Weekly News Review

ÏN July lust Benjamin Hunter was convicted of tlio nmrder of John M. Armatrong, a prominent and WO&Ithy citizen of l'hiladclphia. It appearrd that th'1 deed was done by :ni employé of Hunter, named Graham, who was paid by the villain liborally todog the steps of Armstrong and put him out of the way, the motive being a Urge poliry of insurance in which Hunter was the beneficiair. On tlioiothrtf tliis month the murdorer paid the ponnlty of his av. ful crime by expiating his life on the gftllows a t Caniden, N.J. - The miserable man liad atti'inptcd snicide by refueing to eat, but was kept alive by injoctions. He was eompletely prostrated and unalileto walk, and had'to be'carried to the g&llows. Fourmen held himupwhile the Sheriff placed the rope anmnd liia neck. A iükening 8cene thon followed. The rope was too long, the enlprit feil bftdi nul was caught in the arras of the Shcriff's assistants. The .Sheriff then seized the rope and hoisted Huuter into the air, and he was hanged, a nnmber of persons holding the rope and keeping him suspended in the air. He died slowly by utrangulation, but apparently without pain. It is deaoribed as ono of the most sickening scènes ever witnessed atan executioD. An Englisli wonwn, Mrs. Anderson, has just eompleted, at New York, a great task in pedestrainism, that of walking 2,709 quarter miles in 12,700 consocutive quartertionra. She was Krettty exhausted at the end of the walk, but this was atoned for by a poeketful of greenbacks, the public payi'ng liberally for a sight of the great woman walker. TUK WESÏ. A most daring robbery was coinmitted in Chicago a few ovenings ago. A few minutes after u' o'elock, when the streets aro more orowded than at any other hour of the day, a cutter carrying two men drove to the corner of Madison and Dearborn streets - one of the husiest corners iu the city- and, the two men alighting, one of "them proeeeded to tasten from the oufside the door of A. Goldsmid's pawnstop, while the other, with i hatchct. smashod the plate glass of the show window. The tiro th'n seized several trays of diamond rings and other jewelry, ieaped 'into their cutter, drove off, and have not sinec been heard of. A j bsry almost precisely similar, aud pei-petrated at about the same hour of the day, oocurred in New York oity a few woeks ago. Fokt Eobixson. in Kcbraska, lias ! been the scène of a bloody emento, resulting in I wholesale slaughter of Indians and the ! death and wounding of several soldiers. For eome time a large number of Uheyenne Indiaus who wen engaged in the raid in Western Nebraska last svmimer, and were subsequently captured, have been held under restiaint at tbat post. It haring been determinad by the Government to sena these savagèa èouth into the Indian Territory, preparations beiag made to that end! They Jeclared ; their detinniuation not to go South, asserting , that they would die in resisting such a í ment. The military tried to larve them into submission, and even went so far as to depri ve ihciu of f uel, but their stubborn naturea would not yield. Finally it was determiued to the tv,,i leftding chisfs, üld Orow iiml Wild Hog, in irorm, and separate them from the coinmou Indiaus. In ■ carrying out tliis step there was a fnrious strnggle between Wild H'g and the guarde, in which one of the Jatter was danperously i stabbcd. This affair caused the wildest exeitc"ment among the Bavages Sonic of them aommencert chantiiig a war song, and, at a i 1 signal, the entire body made il dash through their prlscn wiudowsi and. firing on the gnard with revolvers which 'they had encoeeded in eonoeaUng, all ran for th'e open prairie. The giiard opencd lire on the tleeing savages, shooting them down by dozens in the frozen snow, presenting a scène ' that discounte the Custer massacre. The 'I eavalry continued in pursuit of the retreating savages, killing them without mercy. Four holdiers of tho Third cavalry wore wounded ■ and one killed, haviog been " shot through the heart. Dull Knife, the Cheyenne Ba vage leader, wan numbered amone thé dead, having : been shot through the head. Altogether i tweén thirty and forty of the Indiana were killen and a great many wounded. A firk in Cineinnati lant week j stroyed $140,000 worth of property on Main i utree t. The reader has probably not j ten the sensation created last sunmier