j 18' ," '0.814; ratio, 36 iö 100; 1820, 9,688,131; r-,tio, 3a 13100; 180, 10,806,029 ; ratio, 83 49100; Í840, 17,089,458 : m'io, 82 67-100; 1850,23,193,876; ratio, 35 87 100; 1860, 31,4öo,700; ratio, 35 58100. This show an average decimal increase f 34 00-1 00 per cent. in po( ulation through the seventy years, From our first to our last census taken, it is geen that the ratio of inorease at no one of these seventy periods is either two per cent below or two per cent above the average thus showing how inflexible, nd. conscfjtiently, how reliable the law cf increase in our case sassuming. Afïuming that it will continue, it givcs the follow'mg re.-ults : 1870, - - - 42,323,372 1880, - - 58,906 226 1890. - - - 76,677,872 1000, - - - 103,208 415 1910, - - 138,918.026 ' ]!)20. - 180,986,335 1930, - 251,680,914 TIipsc figuren tho-ff that our country innv bc as poimlmisas Enroñe, at some ■ poiiit betvri'cii l!)-0and siy about 19:25 ; our territory at 73 1 3 persons to the pimart' milt, being of the capacity to eontmn 2J7.18fi,000, and will rcach this too, 'f we do not relimjuish tlio chances by the l'nlly und evils of disuiiion, or by long and exluusting war. springine from the only great clement of diícnrd amoqjr us While it cannot be füreseen uxactly hnw niufli ene bug1? exainpluof seecssion, bret-diiir lesser ones indeSuitely, would retard the population, civilization, and prospcrity, ti" on e eau doubt that tlie cxtent of it wauliJ bo vcry great and injurious. The proposcd eniancipation would sliorton tliis war, engure tliis iiicreiiiC n population, nnd, proportiniiately, the wenlth of tho country W'ith this we should pay all that euianciiation would copt. w'ith our other debts, easier tlian we sliould p:iy our oüier di'bls without it. If we liad allowed our old ■ational (k-b to run at ö per cent. per ammui, limpie interest, from the end of our revolutinnary slruggle till to-day, without psvi))g u.jthing on cither principal or iniVnsl, each man of us would owo less on tlmt dubt now than each man owed upon it then, and tliïs because our inciease of men tlirongl. tliu whnlc pcriod has been greuter tlrm 0 pereent, and has run fastcr tlian tic (ityreat. upon the dubt. ïbus time alono relieves a debtor natioi), 60 long as ils populutk)!) mei oases faster than unpiiid interest occumulatcs on its debts This fact vou'd be no excuse for delaying tle paymont of what is justly due, 'uut it shows the great impor tanco of time in this conneetion - the great advantage of a poliey by which we slnill iiot have to pay until we uumber 100,000,000, what by a different policy wo wonld liave to pay now when we number 31,000,000. In i word, it shows that a dollar will bo much harder to pay for the war tliau a dollar for i tiou on the proposcd plan, and then the I . laUer wijl coat uo blood, r.o piocious life. i As to the second article, tUink it would be impracticable to rcturu to bondage the. class of persons tberein conteníplaced. Sonie of them doubtlew, in the pruperty sense, belong to loyal o#Mn, ' and heneo provisión ia made iu this artielofor compensa! ing such. The tliird article relatC3 to tke future of the fived people Ii does not obligo, but morelj authonses, Congress to aid in : colonizing such as may consent This ought not to bfc regarded as objection;b'e on the one hand or on the other, iuso mucfa as it comes to be adopted not uuloss by mutual e:nsont of the people to be deporteJ, and the American voters ' throujh their representatives in Cobgress COLOXIZATION or F112B S.SOItCMQ. T caoi ( mate it bettcr Icdowd kbi it a!]r ,.!y i, that I stTOQglj favor colonizntion. ;uid yot I wisii io trial t'icre is an objoctiou against the colored pci sous i veinaining ia