UMS Concert Program, April 20, 21, 22, 23, 1968: The Seventy-fifth Ann Arbor May Festival -- The Philadelphia Orchestra

Season: Eighty-ninth
Concert: FIFTH
Hill Auditorium

The 75th ANN ARBOR
1968
UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
1879
Clqlttu-nintlt
UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
of The University of Michigan
The Seventy-Fifth
ANN ARBOR
MAY FESTIVAL
Five Concerts
April 20, 21, 22, 23, 1968 Hill Auditorium
Published by the University Musical Society, Ann Arbor, Michigan
CONTENTS
Page Robben W. Fleming (photograph) ................................. 4
University Musical Society, Board of Directors.................. 5
First May Festival, 1894 (photograph) ............................ 6
1967 May Festival (photograph) .................................. 6
Performing Artists ............................................. 7
Concert Programs............................................... 9
Annotations
First Concert .................................................. 17
Second Concert ................................................ 25
Third Concert ................................................. 36
Fourth Concert ................................................ 46
Fifth Concert.................................................. 52
Notes on the Philadelphia Orchestra and May Festival Artists....................................................... 59
Organizations -Personnel
The University Choral Union .................................... 64
The Philadelphia Orchestra ...................................... 66
History, and Resume of Artists and Repertoire
The University Musical Society .................................. 67
The Ann Arbor May Festival..................................... 69
Seventy-five-year Resume ....................................... 70
Choral Union Repertoire ........................................ 99
Festival Youth Chorus ..........................................101
International Presentations for the 1968-69 Season .............103
ROBBEN W. FLEMING
President, The University of Michigan
Member of the Board of Directors,
The University Musical Society
THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
Board of Directors
Charles A. Sink, A.B., M.Ed., LL.D., HH.D.........President
Erich A. Walter, A.M...........................Secretary
Oscar A. Eberbach, A.B...........................Treasurer
Roscoe O. Bonisteel, LL.B., LL.D., Sc.D.
Assistant Secretary-Treasurer
James R. Breakey, Jr., A.M., LL.B., LL.D. Robben W. Fleming, B.A., LL.B. Harlan Hatcher, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D. Thor Johnson, M.Mus., Mus.D. Wilbur K. Pierpont, M.B.A., Ph.D. E. Blythe Stason, A.B., B.S., J.D. E. Thurston Thieme, M.S., M.D.
Directors Emeritus
Alexander G. Ruthven, Ph.D., LL.D., Sc.D. Henry F. Vaughan, M.S., Dr.P.H.
Gail W. Rector, B.Mus., Executive Director
THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY is a nonprofit educational organization, incorporated "in perpetuity" under the laws of the state of Michigan. The Society's directors and its general policies are approved by the Regents of The University of Michigan. The University community, for ninety years, lias enjoyed the programs the Society has been privileged to bring to Ann Arbor. Now, along with all sponsors of concert series through?out the nation, the Society is faced with sharply rising artists' fees and maintenance costs. In consequence, financial support is imperative and is urgently solicited from all patrons who are seriously concerned that the traditions embodied in the May Festival and in the performances arranged by the Society throughout the entire year should continue. Gifts and be?quests made to the Concert Endowment Fund are deductible by the donor for income and estate tax purposes.
First May Festival, 1894, University Hall. Boston Festival Orchestra, Emil Mollenhauer, Conductor.
1967 May Festival, Hill Auditorium. Philadelphia Orchestra, University Choral Union, Thor Johnson, conducting.
THE SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNUAL
ANN ARBOR MAY FESTIVAL
Conductors
Eugene Ormandy, Orchestral Conductor
Thor Johnson, Guest Conductor
Lester McCoy. Chorusmaster
Organizations
The Philadelphia Orchestra The University Choral Union
Soloists
Eileen Farrell ..................................Soprano
Judith Raskin ...................................Soprano
Jean Sanders ...................................Contralto
Leopold Simoneau..................................Tenor
Theodor Uppman ................................Baritone
Anthony di Bonaventura..........................Pianist
Claude Frank ....................................Pianist
(For biographical sketches of all performers, see pages 59 to 63)
The Steinuiay is the official piano of the University Musical Society. The Baldwin Piano is the official piano of the Philadelphia Orchestra. The Philadelphia Orchestra records exclusively for Columbia Records.
FIRST MAY FESTIVAL CONCERT
Saturday Evening, April 20, at 8:30
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA EUGENE ORMANDY, Conductor
SOLOIST
ANTHONY DI BONAVENTURA, Pianist
PROGRAM
"Egmont" Overture, Op. 84 ..........................Beethoven
Concerto No. 2 for Piano and Orchestra....................Bartok
Allegro Adagio
Allegro molto
Anthony di Bonaventura
INTERMISSION
Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 ....................Brahms
Un poco sostenuto; allegro Andante sostenuto
Un poco allegretto e grazioso
Adagio; piu andante; allegro non troppo. ma con brio
' Columbia Records
SECOND MAY FESTIVAL CONCERT
Sunday Afternoon, April 21, at 2:30
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA
THE UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION
THOR JOHNSON, Conductor
SOLOISTS
JUDITH RASKIN, Soprano
JEAN SANDERS, Contralto LEOPOLD SIMONEAU, Tenor THEODOR UPPMAN, Narrator
CLAUDE FRANK, Pianist
PROGRAM
"King David," A Symphonic Psalm in Three Parts,
after a Drama by Rene Morax ....................Honegger
Soloists, Narrator, Chorus, and Orchestra Mary McCall Stubbins at the organ
Introduction
The Song of David
Psalm: "All praise to Him"
Song of Victory
March
Psalm: "In the Lord I put my faith"
Psalm: "O! had I wings like a dove"
Song of the Prophets
Psalm: ''Pity me, Lord!"
Saul's Camp
Psalm: "God the Lord shall be my light"
Incantation of the Witch of Endor
March of the Philistines
Lament of Gilboa
Song of the Daughters of Israel
The Dance before the Ark
Song: "Now my voice in sone up-soaring"
Song of the Handmaid
Psalm of Penitence
Psalm: "Oh, shall I raise my eyes"
March of the Hebrews
Psalm: "Thee will I love, O Lord"
The Crowning of Solomon
The Death of David
INTERMISSION
Concerto No. 18 in B-flat, K. 456,
for Piano and Orchestra ............................Mozart
Allegro vivace
Andante un poco sostenuto Allegro vivace
Claude Frank
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THIRD MAY FESTIVAL CONCERT
Sunday Evening, April 21, at 8:30
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA EUGENE ORMANDY, Conductor
PROGRAM
"Fireworks," Op. 4 ................................Stravinsky
Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Op. 44................Rachmaninoff
Allegro modcrato
Adagio ma non troppo Allegro
(Commemorating the 25th anniversary of the composer's death)
INTERMISSION
Symphony No. 5, Op. 47 ..........................Shostakovich
Moderato; allegro non troppo Allegretto Largo
Allegro non troppo
Columbia Records
11
FOURTH MAY FESTIVAL CONCERT
Monday Evening, April 22, at 8:30
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA
THE UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION
THOR JOHNSON, Conductor
SOLOISTS
JUDITH RASKIN, Soprano THEODOR UPPMAN, Baritone
PROGRAM
"Exsultate, jubilate", K. 165 ............................Mozart
Allegro ("'Exsultate, jubilate") Recitative ("Fulget arnica dies'') Aria ("Tu virginum corona") Vivace ("Alleluja")
Judith Raskin intermission
German Requiem ......................................Brahms
Blessed Are They That Mourn
Behold, All Flesh Is As the Grass
Lord, Make Me to Know the Measure of My Days
How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place
Ye Now Are Sorrowful
Here on Earth Have We No Continuing Place
Blessed Are the Dead Which Die in the Lord
Judith Raskin, Theodor Uppman, and
The University Choral Union Mary McCall Stubbins at the organ
12
FIFTH MAY FESTIVAL CONCERT
Tuesday Evening, April 23, at 8:30
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA EUGENE ORMANDY, Conductor
SOLOIST
EILEEN FARRELL, Soprano
PROGRAM
Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551 ("Jupiter") ..........Mozart
Allegro vivace
Andante cantabile Menuetto
Finale: allegro molto
"Pace, pace, mio Dio!" from La Forza del destino............Verdi
"Ritorna vincitor" from A'ida ..............................Verdi
Eileen Farrell
intermission
Paganiniana," Divertimento for
Orchestra, Op. 65 ..................................Casella
Allegro agitato Polacchetta Romanza Tarantella
"Voi lo sapete" from Cavalleria Rusticana ..............Mascagni
"Un bel di vedremo" from Madama Butterfly .............Puccini
"Vissi d'arte" from Tosca ...............................Puccini
Miss Farrell
Waltzes from Dcr Rosenkavalier ........................Strauss
Columbia Records
13
ANNOTATIONS
by GLENN D. McGEOCH
The Author of the annotations expresses his appreciation to Ferol Brinkman for her editorial services.
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Saturday Evening, April 20 Overture to Egmont...........Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Decem?ber 16, 1770; died in Vienna, March 26, 1827.
It is difficult to decide whether the man creates the age or the age the man, but in the case of Beethoven each is true. Certainly, as far as music is con?cerned, he created the age of Romanticism to such a degree that the new move?ment which began in the nineteenth century could be called "Beethovenism" as well. On the other hand, there is no more decided proof in music history that the age produces the man. In his life and in his works, Beethoven is the embodi?ment of his period. Born at the end of the eighteenth century, he witnessed, in the formative period of his life, the drastic changes that were occurring throughout central Europe: changes which affected not only the political but the intellectual and artistic life of the world. The French Revolution, breaking up an old civilization, announced the dawn of a new social regime. The spirit of freedom which animated the poetic thoughts of Goethe, Schiller, Wordsworth, and Byron infused into the music of Beetho'en, from the creation of the Appas-sionata Sonata to the Choral Ninth Symphony.
Throughout this period of chaos and turmoil, Beethoven stood, a colossus, bridging with his mighty grasp the two centuries in which he lived. In his person were embodied the ideas of both the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; he became the sage and prophet of his period, the center of the classic and romantic spirit.
These two elements were mutually helpful in making him the outstanding representative of each: his romantic tendencies helped him introduce Promethean fire into the old, worn-out forms, endowing them with new vitality; his respect for classic idioms aided him, the greatest of the early Romanticists, in tempering the excesses and extremes of his contemporaries. Thus, harmonious embodiment of opposing forces, controlled by an architectonic intelligence, resulted in the production of epoch-making masterpieces, built upon firm foundations but emancipated from tradition, and set free to discover new regions of unimagined beauty.
For a performance of Goethe's Egmont at the Hofburg Theatre, Vienna, May 24, 1810, the manager, one Mr. Hartl, commissioned Beethoven to pro?vide incidental music for the play. So impressed was Beethoven with the nobiiity of this drama that he refused any remuneration for his efforts. Perhaps hero worship of Goethe led him to this generous step, or perhaps he saw in the misunderstood, self-reliant Egmont, gloriously struggling with a relentlessly persecuting fate and filled with tragic longing for a pure and ideal love, an image of himself.
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At any rate, Goethe's Egmont supplied Beethoven with a basis and incentive for music of such heroic delineation, and of such dramatically moving material, that it can take its place with the ''Eroica" Symphony, the Fifth Symphony, and the Lenore No. 3 as an imperishable testimony to the genius which he manifested in his portrayal of the heroic, the noble and the magnanimous.
Goethe's Egmont differs in many particulars from the Egmont of history. He is a man of most genial temper, sincerely devoted to the cause of freedom, and befriended because of his frankness, courage, and inexhaustible generosity. But he lacks the power to read the signs of hostile intention in others, and this defect, which necessarily springs from some of his best qualities, exposes him to deadly peril and leads ultimately to his ruin. Interwoven with the history of his relation to the public movements of his age is the story of his love for Clarchen, who is in every respect worthy of him, capable of heroic action as well as of the tenderest love.
The scene of the tragedy is laid in the Low Countries at the beginning of the revolt against Spain. In the fifteenth century, Philip of Burgundy had annexed several of the Netherland provinces to swell his own rich domains. His successor, Charles V, abolished their constitutional rights and instigated the Inquisition.
Favorite of court and people was the Flemish soldier, Count Egmont, who, by his victories at Saint Quentin and Gravelines, had become one of Europe's most famous military figures. When in 1559 a new Regent of the Netherlands was to be chosen, the people hoped that Egmont would be named. Margaret of Parma, however, Philip's half sister and a powerful and tyrannical woman, was chosen. She, with the ruthless Count Alva, pressed the demands of Spain still further.
This, in brief, is the historical background against which, with many factual changes, Goethe places his tragedy. The central motif is that man imagines he directs his life, when in fact his existence is irresistibly controlled by his destiny.
Egmont is the typical soldier and man of action, who expresses his philosophy in his own words . . . "Take life too seriously and see what it is worth . . . reflections--we will leave them to scholars and courtiers . . ." He is beloved by Clarchen, who in turn is loved by Brackenburg, the very opposite of Egmont. In the midst of court intrigue Egmont dares to defy Alva and is arrested. Clarchen, knowing that death must await Egmont, drinks the poison that Brackenburg, ironically, had prepared for himself. Egmont, the idealist to the last, dies in the belief that he gave himself for the freedom of his people and that they, to avenge his death, would rise in revolution against the Spanish yoke.
In referring to the Overture to Egmont, Mr. C. A. Barry wrote:
In view of Beethoven's expressed intentions regarding certain portions of his incidental music to Egmont it may be asked: Are we not justified in extending these to the Overture Is not this to be viewed as a dramatic tone-picture Though entering more into generalities than the Overture of Coriolanus, which (as Wagner has pointed out) is restricted to a single scene, it is assuredly not less profoundly dramatic, or less expressive of the feelings
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of the principal personages concerned, and of the circumstances surrounding them. Egmont's patriotism and determination seem to be brought before us, in turn with Clarchen's devotion to him. The prevailing key (F minor) serves as an appropriate background to the general gloom of the dramatic picture, but it is occasionally relieved by its relative major (A-flat)--indicative, as it often seems, of Clarchen's loving presence. The Overture concludes with the Sieges-Symphonie (Symphony of Victory), which at the close of the drama immediately follows Egmont's last words: "Fight for your hearts and homes, and die joyfully--after my example--to save that which you hold most dear," addressed to his comrades as he is led away to execution. This music, occurring in the Overture, seems to indicate prophetically the victory of freedom to be gained by Egmont's death for his country.
Concerto No. 2 for Piano and Orchestra.....Bartok
Bela Bartok was born in Nagyszentmiklos in Hungary, March 25, 1881; died in New York, September 26, 194S.
Bela Bartok was distinguished in every sphere of the music he served so conscientiously and selflessly; no creative artist in any field was ever so com?pletely dedicated to his art, or lived such a life of self-denial in its interest. The extent of his musical activity as composer and scholar is staggering to contemplate; even to begin to recount his manifold achievements would quickly consume the space allotted to this whole program.
More than two decades after his death, his music retains a powerful indi?viduality and refreshing originality seldom encountered in our day. It offers perhaps the greatest challenge known to contemporary musical thought and will no doubt do so for some time to come. His appearance in the world of music was marked by nothing sensational or spectacular--no fierce debates, no manifestos called public attention to his work. Yet in the 1920's his idiom had become the standard of '"'modern music"' everywhere in the world; he was the inventor of one of the most experimental and widely practiced styles of the period between the two wars. From this era of spiritual atrophy and prevailing sterility he emerged not only a continuing experimentalist to the end of his life but an artist of the most exacting standards. From a relentless harshness and baffling complexity, his art matured and mellowed into something warmly human and communicatively direct, without sacrificing any of its originality, certainty, or technical inventiveness. He seems to have realized, as Oscar Wilde once observed, that "nothing is so dangerous as being too modern; one is apt to grow old-fashioned quite suddenly."
Bartok was equally distinguished as a musical scholar; with his encyclopedic knowledge of folk music, he became one of the leading authorities of our time. The profundity of his scholarship was unique among creative artists. He not only investigated the music of his native Hungary, of Rumania, Bulgaria, Yugo?slavia, and French North Africa, with the authority and thoroughness of the most meticulous scientist, but as a composer he subjected it to a complete artistic transformation and distillation. It was never used as an exotic element for spicing up his own musical language in the manner of Franz Liszt and Brahms, who, with their so-called "Hungarian" rhapsodies and dances, misled
May Festival Program Book. 1940. p. 27.
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generations of musicians as to the true nature of real Hungarian folk music. A nationalistic or racial artist like Bartok has to do more than merely trans?cribe literally the music of his people. It is not the task or the aim of a com?poser merely to make arrangements of a few folk songs. He has to be so permeated with the spirit of his people that its characteristic features are woven into the texture of his score almost unconsciously. Thus, a personal style becomes so blended with the racial or national ideas that to distinguish between the two is impossible. With Bartok, it became the very substance of his musical thought and substratum of every score written by one of the greatest creative musicians of the twentieth century.
Bartok's popularity with the public was slow in coming, for he made no concession whatever to popular taste and was in fact disdainful of immediate success. He was fearless and obdurate to his own disadvantage while he lived, and the world consequently treated him unjustly. It is a tribute to his sincerity, profundity, and the richness of his art that he is emerging slowly but surely from the oblivion and neglect he experienced during his life, to be received affectionately by sincere audiences eager for new and exciting musical experi?ences. All honor to an artist of Bartok's uncompromising integrity and modesty, who could survive the conscientious paranoia of our time and emerge from the unhealthy morass with such dedication and sustaining strength of purpose.