by the ! revelation of the extraordinary crime of Troy : Dye, if Sacramento, Cal. He was Public Admihistrator, and, the business of his office growing Black, ho hit upon ascheme to increase it, and thereby put raoney in his purse. This plan was nothiBg less thiin to mate away with Home of the wealtliy citizens of the cóimty. T!ie ftrst victim of the diabolical wretch was one A. M. Tnllis, a rich farmer. Detection speedily followed, and Dve was arregted. He has just boen tried and fouiwl guilty of murder in the i first desree Marcus Kronberg, an old wellknowu Chicago jen-eler, has failed for 8:200,000. . . . .A long-distance race between a horse and a professional pedestrian, in Cliieago, resulted in 1 victory for the equiue animal, which made the etraordinary time of .'01 miles in 52 hours, the man meanlime seoring 148 müe?. The horse was on the track 27'. ,' hours; average rate per mile, 8 minutes aud 21 seconds News eomoB from the far West that emissaries from Sitting Bull's camp have reaclu-d Cheyenne Eivor Agency, who report that the hostiles, at a grand council, had i decided to come in and submit to the agency ' rules, provided they are guaranteed protection by the Government. A MiLiTAKY court- consisting of Col. JohaN. King, Ninth Infantry; Col. Wesley Merrltt, Fifth Cavalry, aud Lieut. Col. W. tí. Boya), Third Cavalry- met at the Palmer House, Chicago, last week, for the purpoae of investigating : th? charges against Maj. lïeno in connection ; with Custet massacre. Tllli SiHTTT. An entirefamilyof emigranta, , ing of Clark Hubbard. his wife, and two chil■Ireu, were recently frozen to death neár Püot I'oint, Texas. The heaviest suow-storm for twtenty yows bas jast visiled Southweetern Kentueky. It feil to the depth of sixteen inches and drifted badly, delaying the railroad trains. Pkoit. Hkney Pif.hk, attempting n balloon aspetsion at Joneeboro, ('raighead eounty, Ark., feU f rom a trapeze a distance of 1 ,(KW f oet and was instantly killed. Order reigns in BreatMtt eounty. Ky., once more, aud eighteen of the out'.aws who were engaged in the recent emeute have been inmeied formnriler. Ta KSdxviLLE, Fin., and vicinitj perieooed a m vore earthquake the other day. Buüdmge were violantly haken, crockerv i-attled and doors thrnwn op. WAflHJNOXON. Fkdebal appoiatinents : Thomas L'. Nelson, Hasaaehusetts, to beüuited States 1)íh'rict Judge for MagssaohuBetta; Jame f). ! ell.ow, ürange Ferris, e York, and A. O, i .din, Vermont, for Southern Claims I Bionere; Lewle E. Payne, Virginia. United Jtatea Attorney for Wyoming Territoiy; A VVorth Bpatea, Marylaud, Secretan of Wvomim; rerritory; Peter KantoiyBegister of HietandUffiee, Biainarck. D. T. . James Loncstreet Ponmwter ai Oameevüle, (,. OOKBBESSMAN HaKTEIDOE, of ! gia, died at the capital on the 8th inst. His disiraa pnoumonia....niinoia haa only430 persons resident in the District of Colombia: Ohiohan 1,878. The House Comiuittee on Education ! and Labor lias authorized Representativo Willis i" report a bilí heretofore agreed npoa by the oommittee, providin that uut mors anfltteen Chinese shall be admittedto this i country on any ono vessel, with a request that the House suecially assign tbc earliest poBsible ctoy for its consideration. A DKi,K(iATioN of reprcsentativí' men l'i om the. dvilizttl tribes of the Indian TerrikoryotUed aponflie President, last week, and had an interchnnge oi views. The Indian i i-tuefsm&de brief speechen, M.iting that tbeir : ]„■,,),!, were in a prospéreos oondition and were ppposed to the transfer of the Indiana to the War Department. A suB-coMMiTTEE of the House Judiciary Committee, eonsisting of Messrs. Kïott, I .;. nde and l'ryr. has been sent to Chicago to tavertigate the charges against United States District Judge Blodgett. . . .The Potter Committee has decided to go into an ioveetigation pi the cipher dit-patclies. . . .Dcath has again nvaded the halls of Coogress, the victim tlm. time beingHon. Ciimtavu Selileichor, of Texas on of the ableet and mos! nsèfnl membeJ South. Mis discase waa pneumonía, wWch has buen alarmingly prevalent at Washington tuis winter. The report of the Department of Agricultura for December saya the oom erop of 1878ÍS 30,060,000 bathek in OXOBBe of l.s?s. Oats a somewhat larger erop than the heavy rield of 77, eonsBtnti g it the largest everriisedia this country. No material