Selections: Important Facts

As we símil be ubscnt tvvo or thrcc days, we can do no better han pfosent I lie followng statement of facts, whicli we fnul in the New Yoik Express, They arecolleeted with greut care, and arranged with inncli skill, and shculd be preserved by every reader. We oresuine tlmt Judjje Jay the correspondent of the Expres?: - Cin. Hemld. TO THE ED1TORS. I havo rend, with great interest, your repiy of the 26th rist. to tlic assenion of lbo Courier thal the Soul I vvould arqnire no poiticul 8trcng-lli frum the annexalion of Texas; nd llmt the Rcpresentntives of the Free States ín Congress would never permit the dmiesion of anolher slave State in the Union, mlcss in connexion with a free State. If the present ratio of lepreeentation.wherejy flve slaves are counted to three freemen, ncreases the political 6trength of the South, t is difficult to understand why tlie applicaion of ihis ratio on u. greatly enlarged scale vill havo no infiuence on the poirer of the Inveholding Interest. On this subject, the iollowing acts, 'out littie known to the pubic, m.iy prove instructivo. 2i the Presidential Elccihn of 1840. 13 Vree States had 168 Electors, und gave 1,7IG,7O5 votes - I Elector to 10,218 votes. !2Slavo States had 115 Electors, and gave - G93,005 voteF - 1 Elecler to 6,020 votes. New York had 42 E'eclors, and gave - 441,139 votes- i Elector to 1003 votes. Virginia, Tenncssec, Kcntucky, j had 80 Electors, and pave - N. Carolina, j 447,091 votes- i Elector lo Lnuiaianui, &,li96 votes. Arkansas, Missouri, j Ohio hnd 21 Electors and gave- 273,840 qotes - 1 Elector to 13,040 votes. Virginia liad 23 Electors and gave- 86.S94 votes - i Elector to S,7o6 votes Michigan had 3 Electors and gave 44,299 votes - 1 Elector to 14,730 votes Louisiana had 5 Electorö and gave- 15,912 votes- 1 Elector to 3,782 volee Pretidcnlial Elrction of 1844. 13 Free States had 1G1 Electors and gave - 1,390,084 votes- 1 Elector to 11,739 votes. M Slove States had 105 Electora and gave 798,848 votes - 1 Elector to 0,008 votes Michigan had 5 Electors and gave - 56,222 votes - 1 Elector to 11,244 votes Louisiana hnd G Electors and gaveV 20,065 vote?- 1 Elector to 4,477 votes. Jn 1844 Mr. Upshtir, Secretary of thoNavy, bemg called on by the Senate to state the rule adopted by him in appointments in the Navy, reported flOth March) tbat, The rule followed b; niyself, and which is under6tood to be the rute of the office, distributea tbe appointruents among the several States according to theif representation in Corgress. I soon discovered that the rule could not bs apphed. From Rhode Island there was no aplication, and from overal of the new States tlie applications, in many instancee, were unsupported by the proper testimoniáis, eo that the due proportion of those States could not be properly appointed. This rendered nocessary many appointments at lnrge, as it is calIcd.'' Tic Suvreiary appeuds io his report ti list of 191 appointmonts made by bitn up to he date of the repurt: together with the States from wbich they were taken. It oppears that theapplication of the rule gave to the free States 69 ufficers. To thc Slave States 90 Tiiis left 52 to be appointed "at lart c." Now mark Mr. Upehur's selections: Iï; toók from the Free States 4 From the Slnve Slales L7 Residente unknown 1 Thus of 190 naval OiTicers nppointed by the Secretary, he took froin the Free Stules 73 From the Slave States, 117 !!! But it was possiblc, that hercafter, a Northern Socretary niighl apporlion appoinlments according to the free population ofilic States. To gunrd ngoinst si'ch on event the Senate thc same se.-sion adoVd a ciauso to the Nnvy Anpropriatiuii bilis, requiring appointments of Midsliipmcn to be nir.de recording lo ''federal numbértj" thus giving thcslaveholdcrs a representatien for Iheir slaves in the Navy, as well as iu Congreso. This clause passeJ wiihoiú u división. It was rrjecfcd iu the ÍIousc. TÍjc Senateio'.vever, insistid o the cl;!iie. A commiuee of Conference was ap pointed, which resulted in the abandonmeut of i he clause. So mtich for the independence of Northern Senators in resiating the encrooch fñefit of the slave power. Thc proceeds of the sale of public landíwce dislributcd in compÜance wiih the act of IGlt accörding to "federal numbers." The following are some of tho extraordinary rcaulls: Frct ptijwlitlion. New ll.impshirr, 2í4;.r73 receivod i?9,95D South Cniolina, L67,3G0 1G,2!8 Mi-jhigini, 212,267 7,426 I,oui.snna, 183.