Shortly after Bartok's death a memorial concert of some of his chamber music, given at the New York Public Library, was attended by a company of his friends and colleagues. On that occasion the musicologist Curt Sachs dis?cussed some aspects of his work and his personality:
Bela Bartok was one of the greatest composers and one of the greatest teachers of our time. But this does not tell us all. He was one of our greatest scholars too. He spent his life collecting, transcribing, and evaluating thousands of melodies of the people of Hungary, of Romania, of Yugoslavia, and the Arabian countries. We would be wronging him were we to stress only these multifarious activities--composition, teaching, research--and brand them virtuosity. In a universal genius such as he, these things go to make up the whole. Bela Bartok's creative, intellectual and educational powers were merely the multiple expres?sion of an all-embracing personality.
Again we would be wronging him were we to stress only his superlative musicianship. This he achieved because as a human being he was so honest, so pure and so affectionate. No one who has not looked into his bright and knowing eyes, who has not plumbed the depths of his loving heart, who has not felt the warmth that permeated his whole being can do full justice to the man and the artist.
It is this very universal quality of the man that does not permit us to call Bela Bartok a Hungarian nationalist as critics have been prone to do until now. True, he was profoundly-rooted in his native country and he had great affection for its folk melodies. Although his roots were deep sunk in the fertile soil of Hungary and although he drank richly of her sap he grew to such stature and sent his business so far beyond her horizons that we can rightfully say he belonged to the world. In his struggle to free himself from degenerate romanticism and to attain a new classicism, a struggle in which all the masters of his generation participated, he, like his friend and brother-in-arms, Zoltan Kodaly, found his best inspiration in the vigorous melodic lines and rhythms of folk music. For him this music was not a foreign folk lore and a stimulating exoticism as it was to Liszt and Brahms; it was a language which he spoke without affectation and which he was able to oppose to the accepted idiom of his time. Therefore, we say once again, Bartok is not to
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us an honored guest from Puszta, but a beloved citizen of the world and of our country as a part of that world. It is in the spirit of such kinship that we are gathered here . . . in celebrating Bela Bartok this evening we do not mourn the dead, but we honor, lovingly and gratefully, the ever-living.
The Concerto No. 2 for Piano and Orchestra was written in 1930-31, at a time when Bartok was particularly preoccupied with his research into Hun?garian folk music. In it is to be found a fabulously complex synthesis of harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic devices derived from this source, which only the most minute and detailed analysis of the score could reveal. The total effect of a first hearing is simply one of striking power, limitless color hues, and virtuosity that baffles the imagination. To relate that the first movement (Allegro) is a complex, free sonata form of unrelenting energy and drive, that the second movement (Adagio) is in a three-part design in which ascending and descending sequences in the piano contrast with a highly chromatic and scintillating Presto, and that the Finale (Allegro molto) is cast in an extended rondo form with barbaric episodes and recitative passages alternating with occasional references to material from the first movement, is about as instructive and revealing as a similar statement would be on the meaning of Goethe's Faust. To attempt to carry an audience through the labyrinths of this work's structural ingenuity would be as futile as it is unnecessary, for here is music so elementally vital in its propulsive rhythms, so strikingly contrasted in its moods of introspection and energy, that few will fail to respond directly to its emotional fertility, eloquence, and power.
Symphony No. 1 in C minor. Op. 68......Brahms
Johannes Brahms was born May 7, 1833, in Hamburg; died April 3, 1897, in Vienna.
The differences that actually exist between the art of the two great con?temporaries Brahms and Tchaikovsky are slight indeed. Criticism in the past has been too insistent on symbolizing each of these masters as the epitome of contrasting ideals in the music of their age. It has identified their aesthetic theories and the conflict that raged around them with their art and has come to the false conclusion that no two artists reveal a greater disparity of style, expression, and technique.
In truth, Tchaikovsky and Brahms were products of the same artistic soil, nurtured by the same forces that conditioned the standards and norms of art in their time. They both lived in a spiritually poverty stricken and soul sick period, when anarchy seemed to have destroyed culture; an age which was distinctly unfavorable to genuinely great art, unfavorable because of its preten?tiousness and exclusiveness and its hidebound worship of the conventional. Its love of luxury and its crass materialism brought in its wake disillusionment, weariness, and indifference to beauty; its showy exterior did not hide the inner barrenness of its culture. Brahms and Richard Wagner, another of his contem-
"Philadelphia Orchestra Programs, Season 1947-48, pp. 513-15.
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poraries, though opposed in verbal theory, stand together strong in the face of opposing forces, disillusioned beyond doubt with the state of their world, but not defeated by it. Both shared in a serious purpose and noble intention and sought the expression of the sublime in their art, and each in his own way tried to strengthen the flaccid spirit of the time by sounding a note of courage and hopefulness. Brahms's first piano concerto, the German Requiem, the Alto Rhapsody, the Song of Destiny, and particularly the great tragic songs all speak in the somber, earnest, but lofty accents of Wagner. It is no accident that the real Brahms seems to be the serious, contemplative Brahms of these works, for here is to be found the true expression of an artist at grips with the artistic and spiritual problems of his time.
Even as Beethoven before him, he was essentially of a hearty and vigorous mind. Standing abreast of such vital spirits as Carlyle and Browning, he met the challenge of his age and triumphed in his art. By the exercise of a. clear intelligence and a strong critical faculty he was able to temper the tendency toward emotional excess and to avoid the pitfalls of utter despair into which Tchaikovsky was invariably led. Although Brahms experienced disillusionment no less than Wagner and Tchaikovsky, his was another kind of tragedy--the tragedy of a man born out of his time. He suffered from the changes in taste and perception that inevitably come with the passing of time. His particular disillusionment, however, did not affect the power and sureness of his artistic impulse. With grief he saw the ideals of Beethoven dissolve in a welter of cheap emotionalism. He saw the classic dignity of that art degraded by an infiltration of tawdry programmatic effects and innocuous imitation and wit?nessed finally its subjugation to poetry and the dramatic play. All of this he opposed with his own grand style--profoundly moving, noble, and dignified. With a sweep and thrust he forced music out upon her mighty pinions to soar once more. What Matthew Arnold wrote of Milton's verse might well have been written of the music of Brahms: "The fullness of thought, imagina?tion, and knowledge make it what it is" and its mighty power lies "in the refining and elevation wrought in us by the high and rare excellence of the grand style."
Brahms lived his creative life upon the "cold white peaks" and in his epic conception of form often verged upon the expression of the sublime. No master ever displayed a more inexorable self-discipline or held his art in higher respect. He was a master of masters, always painstaking in the devotion he put into his work and undaunted in his search for perfection. The excellence he sought "dwelt among rocks hardly accessible, and he almost wore his heart out trying to reach it."
In the Neue Frcie Presse of Vienna, Hanslick, chief champion of Brahms, referred to the C-minor Symphony as "music more or less clear, more or less sympathetic, but difficult of comprehension ... it affects the hearer as though he had read a scientific treatise full of Faust-like conflicts of the soul."
Tchaikovsky sensed in Brahms's music the same difficulty of comprehension. "I have looked through a new symphony by Brahms (C minor). He has no
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charms for me. I find him cold and obscure, full of pretension, but without any real depth," he wrote Mme Von Meek in 1877, and again in 1880--"but in his case, his mastery overwhelms his inspiration . . . Nothing comes but boredom. His music is not warmed by an genuine emotion. . . . These depths contain nothing, they are void ... I cannot abide them. Whatever he does, I remain unmoved and cold."
Even Mr. H. C. Colles, of all critics of Brahms the most enthusiastic and loyal, spoke of the ''difficulty of grasping his music," the statement referring, astonishingly enough, to the transparently beautiful slow movement of this symphony.
With extraordinary insistence this criticism of Brahms persisted. The old Brahmsians themselves encouraged it. They reveled in the master's esoteric inaccessible qualities and, like the champions of Meredith in the eighties and the later cults of Mahler and Bartok, they gloried in his "aloofness," and resented any implication of internationalism or universal appeal in his art.
It is true that Brahms has none of the overstimulating and exciting quality of his more emotional contemporaries, Tchaikovsky and Wagner, but this fact does not reduce his music to mere cerebration. One has only to hear the glorious Introduction to this symphony to realize the tremendous emotional impact of the music. If there is anything cerebral or intellectual in Brahms, it lies in the manner in which he controls and diverts his emotions into artistic channels, and that is the mark of every true artist. One reason that criticism placed upon his head the condemnation and terrible burden of cold intellectual?ity lies in the fact that there are none of the sensational or popular devices used to catch immediate response. There are no tricks to discover in Brahms; there is no assailing the judgment in the attempt to excite sudden enthusiasm. We are, however, impressed with the infinite wealth of profound beauty that is to be found in his pages. Critics may have been bewildered at times by his rich, musical fabric, often lost and confused in the labyrinth of his ideas. On this score, Fuller Maitland, in his admirable book on Brahms, referring to this symphony, defends him, saying, '"the case is almost parallel to certain poems of Browning, the thoughts are so weighty, the reasoning so close, that the ordinary means of expression are inadequate. To try to re-score the first movement with the sacrifice of none of its meaning, is as hopeless a task as to re-write 'Sordello' in sentences that a child should understand."
The creation of the C-minor Symphony displayed Brahms's discipline and noble intention--the most impressive marks of his character. With all the ardour of his being, he sought the levels of Bach and Beethoven. His first symphony caused him great trouble and profound thought. It took him years to complete it. The sketches for the work, with which Brahms came forward in his forty-third year (1876), date from decades back. In the fifties Albert Dietrich saw a draft of the first movement. Brahms kept it beyond the time when he committed one symphony after another to the flames, proving the
Fuller Maitland, Brahms (London: Methuen and Co.. 1911).
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triumphant perseverance that let it survive to a state of perfection. The symphony is written with tremendous seriousness and conciseness. It speaks in tones of a troubled soul, but rises from a spirit of struggle and torture in the first movement to the sublimity of the fourth movement with its onrushing jubilation and exultant buoyancy. Mr. Lawrence Gilman, in the program notes for the Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra, wrote the following analysis:
From the first note of this symphony we are aware of a great voice uttering superb poetic speech. The momentous opening (the beginning of an introduction of thirty-seven measures, Vn poco sostenuto, 6-8) is among the unforgettable exordiums of music--a majestic upward sweep of the strings against a phrase in contrary motion tor the winds, with the basses and timpani reiterating a somberly persistent C. The following Allegro is among the most powerful of Brahms's symphonic movements.
In the deeply probing slow movement we get the Brahms who is perhaps most to be treasured; the musical thinker of long vistas and grave meditations, the lyric poet of inexhaustible tenderness, the large-souled dreamer and humanist--the Brahms for whom the unavoidable epithet is "noble." How richly individual in feeling and expression is the whole of this Andante sostenuto! No one but Brahms could have extracted the precise quality of emotion which issues from the simple and heartfelt theme for the strings, horns, and bassoon in the opening pages; and the lovely complement for the oboe is inimitable --a melodic invention of such enamoring beauty that it has lured an unchallengeable sober commentator into conferring upon it the attribute of "sublimity." Though perhaps "sub?limity"--a shy bird, even on Olympus--is to be found not here, but elsewhere in this symphony.
The third movement (the poco allegretto e grazioso which takes the place of the customary Scherzo) is beguiling in its own special loveliness; but the chief glory of the symphony is the Finale.
Here--if need be--is an appropriate resting place for that diffident eagle among epithets, sublimity. Here there are space and air and light to tempt its wings. The wonderful C-major song of the horn is the slow introduction of this movement. (Piu andante, 4-4), heard through a vaporous tremolo of the muted strings above softly held trombone chords, persuaded William Foster Apthorp that the episode was suggested to Brahms by "the tones of the Alpine horn, as it awakens the echoes from mountain after mountain on some of the high passes in the Bernese Oberland." This passage is interrupted by a fore?shadowing of the majestic chorale-like phrase for the trombones and bassoons, which later, when it returns at the climax of the movement, takes the breath with its startling grandeur. And then comes the chief theme of the Allegro--that spacious and heartening melody which sweeps us onward to the culminating movement in the Finale: the apocalyptic vision of the chorale in the coda, which may recall to some the exalted prophecy of Jean Paul: "There will come a time when it shall be light; and when a man shall awaken from his lofty dreams and find his dreams still there, and that nothing has gone save his sleep."t
"Max Kalbcck sees in the whole symphony, but more particularly in the first movement, an image of the tragedy of Robert and Clara Schumann in which Brahms was involved. tJournal of the Philadelphia Orchestra, Season 193536, Jan. 3-7; pp. 424-25.
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SECOND CONCERT
Sunday Afternoon, April 21
"King David," a Symphonic Psalm,
after a Drama by Rene Morax......Honegger
Arthur Honegger, was born March 10, 1892, in Le Havre; died November 27, 1955, in Paris.
After the end of the First World War, a group of young avant-garde com?posers, rebelling against the rich and wandering chromaticism of Cesar Franck and wearying of the vagueness and evanescence of Debussy, who they declared had "drawn French music into an impasse" with his glamorous veiled disson?ances, grouped themselves together as the Soctete des nouveaux jeunes. It included Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Frangois Poulenc, Germaine Tailleferre, Louis Durey, and Georges Auric. They were publicly recognized in an article appearing in Comoedia, January 16, 1920, by Henri Collet, who referred to them as Les Six, "an inseparable group who by a magnificent and voluntary return to simplicity have brought about a renaissance of French music." The only thing they really had in common as artists was the patronage of Eric Satie and Jean Cocteau and a desire to react violently against the pastel music of the Impressionists and the elaborate and involved grandiose style of late Romanticism, which they opposed with a music that was direct, clean-cut, witty, and for its time sophisticated. They were active in the day of the "futurists" and "cubists" in painting, a time of innovation, ridicule, and violent disputes in aesthetic matters. Actually they were quite independent of each other artistically. Of the six. only Honegger, Milhaud, and Poulenc achieved international recognition, and certainly each of these strongly individ?ual composers maintained a high degree of stylistic independence throughout his career.
Honegger began to compose in an anarchic period (1917-24), a time when young composers found themselves in an artistic vacuum. The long steady tradition of Romanticism had spent its strength but no new impulse had taken its place. In France, Claude Debussy had both opposed and, in a way, brought it to fruition, but by 1915 his impressive work was finished. He died in 1918. Les Six blithely ignored the problems of composition inherited from him and the late Romanticists. In their gay, trivial, and often impertinent music they scorned all tradition. Behind their disrespect for the "presumptuous com?poser" of the past and his musical conventions was no doubt a fear that emanated from the fact that they found themselves lost and wandering in an artistic wasteland. "Atonality," "Twelve-tone technique," "Quarter-tone tech?nique," "Barbarism," "Brutism," "Futurism," "Machine music," "Gebrauchts-musik" were some of the sign posts that led nowhere. After so varied and
He produced his first important work, the richly exuberant Quartet for Strings in 1917.
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futile an attempt to find a new path to the future, the name J. S. Bach finally pointed the way. It dispelled fear, curtailed sensationalism, and began a trend toward serious endeavor and constructive thought. In turning back before advancing, in the music of the pre-Bach and Bach periods, composers found direction again. .Yeoclassicism was anticipated by Ferruccio Busoni (1866-1924) and finally established by Igor Stravinsky (Octet for Wind In?struments, 1923: Piano Concerto, 1924; opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex, 1927; and ballet Apollon MusagHes, 1928), Paul Hindemith, Alfred Casella, Francesco Malipiero, and Walter Piston. Directives of the period are reflected in a letter of Albert Roussel. "The tendencies of contemporary music," he wrote in 1926, "indicate a return to clearer, sharper lines, more precise rhythms, a style more horizontal than vertical; to a certain brutality, at times, in the means of ex?pression--in contrast with the subtle elegance and vaporous atmosphere of the preceding period [Debussy and Impressionism]: to a more attentive and sympathetic attitude toward the robust frankness of Bach or Handel; in short a return, in spite of appearances, and with a freer though still somewhat hesitating language, to the traditions of the classics."
On the whole, Honegger's music, with its powerful construction, rich polyphony, vigorous rhythms, and transparent texture, reflected a return to the objectivity and formal beauty of the classical period. Although he rose to fame as a member of Les Six, he was from the beginning, in spite of the shock appeal of some of his early works, a classicist at heart, and his position in relationship to this sensational and overpublicized group was always clearly denned. In the very year of its formation, Honegger wrote to the critic of La Victoire (September, 1920), "I attach great importance to the architecture of music, and would not like to see it sacrificed to considerations of a literary or pictorial order . . . My great model is J. S. Bach ... I do not, like certain anti-impressionist musicians, seek a return to harmonic simplicity. On the contrary, I feel we should use the harmonic materials created by the school which preceeded us [Wagner and Debussy] but that we should use them in a different way."t
Honegger's background was, in truth, largely conservative. As a pupil of the Paris Conservatory (after earlier work in Le Havre and Zurich), he studied composition with Andre Gedalge and Charles Widor, orchestration with Vincent d'Indy. The essentially traditional training received from these masters he accepted without revolt. It enabled him to steer a steady course through the confusing cross currents that often proved destructive to his contemporaries. Identifying himself early with the movement toward the classics, he used Bach and Mozart as models. But unlike his Parisian contemporaries, he dared to respect Beethoven, Brahms, and Wagner, while admiring Debussy and Ravel and avidly studying the scores of Richard Strauss and Schbnberg. The result was that he amalgamated classical, romantic, and modern tendencies, unwittingly blending French restraint and clarity harmoniously with the symphonic torrent
Xadia Boulanger, "Modern French Music," Rice Institute Pamphlet (Vol. 13, April 1926), 51-52. tftirf, p. 147-48.