tbr; country wliieh is largely I iniat'iiiary, if Qot s re n iions ! It i inaisted that their presence would injure aud displace white labor ind whito laoorers. i. theie ever eoulJ ! a preyer titoe for mere miiineüts, ihat t.me t surely U not now. Iu times like the present, men sliould utter iiothing i'or which ihey would not williigly bu respontiblc througli time and oteriiitj. Ig it true, ihea, that colored people can displace any moro white labor by being free thaii reiuaining slaves, if they s ay in i their oivn places? rI'!ic;y jostle 110 white laborera t' ;hey leave their old places they leave them open to white laborera Logicallv, there ia ucither more uor less of it. Kinattoipation, even witbout depor ation, would probably enhance tho vragea of whito labor, and very surely VOuld not reduce them. Thus, tlie cus tomary amoant óf labor would still have I to be pcrformed. The freed people would surely not do more than their old propnrtion of it, and, very probubh-, lor a time, would do leas, leaving an iiicruused ■ part to wbitc laborero, brhiging thoir ltbor into greatcr demand, and, consequent ly, ei.'iiancing the wages of it. Witli dcportatiou evou to a lnuitcd extent, üie enlianuiug rf wa.ges to white labor is niatli' maiisaiiy certaiu. Labor is lik any othtír eoinniodity in the inarlcct. I ti - orease tiie pricu of it- reduce t lie supply of black labor, by culonizing the black laborera out uf tho cmntry, and by pro cisely so much you will incrcase the deniand for wages tor wliite labor. Dat t is dreadt-d tlmt the free peopla will sirgrm forth aud eorer the whoie land. Will hberation make the:n auy more nuiULTous,? Equally distriUuted anionz the wliites of toe whole country, and theso would be but oue colorecl to seven wliites, (Jould lbo one in any av maieiialiy diíturb the seveu ? TUero are niany communitíes now liaving more tlian one freo colored person to sevon wb.itt's, and tliis without any apparent consoious ness of evil. The P.strict of Colunthia anti the Slates of Murylaud and De!a ware are all in tbj couditioii ; the Dis tr iet has more tlia o.no free eojored to six whitts and yut, in its freqaent putitions to Congress, I believe 't has never presented the presenco of free eolored persons as ono of its grievaueca. Uut i:y should emancipation South send íhs freed people North 'í Feorjle of any color sekioni run uuless there is souiethiug to run fi'iuu Heietofore eolored people have fled Jíllrtl' to sorae extent froin boiijage, and npw, perhaps, from bptli bondage and destitutioo. JSut if gradual , emancipation and depoitation ba adopted, they will not have to fice, for their own maaters wíl] give ihein wages at lea-t till , neiv laborers can be procured, and tlio freed ipen will gladly gve tieir labor for i watres till new homes can be fnund for i them in congenia] elimos, and w.th pcoplu i of ïheir own blood ; and once lliis pro position can be trusted on the mutual interests involved, and in any eveut cauuot the North decide for itself whether tu receive them again, as practico proves more than theory in any case. lias iheie boen any trnuble northward beer use oí the oboUsliqient of slavcry in the District of Cjlumbia, last tspriug ? What I have said of tbo pi-oportion of 'ti oo! ed peraous. te the tyhites iu tUe District ol' öolumbja, is l'rom tLe census oL IS60 hoviug po referenco t'1 persons c illed eoalraliands, nor by . ii oe bj the iet of Gongress abolisbing slavery liero, i'hc plan consistíog of tbuge irtlülcs, is reconiuitiuuüd, uot Dm tbat a restoratiou of the national authority . 