Farm And Garden

In tlie noeoaipanying sketches fiom Amerioan Gardeniug A represents a young perenuial plant at the beginuinj of its first winter in the open grooud. The liue d nwy represent a substance that serves as a w i.jtor p-oteefcon to t-h yoi dg plrnili lie tlmt snbetauce snow or some cover suppüod aitificiaüy. If the cover be snow, Uiüt is the most perfect of all substances for plant prorectiou. Covered continuou.sly from tlie first fall of the feathery substance after su turner until it clears uway the followinR sprinsj or early snmmer, the root comes tbronph saffly, defying tiie sevcrest oold. But in sectious providcd with nowiuteroovering except suow vat varying periods how is the hardy plant here placed in jcopardy? This ia shown by B and C, which sot forth the process of plant injnry by the heaviug of the soil. Heaving of the soil refera to its expansión by freeziug. Heaving is especially injurióos whoii, nnruodified by the presence of a protecting coat to the plant, it is frequently rep eared as the surface freezes auil thaws, expands and contracts. In the figure B is supposed to show how the soil and plautof A is raised by the soil's freeziug. The result js that in the case of a young plaut all the roots are raised somewhat, as here shown. With thavviifg out the soil contracts - that is, settles back - and the plaut cannot always go back with it beeause the lower ends of the roota may be held like a vise by the lower straturn of frozen earth, vrhich continúes frozen although the snrface thaws and freezes repeatedly. Without taking time to explain every detail of the process the faot rcniaius that ïnany a young plant which the autumn flnds in the shape of A will, without winter protectiou, be seen the following spring to stand considerably above the surfaoe, as shown in C. In many cases death in the roots follows. And so it is that the plant that wonld thrive in Siberia does not stand one mild winter in New York. The reinedy has already been suggested. In latitudes where reliauce cannot be placed on snow a substituto inust be provided. For this, according to the autbority quoted, there is nothiug better than a winter coat of raanure, which not only protects from frost, but snpplies fertility at the same time. Iu the garden this is easily done. Toss over the cultivated borders of hardy plants in November and apply a forkful or two of stáble mannre - let d iu sketch A represent this - over each hardy plant or bulb thereof. Baled Cornstalks, A writer in The Rural New Yorker says on the subject of a niarket for corn hay, clover hay and straw: Corn hay or baled cornstalks shredded is not quoted iu auy of the eastern markets. It has been, however, quoted in the western markets, and last winter sold at Ciucinnati at from $9 to $1 1 per ton. Idonot believe that amarket could be made for this kind of fodder among any of the eastern consuming poiuts. Wè do not think that the demand for pure clover hay has increased to auy extent for the past few years. The demand for No. 1 and choice clover mixed has increased tosomeextent. These are used firincipally for the feeding of cows, although many of the largo transfer coinpanies use them quite extensively. There is not the demand, however, that there used to be before the horse cars were superseded by electricity, etc. Peat rooss has made no difference whatever iu the sale of straw for bedding purposes. Most of tbo peat moss used for that purpose is imported from Europe in very small qnautities. Most of it is used for packiug purposes ou board ship, and on arrival it is gathored together and disposed of to private parties. Considerable of that used in the New England cities ia iruported frora the marithue provinces and has but little, if any, effect on the salo of straw. On account of the scarcify of clover hay this year higber prices thau prevailed last season will uo doubt obtain the coming season. It is iu fairly good and active deraand in the New York markets at present. Side DitcH Entrañóos. The Orange Jndd Farmer says: A large outlet ditoh or canal is easily I jured by tho deposition of silt from the mouths of lateruis, whether open es or tile. Not ouly is the fall of the ditoh injured by the earth, but weeds grow readily when the ditch is empty and net aa uets to catch much refusa material daring high water which would otherwise b3 washed out. To prevent washing from tile latenils inclose the last half dozen or dozen tile in a rectangular box made of bo;irds whioh correspoud in width to the outsirle diamnier of the tile A similar arrangement can be used foropen diteh lateral. "i hfse board boxea will last fur a nurnber of years if made of hard wood. It ia ipuch easierand clieaper toreplace tliem ti ui it is to clean out the niain ditch.