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SECOND CONCERT
and vigor of the late German romantic composers. From Bach he acquired a sense of colossal, yet succinct form; from Mozart an exquisite and delicate orchestration; from Beethoven and Brahms an urgency and profundity of ex?pression; and from Wagner a realization of the sensual potentialities of music. All these composers had tremendous influence upon him as a maturing young student. The catholicity of his culture saved him from sinking into the morass of banality around him. He approached every new idiom with caution, never permitting noncommunicative gulfs between himself and his audience; was never the ivory tower artist, remote and aloof, preoccupied with scholastic theories. He rose above the cold objectivity that characterized the music of those about him.
Honegger's rise to world fame was meteoric. With his elder contemporaries Ravel, Schonberg, Stravinsky, de Falla, and Prokofiev, he stood among the few most representative musicians of a new era as one of the important and arresting musicians of the day. This exalted position and world-wide recognition came to him largely through the creation of his "King David." In the course of a few months it brought the name of its creator to the attention of the whole musical world. The work was one of astonishing daring, both in the sweep of its conception and in its convincingly eloquent realization. It was music of epic quality, conceived on a massive scale, sometimes chiseled with meticulous care, and sometimes hewn with careless sweep, but always display?ing abundance, vitality, and impetuous inspiration. The written text is treated with respect, and the expressive and musical values of the words are taken into account constantly. Precision of accent, suppleness and vigor, simplicity and nobility, and evocative power lie in the score. It is essentially robust, direct, and healthy music; and these qualities were largely responsible for its almost instantaneous success. In his book Panorama dc la Musiquc Contemporainc, Andre Coeurroy said that the success of "King David" was in a way psycho?logical. "It appeared at a moment' he writes, "when one was surfeited with an access of airy trifles, of stillborn improvisations. ... It was the hurricane which swept away the dust."
The work is certainly a reflection of the changing norms of artistic expression in music. The tempo and pace of the past six decades of the twentieth century have left their impression on most of the traditional art forms. Poetry, drama, architecture, painting, and sculpture and the dance have undergone changes in subject matter as well as manner of expression. Directness of approach to the essence of idea, boldness of statement, omission of details that are merely decorative, condensation and concentration of expression--these are some of the characteristics of artistic technical procedure in this century in the fields of the fine arts and music.
The score of "King David" is not perfect. It suffers from a lack of unity of style; it is, moreover, quite eclectic in nature. The classicism of Bach joins hands with the charm of Ravel and Debussy, and with the accents of savagery in Stravinsky. The Introduction "The Canticle of the Shepherd David" is of archaic beauty. The opening psalm "All praise to Him, Lord of Glory" is
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almost Handelian in its simplicity and directness of appeal; it is a triumph of contrapuntal suppleness, showing no artificially determined mannerisms. "God the Lord shall be my Light" is a model of pure harmonic writing where chords interlink with the suave audacity one finds in Debussy. In the processionals and fanfares, there is a decided flavor of Stravinsky's "Sacre du printemps." In such portions describing crowds, Honegger has made successful use of themes that keep their tonal independence (polytonality). He thus creates not only a rare mixture of colors, but a new aural architecture revealing clear planes, distance, and perspective, which gives a third dimensional feeling to the orchestral picture. It differs from the usual treatment of the oratorio, however, in the extreme brevity of the choruses. Except for the "Dance before the Ark," the choral psalms take from one to four minutes each. The modernity of "King David" is at once apparent when one contrasts this concision of choral writing with the expansive and extensive development of thematic materials found in the polyphonic choruses of Bach and Handel.
In spite of its eclectic nature and lack of style unification, this striking and exceptionally plastic work is one of the few acknowledged master works of contemporary music.
The following is a translation in English of the French text of "King David" made by Edward Agate:
FIRST PART
Introduction The Narrator
And in those days the Lord spoke to the people of Israel through the mouth of the prophet. And God turned against Saul and spoke to Samuel, saying: Arise, fill thine horn with oil, and go; I will send thee to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons. And Samuel arose, and went to Bethlehem, where David was tending his flocks and singing in the fields.
The Song of David,
the Shepherd
(.Contralto Solo)
God shall be my shepherd kind; He will shield me from the wind, Lead His Lamb to pastures cool, Guide me to the quiet pool. He shall be my staff and rod.
Restore my spirit again; E'en the darkest vale I trod
Shall not be traveled in pain. He will keep me from alarm,
Though the lightning play around; Save me with His mighty arm, The while, shelter me from harm;
Comfort I have found.
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The Narrator
And Jesse made seven of his sons pass before Samuel. And Samuel said: The Lord hath not chosen these.
And Samuel said unto Jesse: Are here all thy children And he said: There re-maineth yet the youngest, and behold, he keepeth the sheep. And Samuel said: Send and fetch him.
And he sent and brought him in. And the Lord said: Arise, anoint him: for this is he.
Psalm (Chorus)
All praise to Him, the Lord of glory, The everlasting God, my helper. He has avenged all my wrongs and my
woes, And by His hand my people are made
safe. When hordes of heathen arose up against
me,
By His right hand I felt myself sustained, His thunder pealed on the heads of the
foe, Who in their malice sought my end.
The Narrator And Saul and the men of Israel were
SECOND CONCERT
gathered together and set the battle in array against the Philistines.
And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, a giant. And he mocked the Israelites.
And David smote him in the forehead with a stone from his sling. And the Israelites shouted and pursued the Philis?tines even unto the gates of Ekron.
Song of Victory
(Chorus) David is great! The Philistines o'erthrown. Chosen of God is he. Succored and unafraid. Saul hath slain his thousands, And ten thousands, David!
March
The Narrator
And Michal, Saul's daughter, loved David. And the evil spirit from the Lord was upon Saul as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand, and David played to him. And Saul sought to smite David even to the wall with the javelin. For he was old and David was young and beautiful.
Psalm
(Tenor Solo) In the Lord I put my faith, I put my
trust. How say ye unto my soul: "Flee like any
bird unto the mountain" For behold, evil is here, And the wicked bend their bow, That they may privily shoot them that
are clean and upright.
The Narrator
So David fled and escaped, and came to the prophets. And he languished and pined in the heat of the desert. And he bade farewell to Jonathan, who loved him as a brother.
Psalm
(Soprano Solo) O had I wings like a dove, Then would I fly away and be at rest. Save in the tomb alone is there no com?fort Is there no balm to heal this woe of mine
Where shall I find for my head some safe
shelter
Morning and eve I pray and cry aloud. The storm of my distress blows like the
tempest, Bearing to God my cries and my prayer.
The Narrator
And Saul sent messengers to take David. And they came to Naioth, in Ramah, and they found him with the company of the prophets, prophesying.
Song of the Prophets
Man that is born of woman lives but a little while.
Whichever way he turn, the path he must pursue
Is heavy to his feet.
He cometh up like grass, which in time shall be mowed down.
He fleeth as a shadow,
And he place that once he knew remem?bers him no more.
The Narrator
Henceforth he must wander in the wilderness; his heart assailed by want, by care and weeping.
Psalm
{Tenor Solo)
Pity me, Lord, for I am weak! A refuge and harbor I seek.
My weary head Thy wings shall cover;
When will the endless night be over Pity me, Lord, for I am weak! My heart upraise To hymn Thy bounty all my days!
O sun, arise to lead me on,
That with my harp, the victory won, I may return to sing a joyful song of praise!
The Narrator
And the Lord delivered Saul into the hands of David. So David came to the people by night; and behold, Saul lay sleeping with a spear at his bolster and cruse of water at his head. And David feared to destroy the Lord's anointed.
So David took the spear and the cruse of water from Saul's bolster; and he gat him away, and no man saw it, nor knew it. neither awaked: for they were all asleep:
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because a deep sleep from the Lord was fallen upon them.
And war broke out anew between the Philistines and the King of Israel. Saul's army is hard pressed on the steep hill?sides, for the enemy's horses draw near, and David is with the Philistines. The people of Israel call upon the Lord in vain.
Psalm
(Chorus)
God the Lord shall be my light and my
salvation;
What cause have I to fear God the Lord shall be my strength in
tribulation;
His help is ever near. Though wicked enemies came, My foes who my flesh would fain de?vour,
Bright sword and lance they might claim, Yet they stumble and fall upon that
hour. E'en though an host against me should
rise,
I shall not be afraid; From field of war the Lord will hear my
cries. And their arm shall be stayed.
The Narrator
And when Saul saw the host of the Philistines in Shunem, he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled.
And when Saul inquired of the Lord, the Lord answered him not. neither by dreams nor by prophets.
And his servants said to him: Behold, there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at En-dor.
And Saul disguised himself, and he went, and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night: and he said, I pray thee, bring me him up whom I shall name unto thec.
Then said the woman: Whom shall I bring up unto thee And he said: Bring me up Samuel.
Incantation
By fire, by water, by speech and by-wind, by sight and by sound, break thy chains, burst the locks which bind thee! Appear! Tis time! I call thee from Sheol's darkness. Return, and enter into
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the temple of nine doors! Appear! Give thy blood! Let the breath of life return to thy nostrils; come from the depths of the earth! Appear!
The fire burns me; the fire below! It enters into me, it searches the marrow of my bones. It pierces me like a sharp sword. Arise! Appear! O why hast thou deceived me for thou art Saul!
The Shade of Samuel Why hast thou disquieted me, to bring me up
The Narrator
And Samuel prophesied to Saul, saying: Moreover the Lord will also deliver Israel with thee into the hands of the Philistines.
And Saul fell with his sons in Mount Gilboa. And the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines.
March of the Philistines The Narrator
And the Amalekite messenger brought to David the crown and the bracelets of Saul. Then David rent his clothes, and mourned and wept for Saul, and for Jonathan his son, and for the house of Israel; because they were fallen by the sword.
Lament of Gilboa (Chorus and Soli)
The Narrator (During the Chorus)
The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places; how are the mighty fallen!
Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice.
Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings; for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.
From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided; they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
SECOND CONCERT
Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other de?lights, who put on ornaments of gold upon your apparel.
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places.
I am distressed for thee, my brother
Jonathan; very pleasant hast thou been unto me; thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women.
How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perish!
The Daughters of Israel Ah ! Ah ! Weep for Saul!
SECOND PART
Introduction
The Dance Before the Ark The Narrator
Jerusalem! Jerusalem! David is king! He hath chosen thee to cherish the Ark of God. Behold, today it shall be set in the midst of Israel.
Song of the Daughters of Israel
Sister, oh sing thy song!
Never hath God forsaken us,
E'en in captivity,
Or in adversity.
Chosen of Him above,
On us now 'lights His love.
God the Lord comes to bless Israel.
The Narrator
And behold, shepherds lead their flocks, the workers in the fields bring their har?vest and wine from their vineyards, and all to the glory of the Lord. O Israel, now get thee to the hill, for all peoples shall receive the blessing of God.
And David played before the Lord and danced before the Ark, and the earth shook, even as an harp-string trembleth beneath the hand of a virgin.
Chorus Mighty God! Jehovah, be with us! O radiance of the morn. And the splendor of noon ! Mighty God, be with us!
Priests (Before the Ark) Ope wide those doors that lead to heaven! Ope wide those gates that lead to justice! For the righteous alone enter therein, In those precious portals of God the Lord.
Soldiers
Many nations brought me to war, Yet in Jehovah's name they were de?stroyed ;
Compassed me round like bees that swarm, Yet in Jehovah's name they were de?stroyed.
Each withered bush I set on fire, In great Jehovah's name it was destroyed; For He has shielded me from harm, And His right hand has led me on. Lord above, show Thyself, and scatter all our foes!
Chorus Mighty God! Jehovah, be with us!
The Angjx (Soprano Solo)
Give ear; 'tis not for thee as king To build an house unto My name. Behold, a child is born to thee, And I will set him on thy throne. And he shall be My son, And I will be his Father. Then shall he build an house for My
name,
And Solomon he shall be called, That over Israel peace may reign.
Choir of Angels Alleluia! Alleluia!
THIRD PART
Chorus
Now my voice, in song upsoaring, Shall loud proclaim my king afar. His wealth of splendor, fast outpouring. Shall put to nothing e'en the loveliest of star.
Pride of Adam's race that bore thee, A simple shepherd, wont to sing,
And yet surpassing all before thee, Thou hast been chosen by the Lord to be our king.
God will send thee sons to cherish.
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Who shall inherit in their turn; Thy name in glory shall not perish, And all the people as their pastor Shall announce thee master.
The Narrator
And the blessing of God rested upon David's house. All the kings of the earth are united with him, and he is the great?est among them all. But sin entered into his heart, for it came to pass in an evening-tide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house; and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite; and she was very beau?tiful to look upon.
And David took Bathsheba to wife, and killed her husband Uriah the Hittite with the sword. And Bathsheba bare a son; but the thing that David had done displeased the Lord. And the Lord struck the child, and on the seventh day he died.
Psalm of Penitence (Chorus)
Pity me. God, in my distress! Turn not away, but heal me again! Wash me of sin and cleanse of shame, And in Thy hot displeasure, O chasten me not!
The Narrator
And the Lord sent Nathan unto David to reprove him for his sin.
And the wrath of the Lord fell upon David's house. For a brother had ravished his sister, and a brother killed his brother. And Absalom. David's well beloved son, rose up against his father, and David escaped and sought the desert.
Psalm (Tenor Solo)
O shall I raise mine eyes unto the moun?tains,
From whence should come my help
The Lord shall guide thy steps, going and coming,
From henceforth, evermore.
He will not suffer thy foot to be moved,
For He is on high, watching above;
The Lord who is thy keeper neither slum?bers nor sleeps.
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The Narrator
So the people went out into the field against Israel; and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim. And Joab slew Absa?lom, whose head was caught in the thick boughs of a great oak.
And when the king heard of it he was much moved, and went up into the cham?ber and wept.
March of the Hebrews
The Narrator
And David signaled with his hand, and the army stood still. And David said: Ye warriors of Israel, ye are brethren, ye are my bones and my flesh. Yc have estab?lished peace in the land. Receive my thanks!
The Narrator
His enemies o'erthrown, David sings a grateful song unto the Lord.
Psalm (Chorus)
Thee will I love, O Lord, who are my
fortress, Thou art my shield, the horn of my
salvation.
God is my refuge safe; I trust in Him, My rock, my strength, my tower and my
deliverer.
In Him I find the solace that I long for; He guideth ray steps, that I may walk in
comfort.
I call on Him and invoke His aid, And I am saved from my strong enemy. When waves of death encompassed me, And snares of men made me afraid, Then did He send, and take me from
above, And drew me forth out of many waters.
The Narrator
And David waxed old in his palace of cedar and gold. And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number the people. So the Lord sent pestilence upon Israel; and He sent an angel unto Jerusa?lem to destroy it.
And David proclaimed Solomon, the son of Bathsheba, king over Israel and over Judah. And when Nathan had crowned Solomon, David looked on the temple for the last time.
SECOND CONCERT
The Crowning of Solomon The Narrator
And Nathan said: Before all Israel and before Jehovah we anoint as king Solomon, the son of David. And the people shouted: God save King Solomon!
The Death of David The Narrator
And David said: The spirit of God is within me. One cometh after me to lead my people in the fear of the Lord. O how
good it was to live! I thank thee, God, Thou who gavest me life.
The Angel (Soprano Solo)
And God said: The day shall dawn To bring a flower, newly born,
From thy stem in fullness growing, In fragrance sweet, night and morn, All my people shall adorn,
With breath of life bestowing.
Choir of Angels Alleluia! Alleluia!
Piano Concerto No. 18 in B-flat, K. 456......Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, January 27, 1756; died in Vienna, December S, 1791.
In its diversity and scope the music of Mozart is one of the most astonishing achievements in the history of European art. Wherever he directed his pen, to the creation of opera, serious or comic, to cantata, Mass, chamber music, sonata, concerto, or symphony, he left imperishable masterpieces. In more than six hundred works, created at a breathless speed during less than thirty years, Mozart revealed a universality unknown to any other composer, for his art was founded upon a thorough assimilation and sublimation of the prevailing Italian, French, and German styles of his period; he carried to perfection all instrumental and vocal forms of his day. No composer ever revealed simultane?ously such creative affluence and such unerring instinct for beauty. Few artists in any age have been so copious and yet so controlled, or have so consistently sustained throughout their creative lives such a high level of artistic excellence.
Mozart wrote his first original piano concerto (K. 175 in D major) in 1773 when he was seventeen. Initial attempts had been made earlier. At the age of ten he transcribed three sonatas of Johann Sebastian Bach's youngest son, that master of the gallante style Johann Christian Bach, into a series of piano concertos. These were hardly concertos in our sense of the term today, the orchestra involving only a pair of violin parts and a bass. These were written for his own use, when, as a child virtuoso performer, he had embarked upon an extended tour of Europe. Another series came in 1767, when, at the age of eleven, he again arranged sonatas of other composers, popular at that time but wholly unknown to audiences today (Raupach, Honnauer, Schobert, and Eckhardt). In these he considerably enlarged the orchestra with a pair of oboes and horns as well as strings. These works reveal the beginning of his conception of the concerto that was to guide him throughout his life. From then on he created some twenty-three piano concertos that constitute numerically the largest number of great concertos by any composer. Be-
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cause he composed them from 1773 until his death in 1791, we are able to trace the development and progress of his style from his first tentative efforts to those that are on the highest level of excellence, viewed from the total output of the eighteenth century, or any century for that matter. There are more real "masterpieces" among them than in any other group of his compositions. Among the forty-nine or so symphonies, only those of his later years are considered to be the height of achievement in that form, and less than a dozen of the string quartets would fall into this class.
