Liberty-men--leaguers--garrisonians--abolitionisis

There are comparatively few western men or southern men, who have a correct idea of ie differenco of opinión which prevail among hé opponants of slavery. They confounJ the xarrisonians with the Liberty men, and both with the Leaguers, and all with the Abolitionsts who yet act with ihe two great politica' arties. It is desirable that this misapprehenion should be rectified, and we ask the attenion of our readers and especially of our exchanges, to a brief statement intended to remove it. The Liberty men are thosc slavery oppolents who are organized as a politioal party, n half, or more than half the States of this Jnion, raaking the rjuestion of slavery or frcedom paramount to every other question, and aiming to abolish slavery under National and Stato Jurisdiction through the Constitulional action of the Fcdoral and State Governments. Tliis party is represented by the National Erai at Washington, the Emancipator, at Boston, the Herald at Philadelphia, our own paper, ) bere, and raany other papers in different parts j of the country. The members of this party differ araong themsalves, as to the extenr of j the powors of the Nalional Government on the ] subject of slavery ; but tliey all agree in thinking that Government can and sht,uld abolish it in all places wliere it has exclusive jurisdiction, and discourage it elsewhore by example, recommendation, and every legitímate means. They all agree, also, in regarding thii as the primary duty of the Government - not to be postponed to any other - though no other slio'd be neglected. This agreement, in regarning the (]uestion of slavery as of paramount importance, and in determinin; their political action by this consideraron, is the bond of union among Liberty men, and constitutes them a political party. The Garrisonians are the members of the old American Anti-Slavery Society as it existed prior to 1839, and those who concur in sentiment with them. They are called Garrisonians simply because Mr. Garnson is their most distinguished leader These anti-slavery men admit all that the slaveholders claim in gard to the guaranties of slavery in the National Constitution ; and, believing these guarantics to be iniquitous and dishonorable, denounce the Constitution as a "covenant wilh death and an agreement with heil," and demand the immediate dissolution of the Union of the States. They perf'orm, however, no practical measures to effect their object. They refuse to vote or to arm ; and confine themselves to denunciations of slavery and its abettors. This conslitutei a sect rather than a par y, m:J a.ru rrp;vinnloJ Ly tno Tiberutor, at Boston, the Anti Slavery Standard, at NewYork, and three or four other papers. The Leaguers are a body of citizens, who formerly acted with the Liberty party; but becoming dissatisfied with the determination of that party to adopt no other political issue than the single one of slavery or freedom, held a Convention last year in the State of N. York and adopted a new political creed, of nineteen articles, and nominated national candidates supposed to represent thcir ideas. The members of this party hold themselves bound to inves I tigate all political questions, and to carry for ward at the same time and with eqnal steps I all political reforms. - ïhey generally, if not universally, adopt ■ constitutional opinions, precisely the reverse i of those of tho Garrisonians. They hold that i the Constitution of the United States, of its own force, abolished slavery in the Sïates, as well as in the National Territories and jurisdictions ; and that all slaveholding is, at this moment, prohibked by that instrument. They hold that Congress has constitutional power to enforce this construction, and to socure freedom to every person by law. Tliey denouuce the Liberty men because they do not adopt their extreme views, just as the Garrisonians denounce thetn because they do not adopt their opposite extreme views - they denounce them also, because they, not seeiug the practicability of pressing, succe6sfully or advantageously a dozen or twenty distinct issues at once, prefer to make the one regarded by them as most important, paramount to every other. The 1 bany Patriot, at Albuny, and two or three other papers, represent these citizens. The abolitionisU and slavery opponents, who yet act with their old parties, are those who regard the abolition of slavery in the U. States as desirable thing, but. are indisposed to make the slavry question the paramount issue. - Those citizens difFer widely from each other in their views of slavery. Some regard it as a political evil only ; others, as criminal. Some believe thal Congress has power to abolish it throughout the country ; others that the jurisdiction of Congress over the subject ia confi ned to territories ; others demand its abolition in the District and wlierover t can be reaclied. They agree.in thinlung thatthe practical work of lugis'.ative unti-slavery wil! be done by one or the other of the existing parties ; and they rather choose to stay wliere they are than to take independent position. Whig and Democratie anti-slavery papers generally express the views of these citizens. These are the leading dislinctions between the different classes of anti slaveiy men in this country. - Wo purposely abstain from comment. We endcavor to give facts and leave our readers to judge. - j?" There is more truo charity in one kind tear that falls in private life f'or the sorrows and sufForings of others, than in a thousand guineas proudly usliered into the notice of the world, in all the parade of public contribution. tW A woman prosecuted a man at White boro, Oneida county, N Y., for hoving kissed her two years previously! The def'ence was, that the defendant did not kiss her upon the occasion referred to ; and the reason assigned was, that she was cleaning house, and her ugly face was so dirty that he had no stomaoh for the trial ! The jury acquitted him. Ejp Tho persons sentcnced to death in Mexico by Court Martial, whctlier Americans or Mexicana, have been respited by General Butler