change In barlev Itye one-sixa larger than in 1877. Potatoes fall off 46,000,Tp bushels. Xhe cultivationof eorghum is receiviog inoreued at eation and the resulta of the year's onl ture are satlsfactory, I'OLITHAI.. .: : The Ki-pnblii-ans of the Pennsylvania : , .' Legitlftture mei in canons, on the 8th iust, and Dominated 3. Donald ('amerou as Iiíh own [ ceesor in the Unitod States Senate. A telegram froni Washington to the ; Chicago Tribuut gtatcs that " the National in the next OoDgxwa propoee to make tli8 most that 8 possible out of tlieir position. A cali I haB been issued trom tho headqunrters of the i National party for a meeting of Otwenbaek CoDgreiepien Vleet for Feb. 23. Most of the gentlemen have responded. The subjects agreed apon to be discussed are the Eight-Hour law, the Kpeakeinhip and specific greenback measures. The Nationals declare that they do not propase to go uto tbeAauauaol oither party and will have their own eaueuy, but will have Democratie proclivitiesif suincientinducements are made theni by Democratie leaders. " . . . . Prof. Niithanii-1 1'. ilill han been chosen by the Colorado Legislatura to sueceed Mr. Chaffee in the United States Senate froiu that State. FORKIGN. Tjik old King of Holland was married the other diy to the Bjrincess Emma, of Waldeck-Pyrmont He is 62; Bhe, 20. A Berlín dispatch says the Eneror is wonderfnlly well, though still obligod to curry iiia arm in a sling. He drives out daily with the Crown Prince or hia own euerty. A Sï. Petersburg dispatch says the i Kharkoff Veterinary School has been : brokeu up, and the Kieff University clo8ed in consequence of the , 0U8 demonstratione of the studenta .... I Advices from the seat of war in Afghanistan ; represeut that the winter campaigri in that country is virtnally ended. Most ot' the Afghan chiefs had sent friendly inessages to the Bntish conrmauder, and Yakoob Khan was bolieved to i be preparing to follow tho Ameer tohfis llight to ; liussia. It is announced fromEome that Pope Leo has written an eneyclical letter, ia which Ju arraye the power of the Roman Catholic Church against Soeialism, Comnranisin, and Intcrnatioimlism, and ealls upon the Bishops to comhat these dangerous doctrines.... Advicea from the Indian frontier report tliat the British troops had attacked a large foree of the hill I tribes iu Afghanistan, and wero complfitely torious. It ia significantly added that the vieCory is eipected to have a'great moval effect i Oen. (irant bid adieu to Irelund on tlie lOth of Jaimary. and journeyed direct to Landos. The British continue to pröSB their way f orward into Af ghamVau. din telegraphs that Candaharhas beenoccupied, the eilief official fleeing toward Herat Bismark has prepared a bilí for the pimislmient of . menibers of the Reiehstag who use "uribacoming expresions. " and expects that body to pass it. The bill abolishefi freedom of debate and ftllows the majority to silenee or exclude ui iv member, depi'ive iiim of the right to re ■ elcction, and turn him over to the courts for furfcher punishment. 'Die immediate object of i the bill appearn to bc to suppress Soeialistic I speeohe; lmt practtoally it may Ite uwed to extermínate any niinority in the natioiml Parliament. A Calcitta disi);itcli reporta that the British aniiy invacliDg Afghanistan bas gone ' izkto winter quartera, and ihat the health of the ti'oops is excellent. . . .Prince Henry, of Hollaid, brotner of King William, is dead. THE BI-AXNB INVKSTIGATION. Tlie Teller Committee beganwork at New Ürleans on the Tth inst. , and on that day several witoesses were examined regarding the charges of bnlldozing, intimidation, etc. J. E. Breda, of Natehitoches parish, an ex-Confederate dier, but since 18T1 a Kepublican, testified that ' " there is no lawlessness among the negroes - miserable individuals. They hardly dare strike back. They are murdered thèrc like ■ sneep. Political "speeches ealling upon the negroes to ent loose from tlie Democratie party are stylcd incendiary speeches, and I never made a speech that was not strictly j I a speech on simply political subjects. The ' gi'oes are gronnd down and cannot even Bell their crops under their own names. There are ; 1,700 white and 4,000 colored voters in the parish, and there are more white men who vote : ! the Kepublican ticket than blacks who vote the ' Democratie ticket. The