'ï'd b' -■ccf'pted without its ndoption. Nor will the wnr or proceoding under tlio iiiocliiination of bept. 221, 1862, bü stayed becunse of the reeomrnendutinn of ttiis plan. It.s timely adoption, I doubt not, would briiifi retorulioci, auj, notwilhctundiiifï ihis plan, the ix'uoiiiencjaüon that Gomiiess provide by liw for ooiapensHiipg nny S'ate which muy adupt the emunc pation bel'oro this pluii sha'l have been acted upnn, is heieliy earnesllv renewed. S :c.h wonld cinly be an advance pm't tf the plan, and the saino argumenta apply to both. Thw plan is reoomineiidbd as a iijeans not in conclusión of, but additional lo all others for re storing Blid piurierving the national au ihoiity throujfbuut the Union, The Milijet in pre8Rled cxchisively in its eoiMiomiual aspect. The plan wonld, I ani confi'leiit, revive peace more np.edi 1 ■ thuo oan lo done by forcé alone, ' wliilo it would post leís, ocnsiderinBr t li o iwndUHU iih'l manner of payir.ent, iinci the amo'unt.t wotild be eusier paid than will ho tho additional oost of ihe uiirifwo ri'lv s(l(i!y Ujwn force. It. in ir.iist li kei v thiit it woiild oost no bl'iod at uil ly tho plan whioh is pro(.■osed M a pennaiiunl en iHlilutinnal aw II Ciiiinot Ixicoine sucli without the oonourrriioe ii'st of two tliiids of tho mamberti of Congress, and nfterwards threefourths of iho State. The tequisUt! thrue qiiurters of llm S'ates will iifOLssarily oclude sevun of tho shivo Stiltes. Ifobtainecl, it will give a-suranee of thuir sevcrally adopting etr.ancipatioi) DlKn tho new conttitii tiannl terniti. Tliin nísii raneo would end Ihe xtnigglo now, anJ save tho Union fnraver. I do not foi'set tho grnvity of a paper nddressed to the Oongreea ol tho i):.linrj nor do I forgét tbat some few uro iTiy süiiiort, or ihat many of yon Nava liad inore experienoe than I in the 1 condtiot of publio íi(l:iii s, vet I trust in view f tlio prt.'nt responsfbiKty rcstiiir opon me, you w i 1 1 perceive no want of reepoot to yourselve in unv unduo eartieatneM I muy neem io display. Is t doubted, then, that tho plan I propone, if adopted, would horten tho war, imd thus leunen the expenditiire of money nnd blood? ís t doiilited that it would restore tho ntit ionsil prosperi y ind perpelute both indefinitely? ís it doubted that we here, Oongress nnd Executive, can Reonre itn adoptioD? Wi'l not tho good poople respond to a united and enrnest appeitl írom us ? Can wp, can they, by any other means eo ceitaínly or so speedily aasnre theso vitül objeota? We can aacoeed 'nly by concert. It is not, can any cí ni imagine better ? but can we all do betlcr? Ob ject n hutsoever is possible, still the (jucstion recurs, Cíi we do botter? ' -- - ---"- - a Tho dogtmisr f the quiet past are iniid-, cquate i Un: stormy present; ttv? ovw túnn is piled higli with ditíículey nnd vo raust li-o with tho ocoiision. Aa, ourcasa is ñew, so we must lliink n. new Hnd act ftnew ; we mu-U .lserthrii oiirsclves, and trien we shall save o coiii'try. FeUow-citizens. we cannot escape Lii.i tory. We of tilia Congress wi.ll be remembered in spite of ourselves. No pereonal signifieanee or insignilicance ca spare one or unother of us. The fiery tria] tliro.ugb wbich we pasa will light u down in honor or dishoüor to the latest generatioii. We say that we aro for tbo Uniou. The wcrld wU not forget tbat, while we say this, we do kn.ow how to save the Uuiou. The wurld koows wo know how to save it. We-erer hold the ptnvur nnd bear tlio rcsponsibilitv in giving freedom to the slavos. We insu.ro frodruu to the free, honorable alike in what we give and liat vte cstrvo. Wo, sball uubiy save or merely loso the last bost hopo of the oarth. Otner mons iiiu) succced - tbis opuUl uut fail. Tio way is plaiu - peaceful, geuerous, just - a way uliich, if followed, ti wori will foi-över aip, aJ, uud. God must forover bless.