Scientific Notes

1 1 ■ . It iá estimated thnt in Michigan in .880, at least 4,585 human being died of preventible diseases. 8uch an unneeeesary waste of life, to say nothng of the Io33 to others who were needlc8sly laid upon beds of sickness, s a strong argument fnr better and more efficiënt sanitary precautions. Comba in exhumed Pompeii exactly the modern fine tooth comba. It is estimated thai, there are 100,000 lunática in France, and 230,000 goat? on the island of' Cyprus. Carmel coa] has been diflcovered in Texas. The Germana have inventerl Morocco paper. The law i n Michigau requires physician? and householdera each to report to health officera or some metnbers of the board of public health all contagión diseasea occurring in their practtce or respective families. Tbe health officer of Detroit is taking steps to render human life in that. city more secure. He is inaisting upon the reporting and restrioting oi contagioua disease?, the regulating of funerala, and the furuishing by hotels of proper meana for escape in cas9 oi firtis. This is a step in the right direction. The backs of chairs or benches should conform to the curvature ol the bpiue. Straight backa to seata are au abomination In addition to being uncomfortable they tend to produce diatortions and diseaneri of the pinai column. A baby will commence walking tarly enough of its own accord. StandiDg or walking, bet'ore the bones are sufficieutly ossified to bear the weight of the body, ia a frequent cause of bow-legs in children. High pillows throw the body into an unnaturalandcoustrained pnsition and are tberefore injurious. Seats for childreu should be low in order to let their feet rest upon the fluor. Tho dauglinü: of au infant's feet is painful, at tinips produative of deformity. Tbe limo in oysíer shells placed on the grate of' a coal fire, by forming a flux with the silicatos of the coal and thus renderiug them rnorefu8Íble,will prevent the formation of'clinkers. Backgamnioii is prubably th'j oil est game in the world, baving been a commou amusement 1,000 years before the christian er. Many b(x f'actories are now supjlied with uail driving machines. It s estimated that one machijie will drive aa niany nails as ten or fifteen nen. A oew method of reproducing pho tographs on china is annouuced. It s said that the uew procesa will oomsletely revolutioiiize thia ari, iuasjiuiíIi as it rtduees the expense toless thau uiie-tvientieth ol the tormer coat. Geographical maps were invented by Anaximander 598 B. C. The guinea derive its naiua írom the fací, that the first gold from whicu guineas were coined was brought írom Guinea, A. D. 1673. They originally bore the stamp of an elephant and were worth thirty shiliings. By au act of parliamentinl717 their valué was reduced to twenty-one shilliugs. A cbauge of work is often beneficia i. Itbringd iuto exereiso a f'resh set of muecles and gives the wearied ones a rest. The erecl positiou in sitting or standing íh healthful, inasniuch as all the nrgans re then in their natural couditíon. The eonsfained and torced distortion talled 'Grecian bend" (-outracted tho chtst, chauged the shape of the spine, and was one of the most unhealthy postores ever devised. Bhoe8 should have broad heel pieces and sules. The narrow htels bo frequently seen strain the anklee, render the gait unsteady and graceless, and are often iustrumeutal in the production of bunions and ooms. Bedding ought always to be airei. af'ter a night's use. By thif proced ure the effete matterstrom the system will be removed and tho articles cleansed trom their polluting effects. For a similar reason clotbes presses should be well ventilated, and al garments, alter being woro, should be for some time exposed to the air. Five per cent of the railroad men examined in Brussels were dischargec for color blindness more or less oom plete. The United Slatts coutains 12,000 deutiats who annually extract about 20,000,000 teeth and manufacture auf insert upwarcls of 3,000,000 artificial ones. They also use in filliug oavi ties over three tons of gold, to say notbinji of the naeroqry, tin and sil ver. Ötatistics issued by Dr. Buchanau medical oflSoer of the London, Epgland, government board, show that among the uuvaccinated adults the death rate trom small pox is 3,350 per million, whilfl among the vacci nated it, Í3 only 90 to n million. In ohildren the difference isstill greater. With tboee, of the vaccinated 40i,and of the unvaccinated 5,950 per niiiliou die of this most loathsome disease. Leeches were first used by Themison in the year 30 B. C. Aristoile, 384 B. C, named the aorta. The name is derived from a Greek verb signifying I am suspended, as he supposed it was suspended from the heart Clothhig should hang from the shoulders. The constriction of the abdomen so frequent.ly seen is prejudicial to health. Living in au overheated room renders the body more seusitive to change and increasts the liability to colds. The moi8ture is also abstracted irom the skin and this left. dry, harsh and incapable óf performing its function properly. Breathing through the nostrils filters the impurities i'rom the air and removes the chili prior to ita coming in contact, with the tender, mucous surfaces of the larynx, brouchial tubes and Iubjís, A person while returning from an entertainment on a winter's uight may protect his larynx and bronchial tubes by the avoidance of talking. This is e&pecially true of a public speaker or singer whose vocal chords are infiamed and sensitive from use. Persons who keep their inouths shut and avoid talkiug are not apt to take cold.