Democratie majority I in the recent election, given in the official jour nal, was 2,'JiX)." Senator Camerou - Are any l prosecutionB against fraudnlent votors, etc", twang carried on in any of tlie State courts? Witness - No, Rir. For, if so, the whole judiciary of tlie State would have to be brought j I to trial. I state this on hearsay only. I kuow ' ncthing from personal obeervation. " I and my i brother were driven out simply because we were political leaders. Severa! other witnesses were examined, all of them Iiepublicans, who ! testiiéd similarlv to Broda in regard to the ings on in ïiatbitoches parish. Messrs. J. D. McGill, Lucien Eland, and J. M. ; McGill, residents of Tensas parish, testiñed that before the election there were two tickets in the Held - a regular Democratie and an Independent Democratie. The negroes agreed to support the latter. Witnesses believed the negroes were i;itimidated to such an extent as to prevent the election of the Independent ticket. They o believed that frauda were committed by stufting the ballot-boxes. The whole machinery of the election was in the hands of the regular Democratie nomíneos. Witnesses were candidates on the Independent ticket. At the meeting of the Teller ; mittee at New Orleans, on tho Sth inst., a number of partios from Tensas parish were examined with a view of proving that bullaozing and intimidation had been carried on in ; that parieh at the late election. Fleming Branch (colored) tostified to the attack on , Fairfax, Republican candidato for Congress, ■ of the ahooting down of the adhereuts of Fairfax, and of tlie latter's precipítate flight to save his lif e ; witness himself was wounded in the melee, and he and a number of other colored people took refuge in the bushes. On the Tuesday following the attaek on Fairfax the slaughter of negroos began, and some ; eighty, the witness stated, were killed ; altogetlier. Daniel Kennedy, Viola Wallaco j and Rebecca Rosa (all colored) testified -, substantially to the same oceurrences related by Branch. E. C. Ruth, a colored Justiee of j the Peace, testifled tbat ÜIK) eolored men in his ward were torced to join the i Democratie club, and then received certificates entitling them to protection. Witní tHtlflííl rttViíiT1 Afta nf lawlnaanuaa mis ujsxmeu to oiner aois oí lawiesHiiess, J. N. Mitclifill, the only white man examined duxiag the day, testilied concerniDg armed bands from ofher parishes and from Mississippi. He hcard a great mauy things, but knows the reporta were exaggerated. He said : " ín fact, if you inquire rigidly into many stories you will ñnd not a ora oí truth in them. Armed bende did ome things which I could not approve. There íb hostíüty between the negro and the white man. I wo'n't try to disguise this faet. Show me a negro w'ho votes the Democratie ticket, and I will show you a hypoerite or a fool.'1 Befokk the Teller Cominittee, on the Hth iust, W. D. Hollina, of Tensas parish, testitied thaí he wan a candidato ou thelndependent , ticket at the late election: saw no outrages (■'iiimiirtcilj bnt thinks intimidation frightened tho negroes ho mnch that they stayed awavfrom the poli, and tliat if the liqgroeH liad voted they would have had a majority of 1,000. J. R. Rosey tesüfled UJ regard to the dispersiug of the : groes massed for the pnrpose of attacking Watoi'prooí ; was oue or íhe Sheriff's posse: said " the negroes were in their qnarterK, and, when we üncl uno volley, they dispersad, Two or three negioea Were i ed ; dou't thiuk any were killed." Frank Watson (colorea) ' was tlie next witneiís. He lived eight miles from Waterproof, uní un tcild by a Democratie friend tbat tlid place wan Ki-lting too hot f or him ; tlial he liad better clear out. He ran awav. leaving liis pnrtly-gathered .