European Arbitration

Just a "'any nope is gooil cnougli to haag a dog witih," bo la the past iiiiy aause lias been gaod enougli for waT. Chronic international ñatreds aiul iealo-diies made itlie natiions ripe t-0 iglú for ianagi'nary injuries or advautag-es as readily as J;or real ones. Tiius a spirit oí conteanpt and aninasaty tcwards foreigmers was enrouaged by ruier so ttuat tliey mSght iiLj.e eaiiüly exei'te the people to war frenzy wflienever tiliey desire it. The pati'ilJ'tism aulfl genius oí poets were enlltóbed on the same side. A .117 ago tlue meirceniary pon oi DiWiQ íi"ed the Naivy t inei'edible berodfam He ílattered every prejudíee and falible of our eimple-minded Hare. Nat a íorecastle trat í'aeg ■n-tiltlh. Ms somgs : '"Wuüe English bosoms boast Eoglish liearts, Well tip 'em all round a touch: While witti rduur eaoh starts that uothiog can quench, We'll bang the Spaniards, belabour the Dutch, And block up and laagh at the Freoch. Kow the French whlle iu harbour so snug aud so sly, 'Bout their courage they make a fine rout; f they'd have the whole world not believe it a lie .,■ Theu, damme, why dou't they come out.' Oí Nelson. lie wnote : Soyou see thediapatches-aseasilystow'l,- ' fwas uo use with a hist'ry to cliauge 'em ; He'd occasion for only theold-fashion mode,- Takeu, burnt, and destroyed, as per marjum." Thus, with one of his precious limbs shot nway, Bold Nelsou know'd well liow to uick em; So as íor the French, 'tis as mueli as lo saj ,- vVe can lie up one hand and then lick 'em. Xext tihB courit'i-y coini'es iln íotr a sbai'e : 'Then of Ktgland, that wonderful country BiDg, Where we've tiioiHauds of joy if we ueed Mild iaws luat proteot us. a Protestant Klng. Loveiy wonieu, gro, blscult, aud I'reedoui,' AViiien D.lbdiu dwd in 1814, Beraaigei was bweaty-fuur, amd had ali'eady made hiianaell a iiarue. An carnes and truc j)D3t, he was contant to boa opiniioas nuil was ly free trom vemalilfcy and eervüity. liux from puirer moioüves iiie dij for the 1'rtnclL axmy ntueh the eanie that DAtxliin. had done the Englteh uavy. Tlite Frenen. Anacireon, wha Bang so swedtly i love, also tuinied !its lyre to war, amd, wilüiii tbose wiltty. sarcasme whaoh the Frencli boi appreciilate. animateü thie hatred oi his couultry against iite old aristocracy, aiwl againiS foreilgners. Thie opera of "Clharles VI.," by Halevy, brough.t out ün. 1S43, coiitaikis a song by Casimir and Germain Delavigue : "La Pnance a Phorreur Üu servage, Bt si graad qui soit Ie danger, Plus graad encoré est sou courage, Quand 11 faut chiasser l'etramger, etc." The ch'orus ie intensely and a-musingly Gallóle : "Guerre aux tyramis ! Jamáis, íama-jis en France, (bis) Jamais l'Anglaiis ae regnera. (biis) Ivon, non, nou jaiaafe, non, Jamais, en France, JamaJB rAnglaia me regnera, Non !" Thus fi'oim aige to a;ge, from Homer to Tennyson, one oí thie two grand thiemes of poete, gnea.t an'd email, bave been men andJ deeds oí war. The ST'eet-vc:teid, calm-eyed muse oí Peaoe bas been seWom heard amild the fanfane of trumpe'bs an'd the roll oi drum. Peace lias been despised. Men oí peace have been, classed wttb women anld cowards. "We, to-day, tüie gi-eatest of all manufacturl'ng and ocwnïnercia] peoples uin: have cxLsted, lo all we oan to ma.ke war aitractlYe. We bedJaem Oar meaoest soldiere WilBh gauidy apparel, cover Une l"on.sití ol theSr r!r i itaxe and orders, altHDugih wopay all L3 [rom uu' begüuntos and aegleot Uu-m