"maker Of Victory."

Prof. Sloane's life of Napoleon reaches, in a recent number of the Century, the beginning of the campaign in Italy. Of the gradfather of the late president of France Prof. Sloane writes: It was as a substitute for this dangerous visionary (Abbe Sieyes) that Carnot was made a director. He was now in his 43d year and at the height of his powers. In him was embodied all that was moderate and sound, consequently all that was enduring, in the Frenen revolution; he was a thorough scholar, and his treatise on the metaphysics of the calculus forms an important chapter in the history of mathematical physics. As an officer in the engineers he had attained the highest distinction, while as minister of war he had shown himself an organizer strategist of the first order. But his highest aim was to be a model French citizen. In his family relations as son, husband, and father, he was held by his neighbors to be a pattern; in his public life he strove with equal sincerity of purpose to illustrate the highest ideáis of the eighteenth century. Such was the ardor of his republicanism that no man nor party in France was so repugnant but that he would use either one or both, if necessary, for his country's welfare, although he was like Chatham in his lofty scorn for parties. To him as a patriot, fore, France, as against the outer world, was first, no matter what her government might be; but tht France he yearned for was a land reenerated by the gospel of humanity, awakened to the highest activity by the equality of all before the law, refined by that selfabnegation of every man which makes all men brothers, and destroys the menace of the law. And yet he was no dreamer. While a member of the national assembly he had displayed such practical common sense in his chosen field of military science, that in 1793 he was intrusted by the committee of public safety with the control of the war. The standard of rank and fjmmand was no longer birth, nor seniority, nor influence, but merit. The wild and ignorant hordes of men which the conscription law had brought into the field were something hitherto unknown in Europe. It was Carnot who organized, clothed, fed, and drilled them. It was he who devised the new tactics and evolved the new and comprehensive plans which made his fourteen armies the power they became. It was in Carnot's administration that the young generáis first carne to the fore. It was by his favor that almost every man oí that galaxy of modern warriors, who so long dazzled Europe by their feats of arms, first appeared as a candidate for advancement. Moreau, Macdonald, Jourdan, Bernadotte, Kleber, Mortier, Ney, Pichegru, Desaix, Berthier, Angereau, and Bonaparte himself- each one of these was the product of Carnot's system. He was the creator of the armies which for a time made all Europe tributary to France. Throughout an epoch which laid bare the meanness of most natures, his character was smirched. He began life under the anclent regime by writing and publishing a eulogy on Vauban, who had been disgraced for his plain speaking to Louis XIV. When called to a share in the government he was the advocate of a strong nationality, of a just administration within, and of a fearless front to the world. While minister of war he on one occasion actually left his post and hastened to Maubeuge, where defeat was threatening Jourdan; vised and put into operation a new pian; led in person the victorious assault, and then returned to Paris to inspire the country and the army with news of the victory; all this he did as if it ■were commonplace duty, without advertising himself by parade or ceremony. Even Robespierre had trembled before nis biting irony, and yet dared not, as he wished, include him among his victims. After the events of Thermidor, when it was proposed to execute all those who had authorized the bloody deeds of the Terror, excepting Carnot, he prevented the sweeping measure by standing in his place to say that he too, had acted with the rest, had shared with them the conviction that the country could not otherwise be saved, and that therefore he must share their 'fate. In the milder light of the new constitution the dark blot on his record thus frankly confessed grew less repulsive as the continued dignity and sincerity of his nature asserted themselves in a tolerance which he believed to be as needful now as ruthless severity once had been. For a year the glory of French arms had been eclipsed; his dominant idea was first to restore their splendor, then to make peace with honor, anti give the new Ufe of his country an opportunity for cxpansion in a mild and firm administration of the new laws. If he had been dictator in the crisis, no doubt his plan, arduous as was the task, -"Istfit have been realized; but, witn j_,etourneur, in a minority of two, against an unprincipled adventurer leading two bigots, It was hopeless to secure the executive unity necessary for success.