-íMp i, toke care öf ftteif. Dther coloved winieases t'8tined tbat on the dav i i eleetion there was a riot in ('aledonia, Caddó parih. The riot cotnmenced after the voting was over, and three negroes wére killed. Wit nesses tesöfled to the general intimidatiou of Degroes in Caddo. BüJf. Williams and Williwn Harper. i of Caddo parisli, ti'Ftiíird on the lOth, cormborating the tebtiniony if other witnesees as to violenuo ond intimidatínn in the pnvish, and placiag the polls ut out-nf-the-way placeo wifhoin dné notie, thm preventtug the colored men from voting. A. H. Leonard, District Attoiuey, ttstiñed to general acts of iutimidaüon. Prior to the elee - tion was told by prominent Demócrata that tüey j meant to earry the election. Asked them how they would do it, in view of the fact that the negro trotera were great] v in the majority. The ! reply was that the negroes would vote the ; ocratic ticket. Later, a íixed detennination on ! tho part oi' the Demócrata to carrv the election became evident This detennination tiually was intensified iuto acts of intimidation. WftnesH then detailed various acts of violence, Í threata and fraud, such as placing ballot-boxe at inaccesible places, the cii ganization of lompaniea tliroughout the parish for the avoweTpurpoHeof carrying theelection, not i mitting the Kepubliean Supervisor to discharge ! his duties, and refusal to allow negroes to vote who bad registered, on the ground that their names were not on the books. H. t'. IJcgerB, L. Templetnan, G. A. Bimpleraan, and J. Bhep herd, of (,'addo, were called by Democratie ! memben of ili" committee, and in substanco deiiieil the statements of previous witnesses of I intimidation by the Democracy. They asserted ! that where were the greatest troublc the groes were the aggiessors. Thk TelJcr Committee, on the llth inst., exaaiined Judge L. V. Beevee, of Tensas j parish, Chairman of the Democratie Committee, j who tcstiiied that the trcmbles in that parish ' did not arise from political causes. He said tliLi t ramera ipread abroad that the color Une was to be drawn, that the whitcs became alarmad, that Capt Pcck, who went to fax'a turase to persuade him to withhold from his purpose of arraying the blacks against the whites, waa shot 'down, and that in the fight that ensuéd severalnegroea.werewounded. Tliif waa the starting point of the troubles, and thequegtion bebunis no longer political, but a oontest botween the whites and blacks. The negroes at once mageed in largo mimber, and it became necessary to restore poace. Evcrything was peacoable and ouiot on election day. George Norwood, of Caddo, tlio ncxt witness, appeared wit i hia head bandagBd, and spoke with difflcnlty, having been shot ii the face; in tlio Caledoniá afTair. He teBtrflod that the first shot was flred by negroos at him. He did not tire a shot that day. Ho is a Rcpublican and alv;iys worked for tho negroe, and ttfoUght it hard they should bo the flrst to shoot hun. William A. Lacy, a lawyer and editor, and J. C. Montfurê, Speaker of the Louisiana Honse of Representativas, both reiñdeiitH of Oftddo parish, testitied that tlie olection in tbat parish was fair and peaceablo; they stated that District Attorney Lconardwasresponsiblo for tlie troubles in that región. The negroes voted freely until Leonard, seeing no chance of carrying tlio electiou for the Republicana, ordered the negroes to go home. Witness tbought some of Leonard'e speeches incendlary, ealculatod to excite bad blood botween the blacks and whites. A couplo of colored witnesses testitied that the bulldozers iu Poiiit Coupeo parish eominitted great outragea, whipping and killing negroes. Before the Teller Committee at New Orleans, on the IHth, G. R. M. Newman (colored) of Kt. Mary's parish, testitiod oonoeroing the destruction of ballot-boxes by the Demócrata Ín that parish. W. B. MeNeali, of Caddo, an ex-Federal soldier and Depnty Sheriff, tcstified regarding tho tronble at ('aledonia; that the flrst shots were flröd by negroos upon an unarmed party of whites: in the tighting that tollowed abont twenty negroes were killed. David Wis", of Tensas," toatifíed that the election was peacoable and quiot. Live withiu onefourth of a mile of Fairfux, bat knew notlnng until the affair was over. Did not see the men. Novor heard the reason of the visit. My gin was burned by ths negroos the following day. Saw armed colored men marching through Waterproof the day Leforo my gin wan burned; consequtntly, when it was burning, wan afraid to go oüt to see about it. Think armed bodies of negroes carao f rom Catahoula parish- gome :HH) of them. The next day anotlier crowd of armed negroos eame in town, made a great deal of fuss, and cripd that they were going to burn the town. Fairfax was the leader of the negroes. TT. Mosa, of Tensas, testiíiesl unit lio saw armed Dêgroes pass by the hundreds thttmgh the town of Waterproof. We were very much frighte„ed. The negroes