Ann Arbor is well-known for its role in bringing national attention to the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970. Students at the University of Michigan held a “Teach-In on the Environment” that drew over 50,000 people. Activists led a Huron River Walk to protest pollution and industrial waste being dumped into the river. These and other nationwide efforts led to the passage of the amended Clean Water Act.

A decade later, Ann Arbor residents gathered to observe the tenth anniversary of Earth Day. The event was much smaller than in 1970, but it started a local movement that has become a cherished Ann Arbor tradition: the annual celebration of Huron River Day.

Two local activists, Eunice Burns and Shirley Axon, used the momentum of the 1980 Earth Day activities to form the Huron River Community Coalition. The Coalition called for a “Huron River Day” to highlight the river’s role in the local ecosystem and promote public awareness of conservation efforts. 

With a watershed covering 900 square miles, seven counties, and 73 communities, the 125-mile length of the Huron River is a massive natural feature of southeast Michigan. It is also a huge area for possible contamination to occur. Many Ann Arbor residents did not know that the Huron River was a source of drinking water for the city. Yet as late as 1987, fourteen municipal sewage treatment plans emptied into the Huron or its tributaries.

Axon was a member of the American Association of University Women, which had begun studying the Huron River in the late 1970s. Burns, a former Ann Arbor city council member, brought her leadership and organizing skills to the table. The Huron River Community Coalition’s goal was “to make people aware of how individual and collective actions affect the river and to educate and inform individuals of steps each can take to improve and maintain the water quality and aesthetic value of the river."

Residents of Ann Arbor celebrated the first Huron River Day on July 5, 1980. The event’s focal point was Gallup Park, but sponsored activities stretched from Argo Park near the Broadway Bridge all the way to Geddes Dam. Popular activities in the early 1980s included picnicking, fishing, swimming, canoeing lessons, walking tours, bicycle maintenance workshops, free balloons, and a “Taking of the Bridge” reenactment by a local medieval theater group called the Society for Creative Anachronism. (Unfortunately AADL archivists did not find photographs of the bridge battle, but here’s a great selection of other reenactments!) 

For forty-four years since that day, Ann Arbor has continued to observe Huron River Day. In the first decade, the event grew from a city-wide celebration to include twenty other communities along the river. Every few years a new event or sponsorship brought greater awareness to the mission of protecting the Huron River.

In 1982, participants in Huron River Day saw the dedication of 3 ¼ miles of trail as part of the National Recreation Trail System. This section of Gallup Park became the first recreational trail in Ann Arbor to be recognized by the National Park Service.

In the same year, two new events made their debut on Huron River Day. The first annual “Gallup Gallop” drew over 60 runners to 2.6-mile and 1.3-mile courses in men’s and women’s categories. The race was sponsored by the Huron River Community Coalition and the City of Ann Arbor Department of Parks and Recreation. Another popular activity was the Youth Fishing Derby. Winners had their name published in the Ann Arbor News.

The construction of the Gallup Park Canoe Livery in 1984 prevented residents from holding Huron River Day that year. However, the new canoe livery–complementing the existing rental facility at Argo Park–increased recreational access to the river. Paddlers could now enjoy a one-way trip with shuttling available between the two locations, or a leisurely paddle around Gallup Pond.

Seven years after the event’s founding, Huron River Day became Huron River Week. Jim Murray, Washtenaw County Drain Commissioner, got in touch with other communities interested in expanding the impact of Huron River Day. In July of 1987, the Ann Arbor News published dozens of articles in honor of Huron River Week. Features included a map detailing the Huron River watershed and key facts about human impacts on the river; a spotlight on field research about the endangered purple pimpleback mussel; and a five-year plan to implement the Huron River Pollution Abatement Project, including surveying water quality via sampling of storm drain and dye-testing.

The late 1980s also brought the debut of one of the most popular features of Huron River Day: the Ann Arbor News Canoe Races. By 1988, the canoe races included two-, four-, and eight-mile races, a corporate race and a race for disabled canoeists. Age categories ranged from 10+ to over 40. All participants received a t-shirt with their $5 registration, and winners received an 18-inch lacquered canoe paddle.

Another Ann Arbor News-sponsored race that made a big splash was the Community Cup Mayor’s Race. The event featured mayors, city council members, and city officials who set aside political differences to partner in the canoe race against teams from competing cities. In 1987, Republican mayor Jerry Jernigan and Democratic mayor pro tem Larry Hunter got in a canoe together to race against 11 other teams. In 1991, Mayor Liz Brater and city council member (and future mayor) Ingrid Sheldon also crossed the aisle to team up. Proceeds went to the Ann Arbor Parks & Recreation Scholarship Fund. 