aftcr yaars o[ fa-ïthful eervlce. Tlie eoldioi-s of peace, liowevci-, llie ■ ands and file' of imdusbry, are lar miore megleeted ; tüie héroes oí bcíence are ieebly reoQgdïed aiul scant;.y I by aar rular AJÍ lLoweve", win aetowxwledfee that the ultímate liappiiiess oí ínanlciiud must dcp'Biid upüii th.e uiuvei-sul vule oi L)t ace. The abolUion of war is daily beooming m:irc and more a vi.tal necessïty bo clvilizationi. Tra de shrinks and witters attho mere wliispOr of war. Táo iadastrüal avmies ol Bui-oipe canmot be grouad down mach to mainltaiin vlio costly .1 uaniizatteais of desu-uction. One man out of every ÏLve ii3 witiiidrawn inoni the producers, and beeomeS a nioai-prcuducier at tllie coist oï tlie other foar. Iï ttua tf-elve millionis oi Eunoipe. "thO miosit ïxJbuat, the most energetJc. and tibie beat traiaed," W'lno i.i-e taken ii'ota tlie ïieldts and the wartolhaps to leamn liow to k'.ll and to destnoy skilfully, oould be restored to t.he ranks ol la bot:-, amd permitte to leoome husíbanids aad fabhers, perliaps we öhiwuld nat have sta-rvúng romen in Lcwidon niakiiug shirts ïor se-Meupence a dozen, nor eo many iallsn sissers pactag lts wary streets. Xt is ao easy miatter, bwwever, to AbDïUbi cuBtoms wliiicli are coeva! svitli the ■whole exïsfcenice dl nia.n.kiind, iind wliic.il were doubtlessly aerïved fueran -their beast-likO ancestors. li-uni the times wheaj mem icmglit ■wiUi fanes and clawsi w th preaent, war lias been. mone or lesa t.lieir norm-al ooniditton. But ttne m they becoaie mea tibe fartJier ttiey receide f 3 in tlie prooesses oí brntes. The recent restrictions on war, and the hiamanlty ntnodiucied imba it, are auguries oí a time wnecu llb will be rauked -svith, cannibalisani and ofcluer oatrages upon our race. Aiud, tha question wnltoh canceons us aow is, by laat metïuods may it moet rapiidly amid miogt efiedtdvely ha mad ünipraoticable ? Jiisarmamemt kas bean pnopoeed by many oritics. This appears to aifer insuperable aifíiculties. Wlücili are the powors that nhauld d'isann, and to wtat extemit, and --lio ■sMiai take tlie inltiative '.' "What guaiiantees can tiuere be tliat any agreement on tbe matter wauld be ïespeated by all paröies ? Religión could once enfovce "Th ïrnce of God," and the ewaiá íop a taime rusted ïn lts shieatli. Eut tliö povrer oif the Popes a:nd tlie fcuroes of superstir tiön have been braken. To wbat iev powers oan we appeal ? There are only three : th ■i'owiing necessüty of unreatrictJöd imteroliange of natóanal praducttons, tlhe tncneaBg sentiment of ttoe brothertiood oi men, an'd ttie wiilening sense oí Justiiee. UiixJierbiood and Juifce ! should be ttlie new watchwoCids of the peoples, and tthen wars and ather oppressions will more epeedily decrease. IL all oouintii'iies wenO In the same state oi civilizatioa, op iï civilizatüons did nat cointiain laffge propoi-"tüioins oi the uncirvUized, complete di-araiameint migiüt, thieocetically, ake place. Bu in mueli ofl th wiO'"ld ncthimg short of t'he fear of mUlíttury cha-sti&emant cao represa the tu'i-lmletnt and prediatcwy instincts tliat are always ready t burst forth. in Lioodon alona we itave üity thousaaid regula-r thiievies, besldes O'ther savages, aouti bat Lor omr Boldiiers it milgihlt bb sacked at aaiy momenit. 