threatened to kill tho children and outrage tho women. Think they would havo burned the town Tuesclay ,if the Sheriff's posse had not arrived. THli POTTKH COMMITTI5K. Beton the Potter Investigating Committee, holding its.sivs.ious at Washington, the counsel of Secretary Sherman offerod as evidence the affiflavit of oné St Martins, who was formerly a Deputy 8ergeant-al-Arms for the oommittee, confessing that he had sworn falnely bef ore the Mub-committrr hist winter, and casting imputatious upon Representativo Steuger in that connection. Tlie committee decided, a ntrict party voc, to return the aftidavit to counsel of SeCretary Sherman, and that said counnel be instrueted to inform Mr. Sherman that St. Martins would be cxaminwl toachioa tho matters embraced in the aftidavit, should Mr. Sherman or any member of the committee so desire. St. Martins' aftidavit is, in substance, that lus appointmont as Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms was procurad by Weber, on eonditiun that he v;ould perform cei-tain service that would provo adyantageous to the Demócrata in the iuvestigation. He says: "Iwas iuduced to leave my home in Donaldsonville, La., by Webor, and interview Democratie members o'f tho committee and contideutial agents of Samuel J. Tildón, A. St Gibaon, .T. H. Maddox, and üeorgo W. Carter. At interviews with the agents (generally I saweach separately) I becamo oonvinced that they desired special service!, and were intervicwing me for the purpose of determining whether I was discreet and reliable, and that their plans might be safely intrusted to me for execution. Maddox revealed the service 1 wa expected to perform: fïrstly, the journey to St. James parish. to subpo?na Armstead, Duncan, and Stoward, but not to serve subpeenas uutil 1 had first ascertained that, when placed upon the stand bofore the committee, thoy could give the testimony desired by Tilden's agents. Seooudly, to secure such te.-stimony, I was authorized to offer a hopo of reward, and the further assuraneo that they would be permitted to return to their homes in Feliciana parish (from whicli they had preyiously been driven), and a guarautee of immunity from molestation in future. Thirdly, the testimony demred from Armstead, Duncan and Steward was a retraerían and denial of the material faets in their exaniination before tlie Returniug Board as to ' rages, intimidation, etc , in Feliciana parish. j From conversations with Armstead and j ard I becanie convinced that they would prove pliant witnesses. I bronght thëm to tho city and took them. to Weber's room. I then reported to Maddox and the oommittee that witnesses were in tho city. Maddox wrote out an affidavit form of the evidence each was ex}i'eted to give before the Potter Committee: I I earried these aftidavits from Maddox to Weber. i These affidavits were road to witnesses, ! and they were promiüod, Duncan $(lü, Armstead #80, and Stoward Sü for uuch testimony. Weber "coaclied"' witnessos by lepeatedly reading to each the testimony expected, and he luruished Stonger with questions to be propounded to the witness and answers witnesses had agreedto give. I earried such lists from Weber to Stenger. In the performance of my duty as Deputy Sergeant-atArms I was placed in p'osBéssion of the snbpo-nas, and in twolve or chirteen rasen, wheije tlie names of wituesses liad b!en furnished by Bepublican counsei Iwas instructed to report persons not found. I was instructed by Stenger, Chairman of the committee, that in cases where witnesses would not furnish the evidenee deaired by the committee, or unfavorablo to the Democracy, to return the subpeunas and report tho persons uot found. During the entiro : session of the committee in tliis city Jladdox, Gibeon and Carter were busy influencing witneases by the use of and offers of money, and , the Chairman of the committee had full k'nowl! edge of this (act Maddox repeatedly told me : Gibson was Tilden's outside agent, and he would secure all the monoy desired from Col. 1 William T. Pelton, of Kew York.'' Iieprej siiitative Stenger omphatically donies the allei gations, says the aftidavit wasprocured by corrupt means, and that afliant in a bigge'r liar than Jim Anderson. .Messrs Carter, Gibson and Maddox al- niake eouuter afiidavits, pronouncing tlie statements of St. Martins false so f ar as relates to tliem.