During the 1990s, the decades-long positive impact of Huron River Day brought a wave of new awareness to conservation efforts. Volunteers joined efforts to study insects, fish, and other wildlife along the river. In 1993, sixty experts participated in an eight-day trip down the 125-mile length of the Huron River. Dubbed “Huron Riverfest,” the expedition allowed scientists to study water quality and the impacts of development throughout the watershed. The year of 1995 was designated “The Year of the River” in Michigan and the Huron River was named “Michigan’s Cleanest Urban River.”

Huron River Watershed Council, founded in 1965, has been a longtime sponsor of Huron River Day. In addition to raising awareness about environmental impacts along the river’s 900-square-mile watershed, the organization’s volunteer programs have collected a huge amount of scientific data. Beginning in 1992, a program called River Roundups started sampling dozens of locations for benthic macroinvertebrates, an important indicator of water quality. A decade later, the Chemistry and Flow program started seasonal water monitoring via sampling and flow measurements.

In 2015 the Huron River was designated a National Water Trail, notable for its 104 miles of accessible inland paddling amidst a largely urban region. According to the National Park Service, the Huron River watershed “contains two-thirds of all public recreational land in an area of 5.5 million people.” It is the only waterway in southeast Michigan with a true “Up North” feel.

This year’s Huron River Day takes place on Sunday, May 19th at Island Park. The day’s activities are sponsored by the Huron River Watershed Council, with support from Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner, Washtenaw County Parks and Recreation, and the City of Ann Arbor. On whatever day you read this, here’s a reminder to get outside and enjoy the resources, wildlife, and natural beauty brought to Ann Arbor by the Huron River!

Seven hours and 39 minutes. Just shy of a standard work day. That’s how long 19-year-old Marty Sinn spent in 54 degree water in 1963. Of the initial 37 swimmers all but 10 dropped out, unable or unwilling to complete the 15 mile marathon swim in Lake Ontario. Marty’s endurance earned her international attention and a $4,000 prize as the only woman to finish and second overall.

SWIMMING TO SUCCESS

Marty’s time as a professional swimmer was short-lived, but highly acclaimed. Prior to her icy finish in Lake Ontario she had placed fifth overall and first in the women’s field at the same race the previous year. She finished sixth in the Atlantic City Around-the-Island Swim in 1963, which looped 26 miles around Absecon Island, New Jersey. Then in 1964 she set a course record there after coming in seventh overall and first for the women. In 1963 she traveled abroad to compete in Egypt, where she finished the 25-mile Suez Canal marathon. 

Until Marty's arrival, the leading female long-distance swimmer was Greta Anderson. Anderson set multiple world records in marathon swimming and earned a gold medal for the 100m freestyle and silver for the 4x100m freestyle relay at the 1948 London olympics. By 1964 Marty had bested her three of the four races they competed in.

It is worth taking a moment to imagine what it means to be an open-water marathon swimmer. Contests are upwards of 15 miles in length and usually require spending at least 6 hours in the water. Swimmers’ skin turns pruny, their eyes and mouth and nose fill with water, sometimes salty, they battle currents, wake, waves, seaweed, and sea creatures. Most people would struggle just to stay afloat, let alone keep swimming in one direction while being knocked about by current. It’s easy to see why Marty was called a mermaid. 

ANN ARBOR SWIM CLUB

Marty was raised in Ann Arbor and stayed in town to study art at the University of Michigan. Her swimming strength was cultivated during her youth spent in the all-girls Ann Arbor Swim Club and summers at Camp Ak-O-Mak. Both were run by local couple and University of Michigan graduates Rose Mary and Buck Dawson. The club was formed in 1956 after some of the camp's attendees who were taught to swim by Rose Mary expressed interest in a competitive outlet to further hone and test their skills. Its founding came 16 years before Title IX codified girl's right to participate in sports, but the demand was clear. In its first year the club consisted of around 60 girls from local middle and high schools.

Rose Mary was a champion for female athletics. In the swimming off-season she led water polo training, eventually coordinating tournaments, and revived American Athletic Union (AAU) women’s water polo. AAU was the predecessor to USA Swimming. Two years after founding the Ann Arbor Swim Club she established a women’s competitive swimming program at the University of Michigan. Then, she helped create the first women’s National Collegiate Swimming and Diving Championship held in 1962. 