until further orders. J3?" Honor to whom honor ia due. Meuibcrs of Congrcss to be at the Whig Convcntion. The Philadelphia News says, that rooms liave already been taken for various memberi of Congresa in different parts of the city, who, though not members of the Convention, have yet determined to attend its sitting. If this be for the purpose of gratifying curiosity, the motive is harmless, and even laudable ; but if, as the News suggests, each of these rooms is to bc the nests of political wire-workers, assetnbled for the purpose of hatching the Presidential egg, by means of intrigue, likethat paper, we enter our prote3t agaiiist it. re have no feeling except that of unqualified aversión to plots of tint character, espec.ially when hatched by members of Congress, and tlictated to those whose business it is to make the nominatiiin. We have witnessed, within the last fow years, quite enough of Congressional e tioneering, to sicken ua of it frorn thia time ward. It surely is not the duty of members , of Congress to devote their whole time to', Preident-making, though we are awarc some Í , of them appear to think that the eight dollars per diem wcre given by the Constitution for ( no other purpose but to bear the expenses of ] electioneering trips. When the people vote for a man, they expecthim to stay in his place, and attend to their business ; they do not put him in that place, for any purposes connected with President-making. John Quincy Adarns was a model of a faithful Representativa. He conceived it to lie his duty to be always in his place, and he acted strictly in accordance with this view of the matter. Rain or shine, wet or dry, cold or hot, the venerable statesma'n was liever absenV from the scène of his daily labors. Nothing but the most serious indisposition could deter him from the performance of his duty to his contituents. If' anything affecting their interest camc up, they always knew ïhat he was the re to defend their rights. Snch a representative is wouh his weight in gold, and such, wo are assured, were all, in the days of our fathers. How different from their President making successor ! [Richmond Whie.l We published last week the names of mom)ers of Congrega who were delegates to the democratie Convention. Ten Senators and wenty-ona Repregentatives wore present as lelegates - four 6enators and anjxnumber of epresentativeB were present as lob.y memjers. ïlie following are the names of delegates to he Whig Convention who are members of üongress : Senators. - Truman Smith, of Ct.; John Bell, of Tennessee. Representaties. - W. B. Preston, Va.; T. B. King, Ga.; H. W. Hilliard, AU.; P. W. Tonipkins, Mi., VJ. W. Cocke and J. H.' Crozier, Tenn.; C. B. Smith, Indiana; G. Ashmun, Massachusetts ; E. C. Cabell Florida. Eleven memberg of Congress in all. The uuraber of Congressmen wtio were lobby members may be inferred from the following notice in the National intelligencer of the 7th: " Vocation in Congress. - Neither House of Congress sat jesterday. The House of Representatives met pro forma at 9 o'clock in the morning, and, according to previousdetermination, immediately adjourred over to Friday. One half of the members of both Houses, or nearly, have gone to Philadelphia to attend as SPECTATOKS the WliisT Natior.al Convention, which meets to-day ; and no small number of tho remainder are absent from the city, for a change of scène, until their presence shall bc required for the transaction of business." The Senatfi, in consequence of the state of things growing out of the appointment of the Democratie Convention at Baltimore, adjourned on the 19th of May, (Thursday,) till Monday, when it again met nierely to adjourn over til f Thursday, to allow the hall to be cleansed, professedly, but really to accommodate its rnembers who wished to attend the Convention. Thursday it met but after a short session spent in unimportant business, again adjourned over till Monday, in consequence of the continued absence ofmembers. Here were eiglit days lost. June 5th, the Senate met, but without trans acting any business, adjourned over til Thurs dav, and from Thursdav till Monday again, in consequence of the meeting of the Nationa Whig Convention at Philadelphia. Here was six days lost. The Senate then lost in the aggregate four teen days. owing to the absence of ts mem bers in attondanceon the Whig and Democrat ie Nominating Conventioni, or to the dee interest taken by them in tha action of thos Conventions. The House adjourned on the 20th of Ma (Friday) till Monday, from Monday when met , as a matter of form, till Thursday, when without doingany business, it again adjournec till Friday. On the 6th of June, (Thursday) when ït met at 9 o'clock, to adjourn immediately, till Friday, when, meeting as a matter of form, ït adjoured till Saturday, but soon found itself without a quorum, and was compelled to adjourn till Monday. The mircpssive adjournments were caused by the meeting of the two Conventions, and amount to an ag-gregate of' ten days. We liave the materials before us ; now let us count the cost to the country. The pay of members of Congress is eiglit du'.lars per day. The Senate contains the fifty six members ; the Houso, two hundred and twenty-eight. This is wliat President-nominating, as con ducted by Whigs and Democrats, haa cost tli countrv dirrctly ; but this is a most insignif cant item compared with tbc indirect cost. . is within bounds, we think, to assume that, b the time Congress doses, not less than thirt; days will have been consumed in makin speeches, and setting on foot movements, de signed at one period of the session to advanc the claims of aspirants for the Presidency, anc at a latter period tho chances of regular] nominated candidatos for the office. Bu therc being 281 members on jw.y at the r&! To this amount must be added, tlie exlra salary of the Speaker, compengation for clerks, door-keepers, sergeants-at arras, raessengers, &c, which would doubtless gwell the total cost of President-mongering, as conducted by Con gress, (which is elocted to paii laws, and not mnkfl PrHsidents.i to One Hundred Thousand