The piano concerto was of German origin and was late in making its ap?pearance. The concerto for violin, on the other hand, had its inception in Italy and a history of continuous development throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It so impressed composers in other countries beyond the Alps that, embracing it with greatest zeal, they produced a literature of im?posing quantity and quality, but completely neglected the concerto for the keyboard. The one exception was Mozart, who developed it from a work in which the piano had had a prominent place in the orchestra, to where it became the dominating force in the ensemble. He reconciled the conflict between the virtuoso performer and the logic of symphonic continuity. This had presented a problem from the moment that the keyboard concerto was born, springing as it did like Minerva from the head of Zeus, when Johann Sebastian Bach transcribed a number of his own violin concertos, and those of Vivaldi and others, for the harpsichord. The problem of the conflict between solo instrument and orchestra continued with Bach's sons, Emanuel and Johann Christian, who together produced works that were the epitome of rococo elegance. For the most part, however, the eighteenth century con?sidered the early "concertante"' style of the keyboard concerto the acme of refined entertainment, and did not concern itself too much with the aesthetic questions inherent in the relationship between the solo piano and the reigning problems of formal construction that the symphony, at the same time, was attempting to achieve. Mozart, more than any other composer, was responsible for the growth of the piano concerto to a stature comparable to that of the symphony.
There are about twelve outstanding piano concertos, composed in the middle of the 178O's at the height of his maturity and during the period of his greatest success (1783-87). The concerto on this afternoon's program comes from this group. It was composed for Maria Theresa Paradis, daughter of a State Councilor of Lower Austria, and a godchild of the Empress. She had been blind since childhood, but had acquired an imposing repertory of some sixty concertos which, from all accounts, she executed from memory with astounding virtuosity. Mozart wrote this work for her to perform in Paris while on a concert tour in the autumn of 1784. It contains none of the high moments of the great concertos that were to come from his pen but, like every succeeding concerto he wrote, it has its unique qualities and evidence of his progressing style. "The relations of the solo part and the
See page 52.
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orchestra in this work," writes Einstein, "are, to be sure, purely Mozartian, characteristic only of him, and perhaps even closer than ever before; but the solo part has a different, more 'feminine,' more sensuous character than the preceeding concertos . . . The work is full of sonority but it contains none of the 'surprises,' great or small, of the great concertos." In general, it is conventional in its form, containing as it does three movements, the first presenting the by now inevitable double exposition of its theme initially in the orchestra and then in the piano, a slow lyrical second movement based, in this case, upon variations with a coda, and a subtle rondo last movement. Mozart had already begun to achieve the balance between solo instrument and orchestra that makes his concertos so unique. Here the piano enters into a partnership with the ensemble, sometimes presenting important thematic material, sometimes adding color with its own display of virtuosity. He uses a larger orchestra than previously (a flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, and 2 horns, in addition to the usual strings). In this concerto, instead of dividing his forces into only two opposing bodies of sound (solo and orchestra), he separates the orchestra into sub-sections--strings and woodwinds--which provide contrasts either for each other or for the piano. The emphasis on the woodwind instru?ments is characteristic of Mozart's later works, and is also one of his chief contributions to the art of orchestration.
Alfred Einstein, Mozart, His Character and His Worts (New York: Oxford University Press. 1945) p. 304.
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Sunday Evening, April 21 "Fireworks," a Fantasy for Orchestra, Op. 4 . . Stravinsky
Igor Fcodorovitch Stravinsky was born in Oranienbaum. Russia, June 17, 1882.
Igor Stravinsky's position as the greatest living composer in the world today is universally established and recognized. Since the deaths of Bela Bartok in 1945, and Arnold Schonberg in 1951, he is undoubtedly the most illustrious and significant figure in contemporary music, not only for his monumental works, but because of the influence he has exerted upon other composers; there are few in our day who have not felt the impact of his powerful and creative art.
Unlike Arnold Schonberg, a true revolutionist who caused a decided break with conventional methods of tonal organization, Stravinsky has remained firmly rooted in tradition. In spite of the often sensational innovations he has brought to each successive work, he has always held to certain basic musical values with characteristic conviction, and practiced them with unusual fidelity. Aesthetically, technically, and stylistically, his music is a flowering of tradi?tional thought and practice. The term neo-classic is often applied to it and perhaps best describes the methods he has employed with such mastery through?out a long career. As Stravinsky himself has often asserted, the classical roots of his music strike deeper than we suspect or are willing to admit. Certainly its constructive coherence and inexorable logic, its economy of means, its avoidance of all unessentials, and the directness and clarity of its communica?tion attest to its rational sources. The manner in which he successfully conceals himself in his art and the complete absence of any personal commentary or preoccupation with lyrical expression without first subjecting it to rules identify him with Classical rather than Romantic tradition. In aesthetic theory, he is a strict autonomist, maintaining that music's main function is not merely to evoke sensations but t:to bring order into things" and to help us pass "from an anarchic and individual state into a state of order." He has devoted his life to becoming a superb artisan, constantly refining his idiom and developing his technique. In the words of Andre Malraux, he has been concerned almost exclusively with 'Tendering forms into style."
As a young student, Stravinsky wavered between law and music as a career. In 1902, at a crucial time of indecision, he met Rimsky-Korsakov, whose encouragement determined his choice. After two fruitful years of study with this great master of orchestration, Stravinsky launched upon his brilliant career.
It was in the summer of 1908 that a grateful young composer sketched out a daring and unprecedented score as a wedding gift to Rimsky-Korsakov's daughter. It was to depict in tone the exciting and dazzling effects of a fire-
Igor Stravinsky, Autobiography (New York: M & J Steuer, 1958).
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works display. It was also intended as a tribute to his aging master, a testimony of the artistic achievements he had attained under his tutelage. The score was completed in six weeks and sent to Rimsky's summer residence. It was returned unopened with the words "not delivered on account of the death of addressee." Rimsky-Korsakov had died four days after the wedding of his daughter. Stunned by the tragic news, he put aside the jubilant and festive score and wrote "Chant funebre."
Shortly afterward, the conductor, Alexander Siloti, performed "Fireworks" at a concert in St. Petersburg. Present at this occasion was Sergei Diaghilev, impressario of the Russian Ballet, who was so impressed by this vividly descrip?tive music and its dazzling orchestration that he asked the young composer to orchestrate some Chopin pieces for a ballet to be called Les Sylphides. Thus, Rimsky-Korsakov's gift became the means of opening the way to the creation of Stravinsky's most brilliant compositions: the Firebird, which showed an unmistakable indebtedness to his master; Petrouchka, which completely unfolded his unique and individual genius; and The Rite of Spring, which established him as the most epoch-making composer of his time.
While "Fireworks" shows the influence of Debussy and Ravel and a few rather direct borrowings from Paul Dukas' "Sorcerer's Apprentice," it gives indications of the strongly individualistic idiom that was to emerge shortly in the Firebird and Petrouchka--an idiom marked by incisive rhythm, frequent displacements of accents, stringent themes, dynamic drive, and sharp, sudden contrasts of color.
Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Op. 44 .... Rachmaninoff
Sergei Rachmaninoff was born April 2, 1873, in Novgorod; died March 28, 1943, in Beverly Hills.
The leafy blossoming present springs from the whole past, remembered and unrememberable.
--Cablyle
Rachmaninoff was born in the gloomiest period Russia had experienced for over a century. All the sublime efforts of the generation that had entertained such high hopes in the seventies, had ended in defeat. The great social reforms (including the abolition of serfdom in 1861) brought about by Alexander II were looked upon as grave mistakes. The reactionary elements that rallied around Alexander III, after the assassination of his liberal-minded father in 1881, tolerated no opposition. The new emperor counteracted the excessive liberalism of his father's reign by indicating that he had no intention of limiting or weakening the aristocratic power inherited from his ancestors. A feeling of hopeless despair was shared by the young "intellectuals" whose inability to solve problems of renovation or to break the inertia of the masses soon became tragically apparent. Their loss of faith in the future, the destruction of their illusions, was impressively reflected in the short stories of Vsevolod Garshin and in the nostalgic fiction and drama of Anton Chekhov.
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The somber beauty and brooding melancholy that courses through Rach?maninoff's art marks him as one of the last of the Titans of musical romanticism, an artist who lived beyond the fulfillment of an era. He carried to an anti?climax the spirit of an epoch filled with the gloom and despair of man's struggle against relentless destiny. Like the other late Romanticists, he clung tenaciously to a dying tradition, regretful at its passing, nostalgic with its memories.
Virgil Thomson, writing in the Xcw York Herald Tribune for Sunday, February 26, 1950, has summed up his position thus:
The career of Sergei Rachmaninoff was that of a major talent. His natural gifts of ear and hand were impeccable; his training was nowhere short of completeness; recognition in professional life came early. The only kind of success he never enjoyed was that of intellectual distinction. He would have liked being a popular musician, a conservative musician and an advanced one all at the same time. But as a young modernist he suffered defeat at the hands of his contemporary, Alexander Scriabin. and there is reason to believe that later he entertained some bitterness about the impregnable position occupied in the intellectual world of music by his junior compatriot. Igor Stravinsky.
There is no question, however, about Rachmaninoff's mastery. He composed, as he played the piano, in complete fullness and control. The nature of his expression--his passionless melancholy, his almost too easy flow of melody, his conventional but highly personal harmony, the loose but thoroughly coherent structure of his musical discourse-is often distasteful to musicians. They tend to find it a retreat from battle, an avoidance of the contemporary problem. But it is not possible, I think, to withhold admiration for the sincerity of the sentiments expressed or for the solid honesty of its workmanship. Rachmaninoff was a musician and an artist, and his expression through the divers musical techniques of which he was master, seems to have been complete.
Whether success in the world was a deep desire of Sergei Rachmaninoff I do not know, but success was his in a way that musicians seldom experience it. It came to him in his own lifetime, moreover, and through the practice of three separate musical branches. As a composer, as a conductor, and as a touring virtuoso of the pianoforte he received world?wide acceptance and acclaim. His domestic life, too, seems to have been remarkably satisfactory. A more optimistic temperament than his would probably have glowed with happiness.
Actually, his letters and recorded conversations are consistently gloomy. Like Tchaikovsky, whom he adored, and who usually wept a little on almost any day, he seemed to find his best working conditions a dispirited state. Indeed, even more than in the case of Tchaikovsky, his depressive mentality has come to represent to the Western world a musical expression both specifically Russian and specifically attractive through the appeal of sadness. Whether this opulence of discontent is found equally present in the Soviet Union I do not know; but Rachmaninoff, in spite of his conservative political opinions, has been adopted since his death as a Russian classic master in Russia. This success is another that would have pleased him profoundly, I am sure, though he would no doubt have acknowledged it with a mask of woe.
There is probably some resemblance between contemporary Russia and the United States underlying Rachmaninoff's great glory in both countries. The official mood of cheer?fulness is in both cases, a thin surface through which wells of rich blackness gush forth constantly, relieving the emotional poverty of sustained optimism and providing for accepted states of mind both a holiday and a corrective. Rachmaninoff's music is no toner-up of depressed nations. It is most heartily enjoyed in those countries where the national energies are strong enough to need a sedative.
Rachmaninoff, like so many young men living in Moscow at the turn of the century, suffered from the contagion of his times. His melancholy turn of mind and pessismistic outlook offered little protection against the disappointments and
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frustrations he met at the outset of his career as a composer. His first symphony, written in 1895 and produced in St. Petersburg, was a complete failure; it received one performance and was never heard again. This threw the young composer into the depths of despair from which he emerged only after the fabu?lous success of the Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18, in 1901.
Six years after the composition of the second Concerto, Rachmaninoff again turned to the symphony with renewed confidence in his talent and in the fullness of his creative powers. In 1906, he left Moscow with his wife and young daughter to seek relief from his professional duties as pianist and con?ductor. Dresden offered an environment favorable to creative work, and in temporary seclusion he produced his most successful compositions for orchestra, '"The Isle of the Dead" and the Second Symphony. The symphony had its world premiere in St. Petersburg, February 8, 1908, and its first performance in Moscow, November 26, 1909. Success was immediate. Two months earlier it had been awarded the coveted Glinka Prize.
Rachmaninoff began the score to the Third Symphony in the spring of 1935, and completed it in August of 1936 at his Swiss villa on Lake Lucerne. While it never achieved the popularity of the Second Symphony, it has essen?tially the same appealing qualities--lovely lyricism, dramatic sweeping phrases, impassioned melody, and rich Slavic colors.
Rachmaninoff's association with the Philadelphia Orchestra was long and continuous. The following passage, written by Mr. Ormandy, is of interest, par?ticularly as it relates to this symphony and the close contact he had with the composer during the preparation for his definitive performance of the work:
For nearly thirty-five years, Sergei Rachmaninoff was one of The Philadelphia Orchestra's closest and dearest friends. This friendship was begun of course long before I became music director of the Orchestra, but the years in which my colleagues and I were privileged to work with Rachmaninoff, and to know him, brought us many cherished and never-to-be-forgotten memories. He was a great master, and a great man.
The history of the long association between Rachmaninoff and our Orchestra is brilliantly marked with the record of his threefold gifts as a pianist, composer, and conductor, for we knew him well in each facet of his art. He made his American debut as a conductor with our Orchestra in 1909, and of course for many years not a season went by that he did not play with us or take his place on the podium as a guest conductor. As a composer his ties were particularly strong with The Philadelphia Orchestra, which he often said was his favorite. We in turn had the honor of presenting many premieres of his works, including the Fourth Piano Concerto, the "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini." the Third Symphony, and the Symphonic Dances, as well as the first American perform?ance of The Bells. I recall so well that day back in 1941 when we were to present the first performances anywhere of his "Symphonic Dances," the first orchestral work he had completed in this, his adopted country. Rachmaninoff was on hand for the rehearsal, and I remember very vividly how moved we were, and how honored, when he said to the assembled musicians in his modest way: "When I was a young man, I idolized Chaliapin. He was my ideal, and when I thought of composition I thought of song and of Chaliapin. Now he is gone. Today, when I think of composing, my thoughts turn to you, the greatest orchestra in the world. For that reason I dedicate this, my newest composition, to the members of The Philadelphia Orchestra and to your conductor. Eugene Ormandy." That was a tribute we will never forget.
I recall too the many hours we spent together going over the details of the Third Symphony. We had already discussed it at length when he invited me to spend a weekend
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with him at his estate on Long Island. The moment I arrived he took me to the piano, handed me the score, and asked that I mark the bowings throughout for the strings. We worked together all day without interruption until dinner time at about eight o'clock. Rachmaninoff was so excited that he forgot about everything else, and I simply didn't have the heart to tell him that I was working on an empty stomach, having had nothing to eat all day since a very early breakfast.
Later, when we began the first rehearsal of the new Symphony. Rachmaninoff was seated at his customary place in the hall. We had discussed tempi very carefully in advance, but when he noticed that I was not following his instructions exactly, he slipped up on the stage, and in a moment without realizing it he too was conducting with me, so that one of the puzzled members of the Orchestra .-aid: "Maestro, whom shall we follow-you or Rachmaninoff" The composer was then very apologetic, and admitted that when he heard the work for the first time he felt different tempi than when he com?posed it.
Finally, the performance itself was a great success and Rachmaninoff was happier over his success as a composer than he ever could have been as a pianist.
--Eugene Ormandy
Symphony Xo. 5, Op. 47........Shostakovich
Dmitri Shostakovich was born September 25, 1906, in St. Petersburg (now Leningrad).
A fair and sane estimation of an artist who creates under violent conditions of social upheaval and confusing creative cross-currents is difficult in the extreme. In times of stress, criticism, attempting to evaluate an artist such as Shostakovich, must guard against the intrusion of temporary and false standards of judgment. More than ever, it must seek to penetrate beyond the artist's reactions to the events of his period to the artistic significance of the art work itself--to those eternal verities which neither time, nor place, nor condition can alter.
Nicholas Xabokov attempted an analysis of Shostakovich and his art as early as 1943 in "The Case of Dmitri Shostakovich," Harper's Magazine, March, 1943. He referred to the rise of an impersonal and practical "eclectic collectivistic" art which was placing the individual artist in a completely subservient position to the state and society and contended that the then young Russian composer, although talented in the extreme, was already a symptom of a new and dangerous era, an era of utility, in which the purely artistic worth of a work of art is far less important than its immediate appeal to the masses, or its purpose in serving a political, social, and educational ideal.
It is perfectly true that Shostakovich, from the first, has conscientiously, and with unquestioned sincerity, stated his artistic aims and purposes which are derived from the dialectical teachings of Tolstoy, Engels, Marx, and Stalin. Concerning the function and meaning of music in relation to the Soviet State he writes:
Music is not merely a combination of sounds arranged in a certain order, but an art capable of expressing, by its own means, the most diverse ideas or sentiments. This conviction I did not acquire without travail. . . . Working ceaselessly to master my art, I am endeavoring to create my own musical style, which I am seeking to make simple
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and expressive. I cannot think of my further progress apart from our socialistic structure, and the end which I set to my work is to contribute at every point to the growth of our remarkable country. There can be no greater joy for a composer than the inner assurance of having assisted by his works in the elevation of Soviet musical culture, of having been called upon to play a leading role in the recasting of human perception.