Ü59 9,971 Vormont, 291,94a 10,213 Alk-sisMppi, Í80.44U J 0,4 10 lowa, WS 1'ii08 Florida, 2C,7l() 1,540 On cxniuinatiün it will be found, that judicial and diplomatic nppointincnts, are all aaa.de necordiníí tü Fcdcrul numbeis," with n bugo nturiber "at large"' according to Mr. üpsljur's plan. Thus, of the ) Judies of the Supremo Court, j are slavchoMcrs, and of the 5 members of Mr. Tylcr's lasi Cabinct, oñly I wa from a frec State. Now, thií discritnination in favor of slave - "Éleclors of S. C. chosen by thc legislatura.üoldertí, under the pretence of "Federal nuinbers," has no warrnnt whatever in tho Conttitution. By that instrument it was agreed tliat in the oppointmení. of repreentatives anü of direct laxes, fivc slaves hould be counted ns threo free (xirsonf;. It was 6upposed thc norlh would receive in lije rule of taxaon, an equivalen for thc ínequality in the represenlation. I3at the Govenmient ig sup)ortcd by indirect taxnlion, and the nurth ' ías thus lost thc CApected eqnivulent, while t receives no compensaron, whitever, for thc i unconstitutional opplicalion of "Federal num)ers'' to appointnients to office, and to thc distributton of public funds. And notv, Messrs. Kditore, vi'bat sthe comaratve population of ihe free and ílave repons, including bolh States ond Tcrritories? rite lnst census gives us 9,727,CL0 free inhabtants in the free States andTerritories, and ! ;,843,505 free inhabitants irí the Slave States ' ind Territorios! Thus vc find that tlie siave egion lias not quite one-third of' the free . íabilants of the Union. ís it Ihen ín , uence of intellcctual superiority and literary , tlainments, that our southern brethren have , cquired such a predominalinjr infliience in the jovernment of thc nation? A single fact anwers tlús queetion. Wc earn from the een us that there are in the thc United States j49,C93 white persons over 20 yeara of age who cannot read and vvrite. In proportiou to heir free population as We have seen, the Slave States and Territories ought not to em jrace more than oncthird ofthi-s number, viz: 183,231. But the census tells us thtit thcy liave 345.887 white persons over 20 years of age who cannot rcad er write, that 3, very nearly threc fifths of the ignorance of the nation, wit'i only one third of its free population. Another very remarkoble fact is the small number of slaveholders in the United States. Human flesh, like lund in England, is monopolized at the South by a few. In some parts of thc Slave States thc wiittes are to thc blacks as 100 to 1, and in one county in Arkansas, as 31 to 1. In olher parts the ehves are cxceedingly nuracrous, and far outnumber thc whiies. It is reduced Dearly to demonstration that the slaveholder6 cannot on an average, possess lesa than en 6lave3, ineluding' women nnd children, and probably tíiey postees mnny more. Now the whole nuinber of slares is 2,487,113, which, tlivided by ten give 248,711 as the whole number of slaveholders in the nation. Yet tliis hanciful of men, by mean3 of tJie magie of "Federal numbers," and the venal sycophancy of Northern democrocy, rule the countiy. The South has now an cqual noniber of Senatora with the North. In the next Congresa, G more Senators will take their seats - 2 from Iowa, 2. from Florida, and Lfrom Texas, - giving the slaveholilers a majority in one branch of the National LegÍ6laíure. Havíng the mojority, and therefore controlling the Northern demoerncy, they will beconie absolute, and will, from time to time, make as many new elave States out of Texas as they sec fit; and yet all this, according to the Couner, will not increase the politica] power of the 6aveholders! The assertion is on a par with Gen. Jackson's, thnt the annexation oí Texas will "enlarge the area of freedom," although it tviII probably extend slavery to the Isthmus of