After The Treaty

At the beginning of tlie Turko-Russian war, in April, 1877, says the ínter Ocean, Turkey in Enrope, including the triimtary states of Roumania, Setvia and Montenegro, extended from the river Prnth and the Carpathian mountains on the north to Greeee and the jxjgean sea on the sonth, and from the Black sea. on the east to tho Adriatic sea on tlie vrest. The territory nnder the direct government of the Saltan was 132,3-40 miles in extent ; including the tributary states, tho extent of the territory was 197,000 square miles. Turkey in Asia measured 6G4,000 square miles in extent, and Turkey in Afrioa, iucluding Egypt, 1,039,000 square miles. Among the principal islands of the empire were Cundió, or Crete, with an area of 3,300 square miles ; Samos, with an area of 250 square miles ; Cyprus, with a length of 148 miles and a width of forty, and Rhodes, 420 square miles in extent. Crete is south of Greece, in the Medit errauean, nnd Cyprus just off tho coast of Syria in the Mediterranean. The othcr islands are in the jEgean sea or the Arohipelago. In Europe, Servia acquired the right of self -government in 1829. This was confinned by the treaty of Paris, which ereeted Meídavia, Wallaehia, and a part of Bessarabia into the tributary state of Roumania. The same treaty made Montenegro a tributary s'ate under the protection of Russia. The area of Roumuuia, as flxed by the treaty, was 46,140 square miles; Servia, 16,820 square miles, and Montenegro, 1,700 square miles. All the other provinces in Europe, including Bosnia, Herzegovna, Thesealy, nd Albania were under the direct rule of the Sultau. By the U rms of the treaty of Berlin, and as a result of the Kussian war, Bulgaria, from the Danube to the Balkans, and from Servia on the west tothe Black sea on the east, is made a tributary state, as was Servia before the war. The Prince is to be elected by the population, and the new kingdom is to have its own Government and army, and be under the protection of Europe. The area is about 39,000 square miles, and the population 2,500,000. Eastern Konmelia, extending from the Balkans southward to the Bgean sea, and as far east as Adrianople, is made a provinco, with a Christian Governor, and certain rightsas to self-government, but is to be under the political authority of the Sultan. In the copy of the treaty published the liniits are not given, but the discussions in the congress oontemplated the South Balkan country in which Bulgarians or Christians preponderated, and this has an arca of from 15,000 to 20,000 square miles. Koumania gives up Bessarabia to Rus6ia, gaias the Dobrndscha andother territory south of the Danube. and is made absolutely independent. Servia gains teriïtory about 200 square miles in extent on her southern border, and becomes independent. Montenegro is given new territory, and is made independent. Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an area of about 23,000 square miles, are to be occupied and admiuisteretl by Austria The treaty of Berlin fakes away from j Tnrkey abRolutely G5,000 square miles of territory, gives the right of self-government to over 50,000 square miles more, and virtually transfers 23,000 square miles more to Austria. This leaves the Sultan in direct control of about 60,000 square miles of territory in Europe, this not including the Christian state south of the Balkans. In Asia the Eussians hold the territory taking in Batoum, Kars, Ardahan, and extentling as far west as Olti, in all about half as large as the State of Illinois. All the remainder, over 000,000 square miles in extent, is placed virtually under the administrative control of England. The island of Cyprus is transferred directly to England. Religious liberty is guaranteed in the laten ronde independent, and in all the remaining provinces of Turkey. If Russia was honest in the declared purpose for which she made war she bas succeeded in every partícula'-. She declared that the object of the war was uot the acquieition of territory, but the amelioration of the condition of the Christian population of the Balkan península. Ib thia she has succeeded in institutie g a sweeping reform. In the treaty of San Stefano she claimed no : territory for herself but Bessarabia, I taKen from her in 1856, and Batoum, i Kars and Ardahan in Asia. All these i claima were allowed. Russia has succeeded virtually in destroying the Turkish empire. And wliile allowing Austria to shapa the ad■ ministration in one section and England in another, she exercises administrative influence herself only in Bulgaria. So far the record of Russia has been consistent. She has accomplished the purpose of the war, and, after fighting all tbc battles, has not exhibited more I greediness than Austria or England in ' grabbicg territory.