Another time, he reaffirms his credo:
I am a Soviet composer, and I see our epoch as something heroic, spirited, and joyous . . . music cannot help having a political basis, an idea that the bourgeois are slow to comprehend. There can be no music without ideology. The old composers, whether they knew it or not, were upholding a political theory. Most of them, of course, were bolstering the rule of the upper classes. We as revolutionists have a different conception of music. Lenin himself said that music is a means of uplifting broad masses of people, not a leader of masses perhaps, but certainly an organizing force. For music has the power of stirring specific emotions in those who listen to it. Good music lifts and heartens and lightens people for work and effort. It may be tragic, but it must be strong. It is no longer an end in itself, but a vital weapon in the struggle.
On the eve of the first anniversary of the Russo-German war, Shostakovich wrote, "My energies are wholly engaged in the service of my country. Like everything and everyone today, my ideas are closely bound up with the emotions born of this war. They must serve with all the power of my command in the cause of art for victory over savage Hitlerism, that fiercest and bitterest enemy of human civilization. This is the aim to which I have dedicated my creative work since the morning of June 22, 1941." Shostakovich has, on another occa?sion, briefly but definitely restated his creed: "I consider that every artist should want to shut himself away from the people, who in the end, form his audience. I think an artist should serve the greatest possible number of people. I always try to make myself as widely understood as possible. And if I don't succeed, I consider it is my fault . . . the advanced composer is one who plunges into the social currents swirling around him, and with his creative work serves the progress of mankind."!
There has been common agreement among the critics of Shostakovich that he is an extremely well-schooled and gifted composer, and a craftsman of the first order. Their concern has been based on the fear that the dictates of prop?aganda have reshaped his natural expression, that a rigid submission to political doctrine has reduced an exciting talent to the commonplace. They have pointed out that in his deliberate attempt to make music comprehensible to the masses and to serve the Soviet State, he has restrained his individuality and forsaken the principles of absolute beauty. They have spoken of the clarity and logic of his themes but also of their tendency to be ordinary and trivial; they have acknowledged his rhythmic vitality, but have regretted his predilec?tion for banal marches: they have maintained that the acknowledged brilliance of his stunning orchestration has not always concealed the paucity of his ideas, and they all have referred to his eclecticism, which is, in truth, his most apparent weakness. The synthetic and retrospective moments in his works
'Dmitri Shostakovich, "Autobiographic," La Revue Mtuicale, 17: 432-33, December, 1936.
IThc New York Times, December 3, 1931.
tlbid.
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are disconcertingly frequent, but the borrowings are done with an almost naive unawareness. Tchaikovsky haunts his pages, instrumentations unique to Sibelius occur intermittently, formulas familiar in Berlioz appear bereft of their novelty, and Beethoven's culminations to climax are sounded without motivation or impulsion, often resulting in noise without meaning, and conflict without tension.
The virtues of his last works, so highly publicized, are not such as to neces?sitate any modification in this critical opinion. Music critics writing in the New York Times and the New York Herald-Tribune, refer to his last works as music ''that bears the stigmata of a composer trying to live up to an heroic reputation"; ''that becomes sprawling, noisy, lacking in coherent style"; "that goes through motions of being both grand and grave, but is nothing but a noisy, empty shell'"; ''that is thin and without charm or character." Alas, poor Dmitri! The persistence and uniformity of this sort of criticism today only verify Nabokov's opinions and prophesies of a quarter of a century ago, and lead us to regretfully conclude that perhaps it is too late for his indubitable genius to restore just values of beauty and universality to his music. Sincere as his intentions are, it takes more than these to assure the creation of great art. Beethoven and Wagner also were profoundly moved by the conditions of their times and were stimulated by powerful social ideologies, but these forces moved them to the creation of significant, powerful, and original music, which has survived long after the conditions, which inspired its inception, have been swept away. Their music has lived not merely because Beethoven was profoundly moved by the idea of Democracy and the French Revolution, or because Wagner believed passionately in the doctrine of Renunciation, but because the music they created possessed intrinsic value as music, and became thereby infinite, not finite, in its expression: and universal, not local, in its appeal. Great music, after all, is not merely a medium to arouse emotions; if it were, it would assume a position inferior to some of the daily events in ordinary life. It represents rather, a sublimation of emotion; a sublimation which is achieved through the very process of artistic creation, when, without intrusion of outside forces, there is a molding, a fusing, and distillation of the emotions, aroused by an outside stimulus, into an artistic expression which bears no relation to the realistic aspects of life. This is a process which casts inspiration into permanent sound-forms and shapes which are beautiful by virtue of the imaginative and original manipulation of the medium of music, and not because that medium had been forced into the confining service of expressing the finite and concrete. Shostako?vich, it seems, has not learned to "contemplate emotion in tranquillity"; he has shaped his expression too directly out of experience as lived, and in his eager?ness to make his music symbolize political ideas, he does not permit the stuff of life to undergo the necessary transformation into significant forms of beauty.
Ernest Newman has touched the fallacy in the art theories of Shostakovich, and all those who maintain with him that the function of music is to lift and hearten, and lighten people for work and effort, or that its purpose is simply to re-present feelings and emotions aroused by the events of life. He wrote in the London Times concerning the Seventh Symphony:
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To the man Shostakovich, writing with the boom of German guns in his ears, or any other artist in any other country working under conditions of similar dire distress, our hearts go out in sympathy and brotherhood; but let us. for heaven's sake, keep clear of the crude fallacy that a work written, conceived, and carried out in such conditions thereby acquires an aesthetic virtue of its own. The contrary is the case.
. . . That the world could have dreamed, believed, that it could ever have been supposed, that great music is simply profoundly felt emotion poured out under the immediate impact of the events that generated the emotions, is merely due to the fact that most people have only the crudest notion of what a great piece of music really is in its roots and all its fibers. People can be genuinely fond of music without any understanding of the physical processes by which great music comes into being.
Shostakovich wrote his first symphony in 1925, when he was nineteen years of age. This work revealed a creative genius of such outstanding talent, and a craftsman of such extraordinary ability, that it won immediate world-wide recognition. The "October Symphony," his second, written in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution, and the "May Day Sym?phony," his third, composed in honor of the working classes' holiday on May the first, in which he envisaged a world socialism, did not, in spite of their program?matic intentions, repeat the success of the First. A conflict which had begun to appear between the artist's natural expression and Soviet official sanction, came to a climax when he produced his opera Lady Macbeth of Mzensk (1935). This opera, according to the critics in Pravda, the chief paper of the communis?tic party, was "founded upon formalistic ideas and bourgeois musical con?ceptions," and was "a concession to bourgeois taste." The Union of Soviet Composers and other official, but nonmusical organizations, placed Shostakovich in disfavor, and his career as a composer was definitely jeopardized for a period. After completing the Fourth Symphony, he himself withdrew it from perform?ance believing it would not please the State. The Fifth Symphony played on tonight's program was composed on the basis of the criticism that had been leveled against him and was subtitled "A Soviet Artist's Reply to Just Criticism." It was performed in celebration of the .twentieth anniversary of the October revolution (1937). With it Shostakovich was officially restored to grace, for according to the critic, Andrew Budyakovsky, in the Moscow Daily News:
The composer, while retaining the originality of his art in this new composition, has, to a great extent, overcome the ostentatiousness. deliberate musical affectation and misuse of the grotesque which had left a pernicious print on many of his former compositions. His fifth symphony is a work of great depth, with emotional wealth and content, and is of great importance as a milestone in the composer's development. The fetters of musical formalism which held the composer captive so long, and prevented him from creating works profound in conception, have been torn off. He must follow up this new trend in his work. He must turn boldly toward Soviet reality. He must understand it more profoundly and find in it a new stimulus for his work.
This criticism seems curious in the extreme, for in this symphony. Shosta?kovich, meek and penitent after his official chastisement, had created a com?pletely traditional and abstract work. Heeding the admonitions he had re?ceived for his "October" and "May Day" symphonies, he had returned, in the
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Fifth, to conventional structural forms and methods, to those "formalistic ideas and bourgeois conceptions," and had now pleased his critics!
Even more curious is the interpretation of the meaning of the symphony written by Alexis Tolstoy, one of the most esteemed of Russian musicologists:
. . . Here we have the "Symphony of Socialism" [he writes]. It begins with the largo of the masses working underground, an accelerando corresponds to the subway system; the allegro in its turn symbolizes gigantic factory machinery and its victory over nature. The adagio represents the synthesis of Soviet culture, science, and art. The scherzo reflects the athletic life of the happiest inhabitants of the Union. As for the finale, it is the image of the gratitude and the enthusiasm of the masses.
This farfetched and ludicrous statement, so typical of the "utility" school, obviously contributes nothing whatever to the understanding of the music. It does reflect, however, not only the puerile state of Soviet aesthetics, but the power of the concept that has controlled, directed, and destroyed the creative energies of one of the most promising composers of our time. In the words of Igor Stravinsky, "It is in its line a consummate masterpiece of bad taste, mental infirmity, and complete disorientation in the recognition of the funda?mental values of life."f
The Fifth Symphony is in its way a master work. It is formed with classic simplicity and orchestrated brilliantly and with the utmost clarity. With only occasional suggestions of the Kremlin Square, it is music of spacious dimensions, with few of the inequalities, superficialties, and weaknesses of his later works. Its themes are, for the most part, broadly melodic, their treatment plastic, and their development logically and in some instances ingeniously carried out. It has achieved a remarkable balance between emotional tension and structural strength. Had Shostakovich continued to scale such heights, he might have ultimately conquered the peaks.
The principal theme of the first movement, sonata allegro, marked by strong, wide intervals, is stated in the lower strings and immediately answered in the upper strings. From this theme as an embryo, there grows, in the violins, an extensive and broadly melodic section formed of fragments that intermit?tently return to unify the movement. The first theme returns in the brass (horns and trumpets), and over a triple rhythmic figure it dies away in the violins. The tempo increases, the rhythms grow more incisive, and one of the main theme fragments heard in the brass becomes an aggressive march. The return of the first slow tempo marks the beginning of a telescopic recapitulation of the principal theme, very broadly sung. The strings and brass recede to a gentle mood, and the woodwinds, fully exploited, bring the movement which, in its slow and deliberate pace, has unfolded like the pages of a Russian novel, to its close.
The second movement, allegretto, is cast in the very conventional Song and Trio design. In style a scherzo with traditional triple rhythm and repeated
Igor Stravinsky, Poetics oj Music (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), pp. 114-15. tW.
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sections, it is not unlike any of the familiar Beethoven scherzi in spirit, although the themes are unabashedly simple and often trite.
The third or slow movement, largo, like the first, is gradually culminative, growing from an austere theme in the strings to a fruition in the woodwinds, accompanied by tremolo strings. At its climax, the movement gains in tension and sonority, but without the aid of the brass choir. It is the most impressive movement of the Symphony and bows slightly to modern harmonies.
The final movement is again cast in a traditional classical form that approaches the Rondo. The marchlike theme, so characteristic of Shostakovich, is direct, propulsive, and tremendously vital. After a slow digression, in which reminiscences of earlier movements are heard, the energetic first section returns and, the tempo constantly increasing, brings the Symphony to a moving conclusion.
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FOURTH CONCERT
Monday Evening, April 22
Exsultate jubilate.............Mozart
In November of 1772, Mozart, then seventeen years of age, arrived in Milan, Italy, to finish his opera Lucio Silla. The continued success of the opera after its premiere on December 26 inspired Mozart to create for one of its principal singers, the male soprano Venanzio Rauzzini, a motet ''Exsultate, jubilate," accompanied by strings, oboes, horns, and organ. The work was performed by him in the church of Theatines, Milan, January 17, 1773.
By temperament, taste, and training, Mozart followed the rococo gallant manner of his great Italian predecessors, Alessandro Scarlatti, Caldara, Porpora, and others. Into his religious work he carried, as did they, the transparency and charm of the Italian operatic style. To the purist, works like the "Exsultate, jubilate" may indicate a lack of religious sincerity in Mozart--a degradation of ecclesiastical composition and a vulgar mixture of styles. A large part of the church music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was thus censured and condemned by nineteenth century critics. Pergolesi's Stabat Mater, the masses and litanies, the motets of the Italians, as well as the religious works of Haydn and Mozart, were considered inappropriate and unliturgical. Absence of austerity was taken for lack of respect by those critics who in their incredi?ble seriousness failed to sense the childlike piety, the humanity, and directness of those works, or to realize that these composers were writing in the style and reflecting the taste of their period, for in such artists religious feeling and artistic impulse were one and the same thing. If music like Mozart's ''Exsultate jubilate," Pergolesi's Stabat Mater, or Haydn's Creation are to be excluded from the church, then, as Einstein points out, so should the circular panels of Botticelli depicting the infant Christ surrounded by Florentine angels.
Allegro in F major
Exsultate, jubilate O vos animae beatae. Dulcia canatica canendo Cantui vestro rcspondendo, Psallant aethera cum me.
Recitativo
Fulget arnica dies.
Jam fugere et nubila et procellae;
Exortus est justis inexpectata quies.
Undiquc obscura regnabat nox.
Surgite tandem laeti,
Qui timuistis adhuc
Et jucundi aurorae fortunatae.
Frondes dextera plena et lilia date.
Einstein, op. cit.
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Exult, rejoice,
O happy souls.
And with sweet music
Let the heavens resound,
Making answer, with me, to your song.
The lovely day glows bright,
Now clouds and storms have fled,
And a sudden calm has arisen for the just.
Everywhere dark night held sway before.
But now. at last, rise up and rejoice,
Ye who are not afeared,
And happy in the blessed dawn
With full hand make offering of
Karlands and lilies.
FOURTH CONCERT
Aria (Andante)
Tu virginium corona, Tu nobis paccm dona, Tu consolare affectus, Unde suspirat cor.
Allegro in F major AUeluja
And Thou, O Crown of Virgins, Grant us Peace, And assuage the passions That touch our hearts.
Alleluia
German Requiem.............Brahms
Whether the Requiem was inspired by Brahms's sorrow and need for comfort after the tragic death of his benefactor and friend, Robert Schumann, or wheth?er it was written as a memorial to the composer's mother, has not been definitely settled. Frau Schumann is quoted as having said, "We all think he wrote it in her memory, though he has never expressly said so." Herr Kalbeck argues strenuously that it was suggested by the tragedy of Schumann's death. Doubt?less both incidents led the composer to meditate upon death and upon sorrow and its consolation. The composition of the work occupied Brahms chiefly for five years. During this early Viennese period he was not negligent of other fields, having composed the Handel and Paganini variations, the two quartets for piano and strings, the Magelone Song Cycle, and many other vocal works.
"Never has a nobler monument been raised by filial love," was the way Joachim characterized the Rcquiefn in his address on the occasion of the Brahms Memorial Festival held at Meiningen in October, 1899. The death of his mother in 1865 and the completion of the work in 1868 lent strength to the belief that much of the text was selected and the music written to it with her memory in the mind of the composer. Perhaps the marvelously beautiful funeral march in the second division of the work had its inspiration in this source.
In the published score it contains seven divisions. The work was first heard at one of the concerts of the Gesellschaft in Vienna, December 1, 1867. The first three numbers only were sung on that occasion. On Good Friday of the next year it was given under the direction of the composer in the Cathedral of Bremen, at which time all of the work was complete except No. 5 (the soprano solo with chorus) which was not added until after the second performance at Bremen. The first performance of the entire work in its completed form took place in Leipzig in the Gewandhaus in February, 1869.
The German Requiem, without any connection with the Latin Catholic Mass for the Dead, draws its text from the Scriptures in German. Brahms selected his own text with great care, and although many critics have professed to trace a lack of unity in the work, a reading of the scriptural passages suffices to demon?strate that they exhibit a continuity which the composer developed in his music as well as in the text. The blessing pronounced by Christ on those who mourn, and the blessing of the Holy Spirit on the departed faithful, entered in the Revelation of St. John, make the beginning and end of the scheme similar
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in conception. Moreover, the same musical theme is used at the end of both the first and last choruses. Xor should one lose trace of the fact that although this great work is called a requiem, there is no hint of prayer being offered on behalf of the dead, but that throughout the work there recurs the underlying theme that ';sorrow shall be turned to joy" which not only gives textual unity, but directs the musical expression to the complete fulfillment of this thought.
The Requiem is not merely a collection of technical or spiritual subtleties, otherwise it would long ago have lost its power over mankind. It is the grandeur of its conception, its deep sincerity, the truthfulness of its religious ideals, and the profound spirit of devotion that gives the real structural and spiritual unity it possesses. The standard of vocal writing, both for soloists and the chorus, is of the highest. The maturity and power of the orchestration, the contrapuntal imagination, and the ingenuity of thematic development are comparable to any?thing found in the great symphonies. But these considerations, important as they are, become dwarfed in the profound and indelible impression the work produces on all thoughtful people.
Blessed Are They That Mourn........Chorus and Orchestra
Blessed are they that mourn for they shall have comfort.
--Matthew 5:4.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy, Who goeth forth and weepeth, and beareth precious seed. Shall doubtless return with rejoicing and bring his sheaves with him.
--Psalms 126:5-6.
The first section, which is a consolation for those who mourn, sets the mood for the entire work. The absence of first and second violins, and the more somber and full-toned expression of the lower strings seems eminently fitting as a color for the melodies and harmonies of the first division. Against this dark background the limpid simplicity and clarity of the voices creates a noble serenity.
Behold, All Flesh Is as the Grass............Chorus
Behold, all flesh is as the grass, and all the goodliness of man is as the flower of grass: for lo, the grass withereth and the flower thereof decaycth. But yet the Lord's word endureth forever more . . .
--I Peter 1:24--25.
Be patient therefor, brethren, until the coming of Christ. See how the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth and hath long patience for it until he receives the early rain and the latter rain. So be ye patient. . . .
