Trade In Cereals

[From the Boston Henud.J Aocording to very careful statistical exhibit reoently made by the Freuch Government, tiio total cereal production of Europc amounta at present to an average of 4,994,000,000 bushela per annum. Of tliis Rusaia alone fumishes 1,606,000,000 bushels, or nearly onethird of the wholc; Germany, 742,500,000 bushels; France, 687,500,000 bushels; and Austria, 550,000,000 bushels. The production of this country is set down at 1,537,250,000 bushels, or 39J bushels to each inhabitant, while Enropo, with a population of 297,000,000, produces only nbout 16} bushols per head. The following table gives the amount of cereals per inhabitant produced by the various States of Europe: Bmheli.l BtttheU. lioumania 8!l.60Ireland 12.65 Denmark ,.32.45;Tnrkey 12.65 ItUHSl 22.27:Finland 12.10 PruBBia 22.00Grcat Britain 11.55 Franw 18.01! Saxony 10.40 Hunttary 1H.70 Servia 10.40 liuvaria 17.8fi.Hollaud 8.80 Swrden 15.11 Norway 8.51 Germán Duchiea .... 14.00 Oreccc Ml Belgium 13.41 Italy 7.70 Spain 13.47 Portugal 7.70 Austria 12.91 Switzerlaml 6.7G WurteiubcrR VJ.'.n According to the most moderate estímate, the average quantity of cereal necessary for the constimption of each inhabitant ia 14 9-10 bushels per anmim, and, therefore, all the states that come after Sweden upon the list have to obtain grain supplies from other couutries. In this country three-fiftha of the cereal production consista of corn. In Europe oats predomínate, and next in quantity come wheat,rye, barley, and corn. Rus- sja, Pnissia, and France produce large wheat crops, and the two flrst are our largest competitors in the English market. In Roumania and Servia corn tokes the first rank. Prior to 1860 Russia and Prussia led the United States in the supply of wheat. From 1&59 to 1861 the exporta of wheat from this country to Eugland sprang suddenly up from 340,504 cwt to 15,610,472 cwt. while in the same period Rnssia advanced only from 3,837,454 cwt to 4,567,483 cwt, and Prussin from 3,345,301 cwt to 4,462,573 cwt. The lead taken so suddenly by this cou.itry has ever since been maintained. Tables covering the years from 1860 to 1872 show that the United States supplied England during that poriod with 28.5 per cent. of her total importa of wheat, including flonr, against 24.7 per cent. from Ruasia and 17.2 percent, from Germany. In the same period England imported 43 per cent. of her total importations of corn from this country. In 1852 the exports of corn of this conntry to Great Britain only amounted to 1,341,304 bushels, against 1,795.632 bushels from Turkey and Roumania, and 1,870,528 bn8hel8 from Russia. At present Roumania and Southern Rnssia, to a lesser degree, are our principal competitors in the supply of coru. The year 1876 was a good harvest year in England ; pricea were low, and the total importo of wheat were onlv 44,394,152 cwt, against 51,886,393 cwt "in 1875. The following talie girea the source of supply : Percent. Ctrl. oall. United States and Canada 31,716,890 48.9 Russia 8,709,2W l'J.7 British India :),-27'.l,KS7 7.4 Germany 2,:;21,148 5.2 Eovpt 2.218,227 4.Ü Turkey and üouuiaula 1,238,851 2.9 Chili 82,(il9 2.3 Franco 293,350 0.7 Denmark 262,580 0.6 Otnor conntries 3,8O8.35B 7.4 Total ,374,152 100 The importa tions of corn were 3,958,226 cwt, of which upward of 50 per cent, carne from this country. Canadian exports of gram are iucluded in tliose of tliis country. It will be seen that liussia and Turkey have furuishcd 22.6 per cent. of the supplies to Eugland. In India a, dearth prevadla tliis yenr. Egypt being subject to the suzerainty of the Porte, will be nffeeted by the war, and whether tlie war is localized or whethcr it draws into it the other European powers it is evident that the deinand for American breadstufts will be inereased in the neighborhood of 25 per cent. in case of the cutting off of the Bussian and Turkish supplies from market by a prolonged war. Itaiy imports very hirgely from Odessu, on the Black sea, und war will also créate an active demand for our breadstuft's in Meditorrancnn ports. In this countiy the visible supply of wheatis only abont one-half what it was this time last year, and if the Kussian supply is cut off from the English market tlie snpply of wheat nntil the next harvest will be very scant, and prices necessarily high. Tliis will tend to make a good market for corn, of which there is in this country more than twice the quantity in store than thcre was this time last yoar, although the exporte to England have been larger than last yenr. While much depends tipon the area of hostilities and tho length of the war, it is the opinión of statisticians that the Eastern war cannot fail to créate au extraordinary demand for our breadstufl's.