60 long as iorce thratEin3 any coonniunity, fo-rce urast be provided wlierew-Uli to meet it. The worst war Is preierable to aniarohy. To euppO'ie tlhat war can ceaaa all oveir the wüi-ld is aa idle dreain. The imperfect development o-f social ovder ia t.he greaitor part oí it, maks tuniversal ain impossibiUty. .XL-verthcless t'he greatest powers could easily deteinnne, tíhiould they desiire it. to1 resort to a Buropean üoiuirt o Arbitraitjlon., iintead: of eettlimg 'tlieir disputee by ruiimous wars. LNor iü is ttoose who havO most to lose who shoiuld be tba keenest In iaror of peaoe. Andi if thiey were omce ariLestly anid loyally to agrea to arbLtratdon, tihie lesser p'Owers would be oonstnaimed to f olio w tunean, and by d'egrees dteaTmamenlfc would take place maturally and spomtaaeously. If FTBinoe, Gerinauy, Austiriiia, Bubküi the ü(ntteid States England would but take common action on thiis pont, it would BufficO fon the whcle world. An laternationa Öourt of ArbitraJtfiioin; establtóSielc amioing amd for tihcmselvies worul eieiutiually becoonie' a Court oí Jus tice fcr the rest. Interniatdioaial law already exist and wo'uld be added to and ianpro'VHïd, and beeome identüie wltSh iinteiTDiati'O'nal mioirality. A prese-nt t(hO w-h'Ole Jield is ome of un certaiaxty and ecrajecture. But new and large claas ol internation al lawyers wo'uld arise, meia of wid research and equilbable views, t,o gest, formúlate, aod ple&d ttus rules oí the science -which is destined feo give peaoe to tllie ttatitans. As in oirdinary courts of la-w, the atoles anidi most pnofounul pleaders should succeed he jiwlges oí the Internatiiiomal Tribunal, anti decide by tbie passiionless laws oi quiilty, aliike free irotn diplomatic chianery auld political heat. Ttue lort-y stanldard oí justice taiiht by initeriiiatiional lawyers Irotm Grous down to thiis day, has tveerí largey ilaeffectÈve becaaise causes liave al■mays been d'ecidied by statesmen tasteaid of by profes&iional judges. Proessor Shel'don Amos eaiiü of the Ar■bfcnatdion at Genera uoidierthe Treaty of Washimgtan, tdiat ifc "has been a gcod deal m.arred by flie ixatdtonal party ïeelilng by which eorae oí the ai'bütnatiors were agiifcated, and iroin whiïch a permaneotly constituted Couirt of Just'Lce miglut (ií it cernid be lo'uind at all) be expected to be, modei'ately esempl." Other oauses, toio, liiive con'trübuted to tfhlB and Bimilar resul ts. The canoins of rjgjh. and wrong dditer ini diifereet ooumtriies owing to opposite. usages. But eiquilty is buperiioir to usage, and thie proposied donut, A:h:ch would be a Supreme Oourt ot Justdce for t!he -vorld, would be essentilally a ooiurfc of oquilty. At present there is ruo canon of rilght and wrong; to deternDlïiB when ilt is1 tüíia'ble lo go to war, or wdüefclier ajiy gjren war te jusb or unjust, alfeliougli t'lie mioat; wanloa bellifcjerent always feels oompelled to ofíer a pretence oí juslUieaUíou for breaking the peace. JBait & E-umopean Oourt o{ Arbitration would make tüe laws as well as: the Jiiügnien'ts. llany oamses oí war are dyibg oui ani'ung states cf equal civilimtio'ii. Keligious toleration, jree trade, colooilal iadependence, a "wider ditííaaioa of knowlee, freer communícation, aod tlie diecreasfeig iaüuence oí royaltiiiea and aristocraciies, are i-enöeniinig oibsolete ttie most notable causee oí waa-s áa past tilmes. AnÜ wh-eu the sufírage is Oxteadedi to womea as to meu, tnieiir vota foir peace svill be so uaanitnous and so poweríul thia'l no constitutioual govetmment will be aTile t)o Oxiisb uoless its policy j be loe arbcltratitoin as a p reven tuve j against vra,v .