--James 5:7--8.
The redeemed of the Lord shall return again and come rejoicing unto Zion: joy everlasting shall be upon their heads; joy and gladness shall be their portion; and tears and sighing shall flee from them.
--Isaiah 35:10.
In 1854, Brahms heard Beethoven's Choral Ninth Symphony (or the first time. He was so impressed that he decided to write a symphony in the same key. He completed only three movements which he later used in other works, the first two movements in the Piano Concerto in D minor; the third movement eventually became the music for this section of the Requiem.
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The second section is written with immense force; its tempo indication un modo marcia, contains the "Death March of the World" broken in upon by the hopeful cry, "Now therefore be patient, O my brethren, unto the coming of Christ." The march continues and seems to end hopelessly ("The flowers decayeth"). Suddenly and with tremendous force, the text, "Albeit the Lord's world endureth forever," is affirmed and the added phrase, "The redeemed of the Lord shall return again and come rejoicing unto Zion," inspires a musical setting which marvelously balances the joyous major mode against the somber mode of the first half of this number. The grave beauty created by the sudden change from the minor ghostliness of the funeral march to the bright major of the middle section with its comforting, patient, and tender music accom?panying the text, "See how the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth," makes the return of the "Death Dance" even more oppressive. Against a funereal saraband in the orchestra, the counterpoint of macabre voices creates an uncanny and forbidding tone that recalls the grisly and grotesque impression of the "Dance of Death" woodcut of Albrecht Durer. Brahms again emphasizes the central theme of the work, and dwells upon the phrase, "Joy everlasting," in a coda of unusual beauty, the final notes of the chorus vanish?ing without definitely ending, as if a vista into infinity were opened.
Lord, Make Me To Know the Measure of My Days on Earth
Lord, make me to know the measure of my days on earth,
to consider my frailty that I must perish. Surely, all my days here are as an hand-breadth to Thee,
and my lifetime is as naught to Thee. Verily, mankind walketh in a vain show, and their best
state is vanity. Man passeth away like a shadow, he is disquieted in vain.
he heapeth up riches, and cannot tell who shall gather them. Xow, Lord, O what do I wait for My hope is in Thee. But the righteous souls are in the hand of God.
nor pain nor grief shall nigh them come.
--39th Psalm.
As in the first section where grief and joy were brought into contrast, and in the second, where earthly anguish and the everlasting bliss of Heaven were opposed, so in this movement Brahms answers the uneasy doubts, perplexities, and moral suffering of man with divine repose and steadfastness. Thus the form of the separate numbers consists of two sections as a rule, based upon abrupt contrasts of both spirit and form.
The third movement is a fervent supplication sung by the baritone in infinite humility. There is a subtle moment when the soft calls of the low horns and kettledrums are suddenly silenced, and clear chords in the wood?winds are heard when the prayer continues with "Surely all my days here are as a handbreadth to Thee." From here the music is extended into everbroadening melodic lines, typical of Brahms. On the words "as naught to Thee" there is a precipitate fall into an unexpected pianissimo, after which a joyous uplifting
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at the words "my hope is in Thee" forms a short transition to the gigantic fugue that brings the movement to its conclusion.
How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place...........Chorus
How lovely is Thy dwelling place, O Lord of hosts!
For my soul, it longeth, yea, fainteth, for the courts of the Lord;
My soul and body crieth out, yea, for the living God.
Blest are they that dwell within Thy house;
They praise Thy name evermore!
--Psalms 84:1-4.
The fourth division, 'How lovely is Thy dwelling place, O Lord of hosts," shows Brahms in one of his melodious and opulently harmonic moods. The text, ';It longeth, yea fainteth, for the courts of the Lord," is almost literally translated into a miniature drama. The treatment of the words "living God" deserves especial attention, as it is one of the subtle beauties on which the composer must have expended his utmost skill; those few measures are some of the purest inspiration in the whole work, they are so simply expressed and yet so per?fectly balanced. The number closes with a strong affirmative treatment of the words "They praise Thy name forevermore."
This whole section is permeated by an atmosphere of peaceful happiness. The dead are in Gods hands, and for them are only calm, celestial joys.
Ye Now Are Sorrowful...........Soprano and Chorus
Ye now arc sorrowful, howbeit, ye shall again behold Me. and your heart shall be joyful and your joy no man taketh from you. I Soprano Solo: Look upon me; ye know that for a little time labor and sorrow were mine, but at the last I have found comfort.1
--John 16:22. Yea, I will comfort you as one whom his own mother comfortcth.
--Isaiah 66:13.
This part of the Requiem was added after the Bremen performance, and the death of Brahms's stepmother, to whom he was devoted. This is her monument. The infinite tenderness and yearning of the music welled up from an artist whose adoration for his mother had a profound influence over the whole course of his life. Here Brahms expresses the soaring spirit of the departed in the high, sustained notes of the soprano solo; occasionally the chorus in a chorale-chant interject, "as one whom his own mother comforteth.'' To the text "Ye shall again behold me,"' are set the same notes that appear as the opening figure of the accompaniment and are echoed in notes of double the length in the choral "Yea, I will comfort you." The contrast of feeling and form that ordi?narily accompany each section of the work are here noted between mourning and consolation.
Here on Earth Have We No Continuing Place . . . Baritone and Chorus
Here on earth have we no continuing place, howbeit, we seek one to come.
--Hebrews, 13:14.
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Lo, I unfold unto you a mystery. We shall not all sleep when He cometh but we shall all be changed, in moment, in the twinkling of an eye. at the sound of the trumpet. For the trumpet shall sound and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall all be changed. . . . Then, what of old was written, the same shall be brought to pass. For death shall be swallowed in victory. Grave, where is thy triumph Death, where is thy sting
--I Corinthians, 15:51-55.
Worthy art Thou to be praised, Lord of honor and might, for Thou hast earth and heaven created and for Thy good pleasure all things have their being and were created.
--Revelations, 4:11.
In this section of the Requiem the greatest climax of the work is reached. The chorus begins, "Here on earth we have no continuing place," and although in a somewhat forlorn mood, the faint hopes kindled heretofore are confirmed in the words of the baritone solo, "Lo, I unfold unto you a mystery," and lead through continuously mounting mystical harmonies to the words, "At the sound of the trumpets the dead shall be raised incorruptible and we shall all be changed." As death is swallowed up in victory so the climax of the ascendant faith is expressed in the fugal ending. ''Worthy art Thou to be praised." Musi?cally speaking, this is one of the most intense and uplifting creations in the whole range of music and is the real conclusion of the work. In this section the expected contrast is between death, the grave, and the last judgment and the thought of the resurrection.
Blessed Are the Dead Which Die in the Lord
Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth, Saith the spirit, that they rest from their labours, and that their works follow after them.
--Revelations, 14:13.
Here there is no dogmatic or liturgical reference in the text; no polyphonic complexity in the music. The same musical theme that accompanied the words "Blessed are they that mourn" at the beginning of the work is heard now at the end of the words "Blessed are'the dead," thus forming a complete cycle thematically and spiritually. Brahms is at his greatest when, in a mood of visionary absorption, he expresses sorrowful lamentation, serene resignation, and consolation as he does in the first and now in the last section where the opening theme is transfigured into a soft glow of eternal blessing, appeasement and reconciliation.
To the heart of a troubled world, the Brahms Requiem can give consolation and hope in the ultimate fulfillment of its deepest desire that all "sorrow shall be turned to joy."
FIFTH CONCERT
Tuesday Evening, April 23
Symphony in C major ("Jupiter"), K. 551 . . . . Mozart
Many of Mozart's early instrumental works resist classification because the distinctions of form we make today were not known in his time. The symphony was in the process of evolving from the Italian sinfonia or opera buffa overture, which was characterized by two fast movements separated by a contrasting slow one. It presented no other problem of formal construction and had no obligation to the work it preceded. It was purely light, gay, ceremonial music, and thus it remained in the hands of the Italians themselves until German composers in Vienna began to expand its form, about 1760, by inserting a minuet between the slow second and final fast movements, and evolving in general a more aggressive style. Mozart's various visits to Vienna, especially during the year 1767 and again briefly 1773, made him increasingly aware of the changes that were taking place in the Italian sinfonia at the hands of his own countrymen. The influence of the Viennese school upon Mozart, especially that of Franz Joseph Haydn, prevailed until 1777 when he visited Mannheim and heard its famous orchestra. In the Symphony in G minor, No. 25, K. 183, of 1773, he broke away noticeably from his earlier Italian models. His themes became more significant and their treatment more logical and dramatic: there was evidence that he was moving to greater freedom and individuality in the use of his instruments and that he was becoming more aware of effective balance between movements.
The four years between Mozart's seventeenth and twenty-first birthdays (1773-77) were spent in Salzburg. We know less about this period in his life than any other. Since he was at home with his family most of the time, there were few personal letters, which are the chief and most reliable sources of all biographical information concerning him. There is, however, a record of his compositions during these years that gives us some indication of his musical development. In the year 1774 alone, he created, besides the G minor, K. 183, three other symphonies--the C major, K. 200; the A major, K. 201; and the D major, K. 202. Of the three, the D major was the last one composed and the only one actually dated (May 5, 1774). These symphonies are particularly significant for they embody characteristics of his youth and promises of his maturity; they form the beginning of a transition to the monumental sym?phonies at the end of his life, the E-flat major, K. 543; the G minor, K. 550; and final C major "Jupiter," K. 551 on tonight's program.
During the summer of 1788, three years before his untimely death, Mozart was in dire mental distress. Ignored as a composer by musicians, slighted by
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his Emperor, Joseph II, without the security of a patron, and with his beloved Constanze ill and his finances at their lowest ebb, Mozart turned to his trusted, faithful friend and brother Mason, Michael Puchberg, for help. In a letter to him, dated June 17, 1788, we learn of Mozart's unhappy situation:
Dearest, Most Beloved Friend!
I have been expecting to go to town myself one of these days and to be able to thank you in person for the kindness you have shown me. But now I should not even have the courage to appear before you, as I am obliged to tell you frankly that it is impossible for me to pay back so soon the money you have lent me and that I must beg you to be patient with me! I am very much distressed that your circumstances at the moment prevent you from assisting me as much as I could wish, for my position is so serious that I am unavoidably obliged to raise money somehow. But, good God. in whom can I confide In no one but you, my best friend! If you would only be so kind as to get the money for me through some other channel! I shall willingly pay the interest and whoever lends it to me will, I believe, have sufficient security in my character and my income. I am only too grieved to be in such an extremity; but that is the very reason why I should like a fairly substantial sum for a somewhat longer period, I mean, in order to be able to prevent a recurrence of this state of affairs. If you, my most worthy brother, do not help me in this predicament. I shall lose my honour and my credit, which of all things I wish to preserve. I rely entirely on your genuine friendship and brotherly love and confidently expect that you will stand by me in word and deed. If my wish is fulfilled, I can breathe freely again, because I shall then be able to put my affairs in order and keep them so. Do come and see me. I am always at home. During the ten days since I have come to live here I have done more work than in two months in my former quarters, and if such black thoughts did not come to me so often, thoughts which I banish by a tremendous effort, things would be even better, for my rooms are pleasant, comfortable, and cheap. I shall not detain you any longer with my drivel but shall stop talking--and hope.i
One day before the date of this letter, Mozart completed the E-flat Sym?phony (K. 543), the first of his three last and greatest symphonies. Within less than two months he finished the other two, the G minor (K. 550) on June 25, which he wrote in the short span of ten days: and the C major ("Jupiter"), on August 10. From then on, music surged from him with increasing momentum until death finally stayed his hand. The actual circumstances of their creation are unknown, and the chances are he never conducted, or even heard them performed. "But," writes Alfred Einstein, "this is perhaps symbolic of their position in the history of music, and of human endeavor, representing no occasion, no immediate purpose, but an appeal to eternity."f
"Pace, pace, mio Dio," from La Forza del destino . . .Verdi
Giuseppe Verdi was born in La Roncole, October 10, 1813; died in Milan, January 27, 1901.
In La Forza del destino, written in 1862 and later revised in 1869, Verdi made obvious advances in musical style over II Trovatorc (1853) and La
The Emperor appointed Mozart later to the post of Court Composer, left vacant by Gluck, at the extremely low salary of 800 florin a year (Gluck had received 2000). He had to write nothing better than court dances on commission. "Too much for what I do, too little for what I could do," Mozart is supposed to have written on one of his tax returns
tric Letters of Mozart and his Family, ed. Anderson (London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd.. 1938), III, 1363.
tEinstcin, op. fit., p. 234,
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Traviata (1853). Equally melodious, the music reveals a greater seriousness and depth of purpose. The orchestral accompaniment, no longer a mere pedestal for the voice, is full-bodied and darkly hued; the harmonies are richer and more varied. The score, which anticipates the later Don Carlos (1867), A'ida (1871), Simon Boccancgra (1881), and Otello (1887), is surcharged with genuine dramatic feeling and tragic foreboding.
The beauty of the music atones for the incredibility of the tale of this gloomy opera, which takes place in Spain in the early years of the eighteenth century.
Avoiding the tortuous labyrinth of its plot, it tells the story of Don Carlos' revenge upon his sister Leonora and her lover Don Alvaro for the accidental death of his father, the Marquis of Calatrava. Pursued by every turn of fate, Leonora seeks refuge in a cave near the monastery at Hornacuelos, where, in the robes of a nun, she attempts to evade the "'force of destiny."
Don Carlos is wounded by Don Alvaro, who, thinking he has killed him, enters the monastery as a monk. Don Carlos pursues his enemy to the very entrance of Leonora's cave, and there is mortally wounded by Don Alvaro. Leonora rushes to embrace her dying brother, who, gathering his last strength, stabs her to the heart. Don Alvaro then throws himself from the cliff upon the rocks below.
The aria, ''Pace, pace, mio Dio" (''Peace, Peace, My Lord"), is sung by Leonora in Act IV, Scene 2. She comes from her cavern to pray, still tortured by memories of her ill-fated love. She prays for peace in a melody of haunting beauty, which rises more and more poignantly as memories of Alvaro come crowding back. In it she exclaims that her longing for peace is in vain, and she finally implores Heaven to let her die.
"Ritorna vincitor" from Aida..........Verdi
A'ida was written for the Khedive of Egypt and was first performed in Cairo, December 24, 1871, and since that time has exerted its perennial appeal wherever in the world opera is performed. For A'ida has no rivals in the field for the dramatic power of its music and the living intensity of its plot.
Stirring choruses and magnificent orchestration, myriads of vibrant colors, abundance of pure Italian melody against richly-moving harmonies sound throughout a story of intrigue, love, hate, jealousy, and sacrifice. All this is acted, with attending pomp and spectacular pageantry, against the background of an Egyptian and Ethiopian war in the time of the Pharaohs.
Aida, daughter of Amonasro, King of Ethiopia, has been captured by the Egyptians and is a slave at the Court of Memphis. She and the young soldier Rhadames have fallen in love. The Ethiopians, under the command of Amonasro, have invaded Egypt to rescue Aida, and Rhadames is named to lead the Egyptian army against them. Aida, forgetting temporarily her native land, and under the spell of her love for Rhadames, joins the frenzied crowd in their
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cry, "Return victorious." Left alone, after their departure, Ai'da expresses the conflict in her heart between her duty to her father and her love for Rhadames:
Return victorious! From my lips went forth these blasphemous words for the enemy of my father who now takes arms to save me. Recall them, O gods, return me to my father; destroy the armies of our oppressors. But shall I call death upon Rhadames Love, break thou my heart and let me die! Hear me, you gods on high.
"Paganiniana," Divertimento for
Orchestra, Op. 65........Alfredo Casella
Alfredo Casella was born in Turin, Italy, July 25, 1883; died in Rome, March 5. 1947.
The themes that form the musical material for this work belong to the great violin virtuoso of the past century, Niccolo Paganini. Today there is little respect left for Paganini as a composer; the tendency is to accuse him rather of trickery and bad taste, and to feel that, except for a few technical effects and indications as to the lengths to which instrumental virtuosity might be developed, the world has not profited by his advent. In his day, however, the greatest composers of the times, besides recognizing that Paganini was endowed with a mechanical perfection that surpassed belief, paid tribute to his creative talent as well. One of Chopin's earliest compositions was Souvenir dc Paganini; Berlioz composed Harold in Italy for him, as a violist; Schu?mann dedicated a movement of his Carnaval (section 15, Intermezzo, "Paga?nini") and also transcribed several of his violin caprices for the piano (Seeks Concertetudien componiert nach Capriccn von Paganini, Op. 3); Liszt pro?duced a series of studies based on Paganini works (Six grandes etudes dc Paganini); and two sets of variations. Twenty-eight variations (Studien) for piano solo were composed by Brahms on a theme from Paganini "s twenty-fourth Caprice in A minor.
Alfredo Casella, composer, critic,scholar, pianist, and teacher, was a leading figure in the contemporary musical scene of his day. He gave to the younger generation of Italian composers a fresh impetus by infusing into the lagging artistic life of his country a new creative energy. Although he spent a great deal of his early life in Paris in direct contact with the great impressionists Debussy and Ravel, they had little if any influence upon his art, which re?mained indigenously Italian. He did form a new and fresh nationalistic style, however, which he based on the instrumental masters of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries but treated with many of the melodic and harmonic devices current in contemporary music.
"Paganiniana" was composed for the centenary of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Casella conceived this brilliant work not only to display the tech?nical prowess of this celebrated orchestra, but also to extol the virtuosity of the fabulous Paganini.