In the Ann Arbor Swim Club’s first eight years, under the direction of the Dawsons, the group won six Michigan AAU team championships, placed second in the AAU nationals in 1961, and won two water polo titles. On the individual level, the Dawsons coached 17 All-Americans and 23 National Junior Champions in Ann Arbor. 

Apart from all of its accolades, the club provided structure and opportunities for girls to understand, increase, and showcase their strength. The Dawsons left Ann Arbor in 1963 after accepting positions to coach and manage a city swim team in London, Ontario. Two of their former students continued their legacy by taking over the club after their departure. 

The Dawsons’ abundant coaching victories followed the legacy of Rose Mary’s father, Matt Mann, who founded Camp Ak-O-Mak and who was responsible for the national prominence of the University of Michigan men’s swimming team. Beginning in 1925, his nearly 30 years as coach brought the team 16 Big Ten championships and 13 national championships. Amid these wins he also coached the U.S. men’s Olympic swim team in 1952, which netted the country 9 medals. Before it was called the the Cliff Keen Arena, the University of Michigan's athletic building at 616 E Hoover Ave housed a pool from 1956 to 1988 that was named for Matt Mann. 

PUBLICITY

Marathon swimming is not a well-known sport or full of household names. Marty earned national media attention, including features in Life Magazine and Sports Illustrated. Based on the coverage she received, Marty’s prominence in the media was predicated not only on her tremendous stamina, but her novelty as a female athlete. 

Nearly every article emphasized her appearance in almost equal standing with her fortitude. Sports Illustrated’s 1964 profile began, “Professional long-distance swimmers come in many shapes, but Mary Martha Sinn's is the best.” The author then tells the “legend” of her dating life – an almost certainly apocryphal tale of her 56 dates with 56 different boys in her first 56 days at college. She tried her best to deflect attention, saying, “I don't want to make my private life a spectator sport, too."

Professional sports are largely funded through sponsorships and advertising. The greater the audience, the more money the sport can earn. In 2021, NCAA rule changes allowed collegiate athletes to sign name, image, and likeness deals. For the first time collegiate athletes were qualified to earn income from endorsement deals. This change laid bare that for young, female athletes, the easiest way to attract advertisers may still be through emphasizing their appearance.

Buck Dawson seems to have recognized this. As the Executive Director of the International Swimming Hall of Fame he wrote to a fellow board member in 1971, “We are training a marathon swimmer to re-inject some glamour into the races this summer. She is a Greek girl (Greek father, American mother), beautiful, determined, and I think we finally have ourselves another Marty Sinn” [emphasis added]. This “Greek girl” was Diana Nyad, the swimmer who was the focus of the 2023 feature film Nyad.

Comparing the newest up and comer’s beauty and glamor to Marty acknowledges that, planned or not, the attention to Marty’s looks ultimately helped bring greater awareness to the sport. It was a tactic worth replicating.

THE ULTIMATE PRIZE

Throughout the hoopla around her success, Marty repeatedly told reporters that professional swimming was a means to an end. She told Sports Illustrated, "Swimming is just part of my life. A fifth. I have other interests." The money she earned was put toward studying abroad. By the end of 1963 she had won almost $10,000, which helped fund her art studies in Mexico City and Rome.

An article from the Ann Arbor News describes her two shared passions, “Tagging along with her swimming ambitions is a long standing and strong attraction for art which started when she was five years old. Each time she returns from a swimming meet, she brings home exquisitely rendered watercolors, oils or charcoals depicting impressions along the way.” 

When asked in 2006 about taking part in sports before the advent of Title IX the now Marty Sinn Catalano said, “being involved in the beginning stages of the larger women’s sports movement was a unique privilege… We were breaking new ground as female athletes and it was a grand adventure." Her wins helped her travel the world and expand her education.

Determined and focused despite it all, Marty stuck to her word and her career in swimming ended soon after it began. Back in 1964 she said, "I'm a little critical of people who train so intensely—they become machines instead of people, they become masochists. I just don't believe in it. It's detrimental to your character later, naturally, and to the sport, too. Obsessions can become vicious. You get so wrapped up, you lose perspective." She never let swimming define her, allowing her to continue to enjoy it as a hobby. In a 2020 podcast interview Marty said, “I love swimming. To this day I’m a lap swimmer.”