The printed study score of "Paganiniana" published by the Vienna Edition Philharmonia lists the sources of Casella's thematic material as follows: the
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first movement (allegro agitato) is based upon four themes from Paganini's Violin Capriccios, nos. 5, 12, 16, and 19. The second movement (polachetta) turned to the Quartet, Op. 4, for violin, viola, cello, and guitar. The third movement {romanza) is from an unpublished composition entitled "The Spring." The finale {tarantella) is based upon a theme from Paganini's music that bears the same title.
"Voi lo sapete" from Cavalleria Rusticana .... Mascagni
Pictro Mascagni was born in Leghorn. Decem?ber 7. 1S63; died in Rome, August 2, 1945.
In 1889 Mascagni was lifted from utter obscurity to the pinnacle of fame when he won a prize offered by the music publisher, Sonzogno, for the best one-act opera. Using the libretto by G. Targioni-Tozzetti and G. Menasci, which was adapted from a simple Sicilian tale by Giovanni Verga, Mascagni com?posed his opera in eight days. Its success was immediate, and wild enthusiasm and excitement swept over the audience at its first performance at the Costanzi Theater in Rome, May 17, 1890. Medals were struck in his honor, and the King of Italy conferred upon him the Order of the Crown of Italy; and since its first sensational production, Cavalleria Rusticana has held its place for over half a century as one of the most genuinely dramatic operas in existence. Mascagni was never able, in his many attempts, to duplicate its success. His shallow vein of musical invention ran dry and he descended into oblivion as a composer as suddenly as he arose to fame. But as long as opera exerts its power upon us, his name will be kept alive by this momentary but superb manifestation of his genius.
Turiddu, a young Sicilian peasant, returns from the war to find his sweet?heart, Lola, wedded to Alfio. For consolation he courts Santuzza, who loves him desperately. Soon tiring of her, he turns again to Lola, who encourages him. Santuzza, in despair, informs Alfio of Lola's faithlessness. In fury Alfio challenges Turiddu and kills him.
Stung by the great wrong done her, Santuzza pours out her heart's grief and anguish to Lucia, the mother of Turiddu:
Well you know, Mother Lucia, how Turiddu plighted his troth to Lola before he left for the war, and how he turned to me for love. Now Turiddu and Lola love again, and I can only weep and weep and weep!
"Un bel di" from Madama Butterfly......Puccini
Giacomo Puccini was born in Lucca, Italy. Decem?ber 22, 1858; died in Brussels, November 29, 1924.
For his operas, Manon Lcscaut (1893) and La Bohcmc (1896), Puccini re?ceived extravagant praise from the press and the public and was established in the front rank of the younger Italian operatic composers. His next opera, Tosca (1900), was received coldly, and Madama Butterfly, at its premiere at
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FIFTH CONCERT
La Scala on February 17, 1904, was hissed. The reason for the sudden and temporary antagonism to this score is difficult to find, for in a slightly revised version (division into three acts and addition of a tenor aria in the last scene) performed in Brescia on May 28 of the same year, the opera was received with frenzied applause and critical approbation. With this success, Puccini became the acknowledged ruler of the Italian operatic world and the recognized successor to the great Verdi.
Madama Butterfly was based on a magazine story by John Luther Long, dramatized by the author and David Belasco, and turned into a libretto by Illica and Giocosa. The tragic story of the little Japanese maiden Cio-Cio-San, forsaken by her American husband, and the warm passionate music of Puccini's score will always make their poignant appeal as long as audiences respond to basic emotions of love, hate, and pity in the theater, and to the power of music to evoke in us these emotional states.
This most popular of all operatic arias climaxes a scene in Act II in which Cio-Cio-San has been discussing the return of her husband with her maid Suzuki. In it she reassures herself and Suzuki that some fine day a great ship will appear far on the horizon and the boom of the cannon will announce its arrival in the harbor. They will see him coming from a distance, climbing a hill. Cio-Cio-San will hide for a moment, then she will hear him call her his 'Butterfly." So let all fears be banished, he will return!
"Vissi d'arte" from Tosca..........Puccini
Called by Verdi the most promising of his successors, Puccini, who even today may be said to dominate modern opera composers, justified his master's prophecy by a career of uninterrupted success from the date of his first dra?matic venture Le Villa, 1884, to his very last unfinished work Turandot, 1924. Tosca, Puccini's fifth opera, ranks among the three most popular of his works, along with La Bohcmc and Madama Butterfly.
In the work from which this evening's aria is taken, Puccini exhibits his genius in adjusting both instrumental and vocal effects to the implications of the text without sacrificing the inherent capacities of either mode of expression. At the same time he drew his characters with a sure hand and interpreted brilliantly the compelling situations of the dramatic action. The plot, based upon a drama written by Victor Sardou as a vehicle for the great Bernhardt, is gloomy and intensely tragic, but is occasionally relieved by such lyrical scenes as the popular aria on tonight's program.
The opera takes place in Rome during the Napoleonic wars and revolves around the opposing political factions of the time. Scarpia, the villainous chief of police, has arrested the painter Mario Cavaradossi ostensibly for his political views. Actually, he desires to possess the famous opera singer, Tosca, who is in love with Mario. In Act II, Scarpia summons her to appear before him and presents her with the choice between certain death for her lover or submitting
5 7
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
to his demands. Pleading with him, Tosca asks why such misery has fallen to her when she has devoted her life only to art and love and charity.
Waltzes from Der Roscnkavalier.......R. Strauss
Richard Strauss was born in Munich. June 11, 1864; died in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, September 8, 1949.
"If it's Richard, we'll take Wagner; if it's Strauss, we'll take Johann," wrote a Berlin critic after hearing the first performance of Der Roscnkavalier in 1911. But this is not the critical opinion today.
No other of the Strauss scores has endeared him to so large a public, for no other abounds in such geniality, tenderness, and charm. Nor are there many of his pages that reveal such a wealth of mellifluous and engaging melody or such opulent, and at the same time, transparent orchestration.
To a public shocked and antagonized by the consuming lust and appalling frankness of Salome (1902) or by the repellent decadence and crushing disson?ance of Electra (1903), the warm humanity and gentility of this comedy of manners, with its engaging intrigue and its appealing blend of wit and pathos, buffoonery and nostalgic charm, came as a great relief that restored to the late Victorians their faith in decency and good taste.
Der Roscnkavalicr is a comedy of eighteenth-century Vienna, written by von Hofmannsthal. It tells the story of a charming woman's reconciliation to her advancing years, and her noble renunciation of a love that has turned from her to a younger woman. The story, relieved by scenes of humor that verge on the bawdy, is so permeated with the spirit of human understanding, humility, and wisdom that it never fails to leave the spectator with a renewed faith in the goodness of living.
The waltzes that occur throughout the opera, particularly at the end of Act II, are mostly associated with the capers of the fat, lecherous, but impoverished Baron von Lerchenau as he dances around the room, delighted with the outcome of his immediate amorous plans.
58
NOTES ON THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA AND MAY FESTIVAL ARTISTS
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA, with the five concerts of the 1968 May Festival, performs here for the thirty-third consecutive year. Organized in 1900 under Fritz Scheel, it followed for a dozen years under the leadership of Carl Pohlig, who was succeeded by Leopold Stokowski. In 1940 Eugene Ormandy became the fourth Musical Director. No other orchestra has traveled so far (12,500 miles in an average season) or so often as the Philadelphia group, which has made history through its touring. In 1936 it made its first of seven transcontinental tours; in 1949 the orchestra toured the British Isles in its first foreign pilgrimage; and in 1955 it made its first continental European tour. Last May, immediately following the May Festival concerts, they embarked upon a Far Eastern tour. The Orchestra will be in residence at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center during August for their third season at that Festival.
EUGENE ORMANDY, Music Director of the Philadelphia Orchestra, has appeared annually at these May Festival concerts since 1937. He began his prominent conducting career with sudden impetus in 1931 when he substituted for Toscanini, conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra. On that occasion a rep?resentative of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra who was in the audience immediately signed Ormandy as guest conductor, which won for him the permanent post, and where he continued until 1936. Born November 18, 1899, in Budapest, Ormandy's early musical training began at the age of five at the Royal Academy of Music in Budapest. At nine he became the pupil of the great violinist, Jeno Hubay, after whom he was named. He received his pro?fessor's diploma at seventeen and was given degrees in violin playing, compos?ing, and counterpoint. He concertized, then taught at the State Conservatory in Budapest before coming to the United States to seek his fame and fortune. Mr. Ormandy became an American citizen in 1927. He is a Commander of the Order of Dannebrog, First Class, a Knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland, and (as of February 18, 1966) Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland for his "meritorious services in promoting Finnish-American Friendship." He is also holder of the Sibelius Medal and the medals of the Mahler and Bruckner societies. He has been awarded honorary doctoral degrees from twelve leading universities, including The University of Michigan (at the May Festival of 1952).
59
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
THOR JOHNSON, Guest Conductor of the May Festival, has conducted the University Choral Union performances with the Philadelphia Orchestra since 1940, except for four years when he was serving with the United States Army. He is now Music Director of the Nashville Symphony Orchestra. Johnson lived most of his early life in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He was graduated from the University of North Carolina and later received a master's degree in music at The University of Michigan. In 1935, under a Beebe Founda?tion Scholarship, he studied in Europe with conductors Weingartner, Abendroth, Malko, and Bruno Walter. Upon his return he became conductor of the Uni?versity Symphony Orchestra, organized and conducted the University Little Symphony which toured throughout the country, founded the Mozart Festival in Asheville, North Carolina, and also served as conductor of the Grand Rapids Symphony. During World War II, as Warrant Officer in the United States Army, Johnson conducted the first Symphony Band and taught for the Armed Services at Schrivenham, England. Upon discharge he conducted the Juilliard Orchestra for one year before accepting the directorship of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, a position he held for eleven years. During that period he made special guest conductor appearances with the Symphony of the Air, including its Far Eastern tour. From 1959 to 1964 he was head of orchestral activities at Northwestern University. From 1964 to 1967 he was Director and Vice-President of the Interlochen Arts Academy. As a member of the President's Advisory Com?mittee on the Arts, he was sent to Iceland. Czechoslovakia, Korea, the Philippines, and Japan for guest conducting and surveys. He is also Director of the Peninsula Music Festival in Wisconsin, the Moravian Music Festivals, and the Chicago Little Symphony.
LESTER McCOY, Conductor of the University Choral Union since 1947, prepares the chorus in the works performed in the May Festival and each Advent season conducts the Choral Union, with orchestra, and guest solo artists in the traditional Messiah concerts. He received his Master of Music degree from The University of Michigan in 1938. Before com?ing to Ann Arbor he trained and taught at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa. He served as Minister of Music of the First Methodist Church in Ann Arbor from 1947 to 1967, and from 1958 to 1964 he conducted the Michigan Chorale, a group of Michigan high school seniors, which toured in Europe and South America during the summer as part of the Youth for Understanding Student Exchange Program, sponsored by the Washtenaw Council of Churches. Beginning in the autumn of 1964, Mr. McCoy became Musical Director of "Musical Youth International," which has since toured Mexico and Europe.
EILEEN FARRELL, Connecticut-born dramatic soprano, first came before the public as a radio star. She had her own weekly program on CBS in the late 1940's. Her operatic debut took place in 1955 in Tampa, Florida. In 1958 she opened the San Francisco Opera season with Cherubini's "Medea," a role which established her as one of the great dramatic sopranos of our time.
60
NOTES ON FESTIVAL ARTISTS
In 1960 her Metropolitan Opera debut won her twenty-two curtain calls and wide critical acclaim. She has often sung with the New York Philharmonic, most recently last fall in the opening concerts of their 125th anniversary season. Her versatility includes oratorio, art songs, and "pop" music. She has sung in London, Berlin, and the Spoleto Festival in Italy. Her appearances across America have been as recitalist, soloist with symphonies, and as a member of the Bach Aria Group. Married to Robert Reagan, they have two teenage children, making their home in New Hampshire. This Festival appearance marks Miss Farrell's fifth visit to Ann Arbor.
JUDITH RASKIN, soprano, is a native New Yorker who made her professional debut in Ann Arbor in the role of "Susanna" with the NBC Opera's tour production of The Marriage of Figaro in 1957. After this and other roles in the NBC telecasts, roles followed in the Santa Fe Opera Company, the American Opera Society, and the New York Opera Company at City Center. Her Metropolitan Opera debut came in 1962, in the role of "Susanna." Sub?sequent roles have included "Nanetta" in Falstaff, "Sophie" in Der Rosen-kavalicr, and "Pamina" in The Magic Flute. Stravinsky chose her for "Anne" in his own opera The Rake's Progress. Recordings and recitals of Bach, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Brahms, Mahler, and Strauss won her recognition as one of the finest "lieder" singers of the world. She comes directly to Ann Arbor from recording sessions of Bach's St. Matthew Passion with the Phila?delphia Orchestra. Married, she lives with her husband and two children in New York City.
JEAN SANDERS, Pennsylvania-born mezzo-soprano, made her formal debut in a warmly praised New York Town Hall recital, followed in 1957 with her operatic debut with the New York City Opera at City Center. Since then she has sung with the Baltimore Opera, the Connecticut Opera, the New Orleans Opera, the Philadelphia Grand Opera, and the Canadian Opera Company. She sang the coveted leading mezzo role of "Carmen" in the Ann Arbor per?formance with the New York City Opera in 1965, following her engagement in the Messiah performances the previous year. More recently Miss Sanders has sung with the Oratorio Society of New York, the American Opera Society, and as soloist with several American symphony orchestras.
LEOPOLD SIMONEAU, Canadian tenor, makes his Ann Arbor debut in Honegger's King David. Born to Choirmaster Joseph Simoneau and Olivine Boucher, a singer, he was the last in a family of ten children. Beginning early in life as a soloist in a choir, he sang in operettas at the age of seventeen, and within a few years began his professional career. He won the Montreal Symphony Soloist Grant over thirty other competitors. He made his operatic debut with the Varietes Lyriques de Montreal, singing the leading role in Mignon seven times in eleven days. Since then his world-wide reputation has been gained as leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera, the Vienna State Opera,
61
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Milan's La Scala, the Paris Grand Opera, the Munich State Opera, the Teatro Colon of Buenos Aires, and the Chicago Lyric Opera. In every medium of the singer's art, he has won renown. Mr. Simoneau is married to Canadian singer, Pierrette Alarie. They have appeared together in joint recitals, operas, and recordings. They are the parents of two daughters, Isabelle, 12, and Chantal, 11.
THEODOR UPPMAN, California born, has sung performances in all of the United States, except Alaska, appearing in Ann Arbor on one previous occasion in an all-Gershwin concert in the 1953 Choral LTnion Series. He made an auspicious debut at the Metropolitan Opera thirteen years ago in Pelleas et Melisandc under Pierre Monteux. Singing the title role of Benjamin Britten's opera Billy Budd in its world premiere at Covent Gardens in the 1951-52 series first prompted his singing-acting acclaim which spread to Paris and led to performances of that role on NBC Television Opera Theatre. He has sung with the New York City Opera Company, The Voice of Firestone, Bell Tele?phone Hour, and with the major symphony orchestras. Mr. Uppman and wife, Jean, with their two children Margot and Michael, live in New York City.
ANTHONY DI BONAVENTURA, young pianist from Philadelphia, will close his busiest concert season with the Ann Arbor Festival appearance, playing the same concerto he performed in the first concert of the Philadelphia Orchestra's 1967-68 season. Tn October he made his Carnegie Hall debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra, under Ormandy, and in February his Lincoln Center debut with the New York Philharmonic and William Steinberg. He comes to his first Ann Arbor appearance directly following his fifth European tour. Tn 1966, Mr. di Bonaventura made a State Department sponsored tour of Europe, per?forming in Hungary. Belgium, Denmark, Sweden. Finland, and Luxembourg. He had earlier played with the Royal Philharmonic in London, with the Vienna Symphony under Carl Schuricht. and with the Philharmonic Orchestra under Otto Klemperer--these music centers are a long way from his native West Virginia. Studies in New York City, and at the Curtis Institute of Music, with Mme Isabelle Vengerova prepared him for his career. Delayed two years in the Army, he then made his debut in a Washington recital.
CLAUDE FRANK, pianist, first arrived in the United States in 1941, via Brazil, following flights through Spain. Portugal. France, the Belgium Congo (under a Czechoslovakian passport), from his native Germany. There, when eleven years old Claude Frank first played for Artur Schnabel, and as soon as he located Schnabel in New York City in 1941 he was accepted as a Schnabel student. In 1944, he was drafted into the U.S. Infantry, and after VE day he accompanied his commander into each German village they occupied to take over the individual houses for the troops. In 1946, Frank resumed his studies with Schnabel and at Columbia University; and that summer studied conducting at Tanglewood under Koussevitsky. Later at Marlboro, with Serkin, came the beginning of his concert life. In 1956, he
62
NOTES ON FESTIVAL ARTISTS
toured Europe, and in 1959 he made his New York Philharmonic debut under Leonard Bernstein. More recently he has made numerous appearances with the Boston Symphony. This is his first appearance in Ann Arbor.
GLENN D. McGEOCH, program annotator for the annual May Festival Program Book, has been associated with the University School of Music since 1931, and is at present Professor of Music Literature and chairman of the Department of Music Literature and History. He holds two degrees from the University of Michigan and has studied further at Peabody Conservatory, Baltimore, Cornell, New York, and Wayne Universities in this country; and at Cambridge, England, and Munich, Germany. He initiated the first extension courses in music literature in the early 193O's and has since lectured extensively throughout the state under the joint sponsorship of the University of Michigan and the Wayne State University Adult Education division.
THE UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION
Thor Johnson, Guest Conductor
Lester McCoy, Conductor
David Cornell, Pianist
FIRST SOPRANOS
Austin, Patricia K. Bradstreet, Lola M. Burr, Virginia A. Coffman, Judith A. Colvin, Myra S. Cook, Shirley A. Donaldson, Kathryn Foreman, Carol V. Gockel, Barbara R. Grimm, Annabelle Hanson, Gladys M. Hawk, Gloria L. Headen, Nancy H. Heitzman, Diedra Hesselbart, Susan Hinzman. Lillian M. Hiraga. Mary L. Hoener, Elaine E. Hurst. Alice Jerome. Ruth Jones, Jacqueline King, Kathleen Luecke, Doris L. Malan, Fannie Belle Malila, Elida M. Mason, Coral L. McDonald, Ruth M. Mohler, Carroll J. Myers, Melissa B. Park, Kyungduck Permut, Cathy H. Pickett, Jean A. Pierce. Judith Pittaway, Louise D. Redman, Mary G. Richards, Kathleen Rodriguez, Karen Roznoy, Melinda Stewart-Robinson, E. Stoel. Karen Ann White, Myra W. White, Sally R. Wilks, Kathleen J. Wilson, Miriam L.
SECOND SOPRANOS
Baker, Laura Barter, Patty R.
64
Bernstein, Judith S. Buchanan, Gale F. Burmeister, Patricia A. Cannon, Kathy D. Cazepis, Helen Cornell, Gail Ann Cuadrado, Pepi Datsko, Doris Mae Dauphim, Cecile Diskin, Karen Ford, C. Gay Fry, Susannah Giles, Nancy S. Gill, Sandra J. Karaspostoles, LaVaughn Horning, Alice R. Keating, Patricia J. Kellogg, Merlyn L. Kontny, Elizabeth A. Larsen, Mary K. Leftridge, Sharon L. Lehmann. Judith T. MacDonald. Alice F. MacLennan. Barbara McArtor, Jane C. McMaster, Carolyn J. McXall. Marcia Miller, Joyce A. Murray, Marilyn R. Xeuman, Judy Ogilvie, Joan H. Owens. Lavonia G. Oyer, Thelma M. Petty, Eleanor Sayer, Karen Slee, Beth Ellen Slee, Debora A. Vlisides, Elena C. Weaver, Kathy P. Wickens, Linda K. Widiger, Susan J. Young. Ethel L.
FIRST ALTOS
Abrams, Gloria S. Beam, Eleanor P. Brown, Marion W. Cole, Patricia J. Dejonge, Elizabeth Eastman, Bernice
Ensign, Freda A. Evans, Daisy E. Fcldkamp, Lucy G. Fowler, Lucille B. Harting. Kathrine Hirshfeld. Lucy V. Hogan, Sharon A. Kempton, Judith A. Kimmcl, Helen G. Kister, Susan S. Klein, Linda S. Konrad. Martha R. Lane, Rosemaric Leonard. Wendy L. Manson, Hinda Marsh, Martha M. Mayer, Carol Ann McAdoo, Harrieta A. McCoy, Bernice I. Mehler, Hallie J. Meyer, Gretchen E. Moore, Sharon B. Xewton. Hollis H. Pfennigstorf, Hcika Reidy, Dorothy E. Rubinstein, Sallie Scott, Linda T. Segal, Deborah A. Smith, Marguerite Swinford, Georgiana Voigt, Maryanne Waage, Jean K. Wargelin, Carol G. Wendt, Christine A. Wicdmann, Louise P. Wolfe, Charlotte Wood, D. Jean
SECOND ALTOS
Arnold. Helen M. Asr.ius, Susan M. Baird, Marjorie A. Bedell, Carolyn P. Blake, Susan J. Bogart, Gertrude J. Brandt, Nancy Jean Clayton, Caroline S. Coleman, Mary F. Cross, Joyce A. Crossley, Winnifred
UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION
Eisenhardt, Elizabeth Enkemann, Gladys C. Forsyth, Uenc H. Gates, Dolores I. Haab, Mary E. Johnson, Elizabeth Johnston, Theolia Jolosky, Marcy Rae Knight, Mona J. Kubiak, Donna L. Lidgard, Ruth M. Liebscher, Erika M. Lovelace, Elsie VV. Lovitt, Elaine B. Mastin. Neva M. Mencher, Lenorc S. Miller, Rene S. Mills, Donna J. Murphy, Rosalind E. Oehler,'Eileen L. Olson, Constance Parker. Fannie R. Payne, Ruth Pratt, Barbara Rakoff, Leslie Karen Raymond, Deborah A. Richardson, Gloria Roeger, Beverly B. Rubenstein, Lisa Schutjer, Marlys Slater, Beverly N. Sorensen. Cynthia Stebbins, Kathryn Sweet, Elizabeth O. Taylor, H. Alicia Thomas, Carren Ann Wilkc, Mary Lou Williams. Xancy P. Wilson. Johanna K.
FIRST TENORS
Baker. Hugh E. Brandt, Carl D. Cathey, Owen Dimkoff, Graydon Franke. George M.
Kaeuper, David H. Lowry, Paul T. Meininger, James H. Newton, Clyde A. Reidy, James J. Rottschafter, J. Mark Scherdt, Erwin Schultz, Stanley T. Wilks, Graham
SECOND TENORS
Barrett. Martin A. Beyer, Hilbert Bikle, Charles H. Boughner, Donald F. Clark, Harold R. Cornell, David Enns, Philip G. Galbraith. Merle G. Haines, Michael C. Holtz, Charles L. Jones, Charles E. Kohn, Dr. Thomas Raub, James R. Repola, Kenneth L. Settler, Leo H. Smith, Douglas I. Starring, Robert J. Weamer. Alan P.
FIRST BASSES
Barritt, Loren Beam, Marion L. Brueger, John M. Burr, Charles F. Clayton. Joseph F. Cross, Harry Lee Damborg. Mark J. Eisenhardt, G. Harris Fitzgerald, John D. Glenn, Steven Grapentine, Carl J. Hagerty, Thomas F. Hall, Lawrence E.
Haworth, Donald L. Herrcn, Donald C. Huff, Charles R. Kays, J. Warren Kissel, Klair H. Lanini, Kent P. Luria, Eric McMaster, Ronald A. Miller, Dean F. Risenhoover, Morris Rothenberg, Jeffrey W. Savory, James E. Smethurst, Everett W. Waldrcn, Ray Allen Weigl, Robert Curt Wickens, Christopher
SECOND BASSES
Bond, Howard Carpenter, Robert D. Cutler, Xorman Joel Gates. Frederick K. Gill, Douglas E. Herre. James E. Hunsche, David F. Layher, Thomas A. Lehmann, Charles F. Lohr, Lawrence L. Loukotka, Joseph J. Mastin, Glenn G. Mathern, Thomas D. McAdoo, William P. Mindell, Paul D. Mueller, David J. Oberhausen, Richard O'Connor, Alfonso Peterson, Robert R. Petty, Mark A. Preston. Robert E. Randolph. David G. Schonschack, Wallace Slec, Vergil N. Sommerfeld, Roy T. Steinmctz, George P. White. Donald E. Zimmerman, Eric H.
0 5
THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA
Eugene Ormandy. Music Director and Conductor William Smith, Assistant Conductor
Boris Sokoloff, Manager Joseph H. Santarlasci, Assistant Manager
VIOLINS Norman Carol
Conccrtmaster David Madison
Associate Conccrtmaster William de Pasquale
Associate Conccrtmaster Morris Shulik Owen Lusak David Grunschlag Frank E. Saam Frank Costanzo David Arben Barbara de Pasquale Max Miller Jacob Stahl Ernest L. Goldstein Sol Ruden Meyer Simkin Louis Gesensway Cathleen Dalschaert
Irvin Rosen Robert dc Pasquale Armand Di Camillo Joseph Lanza Herbert Light Isadore Schwartz Jerome Wigler Norman Black Irving Ludwig George Dreyfus Larry Grika Julia Janson Manuel Roth Benjamin Sharlip Louis Lanza Stephane Dalschaert
VIOLAS
Joseph de Pasquale James Fawcett Leonard Mogill Gabriel Braverman Sidney Curtiss Darrcl Barnes Leonard Bogdanoff Paul Ferguson Wolfgang Granat Irving Segall
66
Donald R. Clauser Arthur Lewis
VIOLON'CELLOS Samuel Maycs Elsa Hilger' Harry Gorodetzer Francis de Pasquale Joseph Druian William Saputelli Winifred Maycs Bert Phillips Barbara Haffner Marcel Farapo Lloyd Smith Santo Caserta
BASSES Roger M. Scott Ferdinand Maresh Neil Courtney F. Gilbert Eney Carl Torello Wilfred Batchelder Samuel Gorodetzer Michael Shahan Emilio Gravagno
FLUTES
Murray W. Panitz Kenneth E. Scutt Kcnton F. Terry John C. Krell, Piccolo
OBOES
John dc Lancic Stevens Hewitt Charles M. Morris Louis Rosenblatt. English Horn
CLARINETS Anthony M. GiRliotti Donald Montanaro Raoul Querze Ronald Reuben, Bass Clarinet
BASSOONS Bernard H. Garfield John Shamlian Adelchi Louis Angelucci Robert J. Pfeuffer, Contra Bassoon
HORNS Mason Jones Nolan Miller Leonard Hale John Simonelli Herbert Pierson Glenn Janson
TRUMPETS Gilbert Johnson Donald E. McComas Seymour Rosen fold Samuel Krauss
TROMBONES Tyrone BrcuninRer M. Dec Stewart William McGlaughlin Robert S. Harper, Bass Trombone
TUBA
Abe Torchinsky
TIMPANI
Gerald Carlyss Michael Bookspan
BATTERY Charles E. Owen Michael Bookspan Alan Abel Manuel Roth
CELESTA, PIANO. AND ORGAN
William Smith Marcel Farapo
HARPS
Marilyn Costello Margarita Csonka
LIBRARIAN
Jesse C. Taynton PERSONNEL MANAGER
Mason Jones STAGE PERSONNEL
Edward Barnes, Manager
Theodore Hauptlc
James Sweeney PHOTO PUBLICITY
Adrian Siepel
THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
PRESIDENTS
Henry Simmons Frieze, 1879-1881 and 1883-1889
Alexander Winchell, 1881-1883 and 1889-1891
Francis W. Kelsey, 1891-1927
Charles A. Sink (Executive Secretary, 1904-1927); 1927-
MUSICAL DIRECTORS
Calvin B. Cady, 1879-1888 Albert A. Stanley, 1888-1921 Earl V. Moore, 1922-1939
CONDUCTORS
Thor Johnson, 1939-1942 Hardin Van Deursen, 1943-1947 Thor Johnson (Guest), 1947-Lester McCoy, Associate Conductor, 1947-1956; Conductor, 1956-
ADMINISTRATORS
Ross Spence (Secretary), 1893-1896 Thomas C. Colburn (Secretary), 1897-1902 Charles K. Perrine (Secretary), 1903-1904
Charles A. Sink (Executive Secretary, 1904-1927); President, 1927-Gail W. Rector (Assistant to the President, 1945-1954); Executive Director, 1957-
THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY, which this year observes its eighty-ninth season, was organized during the winter of 1879-80 and was incorporated in 1881. Its purpose was to maintain a choral society and an orchestra, to provide public concerts, and to organize and maintain a school of music which would offer instruction comparable to that of the University in its schools and colleges. Ars longa vita brcvis was adopted as its motto. In 1894, as a climax to its offerings, the "First Annual May Festival" was inaugurated. Gradually the number of concerts in the Choral Union Series was increased to ten, and the May Festival, from three to six concerts. In 1946, with the development of musical interest, a supplementary series of concerts was added-the Extra Concert Series. Handel's Messiah, which had been performed at intervals through the years, became an annual production. Since 1946 it has been given in two performances each season; and since 1965, three performances are scheduled each year. Beginning with 1967. The May Festival has comprised five concerts.
The "Ann Arbor School of Music" was organized in 1879 and in 1892 was reorganized as Ihe "University School of Music." In 1929 the University provided partial support, and students and faculty were given University slatus. In 1940 the University Musical Society relinquished full control and responsibility for the School to The University of Michigan.
THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
Since 1941 an annual Chamber Music Festival of three concerts has been held in Rackham Auditorium; and, since 1962, an annual Dance Festival of three events. During the season the Chamber Arts Series of seven attractions takes place and the Summer Concert Series of four recitals is scheduled for July. Last summer as a special tribute to the University Sesquicentennial Celebra?tion, the eleven-concert Fair Lane Festival was presented at the site of the Henry Ford mansion, now part of the Dearborn Campus of The University of Michigan. Thus, at the close of its eighty-ninth year, the Musical Society will have presented, throughout the season, fifty-three major events by dis?tinguished artists and organizations from a dozen countries.
THE UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION was an outgrowth of a "Messiah Club," made up of singers from several local churches. For a decade and a half, assisted by distinguished professional artists and organizations, it participated in numerous Choral Union concerts. In addition to its Messiah concerts, since 1894 it has performed at the annual May Festivals, offering a wide range of choral literature over the years (see pages 99 and 100). The chorus membership numbers about three hundred singers, including townspeople and students.
68
THE ANN ARBOR MAY FESTIVAL
Maintained by the University Musical Society and founded by Albert A. Stanley and his associates on the Board of Directors in 1894
MUSICAL DIRECTORS
Albert A. Stanley, 1894-1921 Earl V. Moore, 1922-1939
CONDUCTORS
Thor Johnson, 1940-1942 Hardin Van Deursen, 1943-1946 Thor Johnson (Guest), 1947-
GUEST CONDUCTORS
Gustav Hoist (London, England),
1923, 1932 Howard Hanson (Rochester), 1926,
1927, 1933, 1935 Felix Borowski (Chicago), 1927 Percy Grainger (Australia), 1928 Jose Iturbi (Philadelphia), 1937
Georges Enesco (Paris), 1939 Harl McDonald (Philadelphia),
1939, 1940, 1944
Virgil Thomson (New York), 1959 Aaron Copland (New York), 1961 Igor Stravinsky (Los Angeles), 1964 Robert Craft (Los Angeles), 1964
ORGANIZATIONS
The Boston Festival Orchestra, Emil Mollenhauer, Conductor, 1894-1904.
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Frederick Stock, Conductor, 1905--1935. Eric DeLamarter, Associate Conductor, 1918-1935.
The Philadelphia Orchestra, Leopold Stokowski, Conductor, Saul Caston and Charles O'Connell, Associate Conductors, 1936; Eugene Ormandy, Con?ductor, 1937, 1938; Eugene Ormandy, Conductor, Saul Caston, Associate Conductor, 1939-1945; Eugene Ormandy, Conductor, Alexander Hilsberg, Associate Conductor, 1946-1953, and Guest Conductor, 1953; Eugene Ormandy, Conductor, 1954--; William Smith, Assistant Conductor, 1957-.
The University Choral Union, Albert A. Stanley, Conductor, 1894-1921; Earl V. Moore, Conductor, 1922-1939; Thor Johnson, Conductor, 1940-1942; Hardin Van Deursen, Conductor, 1943-1947; Thor Johnson, Guest Con?ductor, 1947-; Lester McCoy, Associate Conductor, 1947-1956, and Con?ductor, 1957-.
The Festival Youth Chorus, trained by Florence B. Potter, and conducted by Albert A. Stanley, 1913-1918. Conductors: Russell Carter, 1920; George Oscar Bowen, 1921-1924; Joseph E. Maddy, 1925-1927; Juva N. Higbee, 1928-1936; Roxy Cowin, 1937; Juva N. Higbee, 1938; Roxy Cowin, 1939; JuvaN. Higbee, 1940-1942; Marguerite Hood, 1943-1956; Geneva Nelson, 1957; Marguerite Hood, 1958.
1894-Ann Arbor May Festival-1968 Presented by
1967-THE UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY-1968
of The University of Michigan
Seventy-five-year Resume of Artists Presented and Music Performed at the May Festival
MAY FESTIVAL PERFORMING ARTISTS
SOPRANOS
Adele Addison--63 Leonora Allen--15 Perceval Allen--09, 11 Selma Amansky--39 Sara Anderson--99, 00, 02 Florence Austral--26 Rose Bampton--33, 36, 44 Inez Barbour--14 Frances Bible--60 Lillian Blauvelt--05 Alice Bliton--IS Anne Bollinger--48 Lucrezia Bori--21, 34 Inge Borkh--56 Anne Brown--46 Leslie Brown--01 Hilda Burke--31, 38 Clara Bussing--04 Montserrat Caballe--66 Emma Calve--97 Frances Caspari--02, 03.
04, 06
Leonora Corona--23, 3i Shanna Cumming--03 Phyllis Curtin--62 Agnes Davis--38 Lisa Delia Casa--60 Bernice de Pasquali--11 Ruth Dichl--46 Claire Dux--24, 30 Florence Easton--22 Eileen Farrell--51, 68 Maude Fay--17 Anna Fitziu--19
70
Kirsten Flagstad--37 Olive Fremstad--09 Johanna Gadski--98 Mabel Garrison--16 Lucy Gates--17 Dusolina Giannini--24, 30 Alma Gluck--12, 14 Frances Greer--61 Hilde Gueden--56 Nanette Guilford--30 Emily Hagar--25 Janice Harsanyi--61, 65, 66 Ethyl Hayden--30, 35 Judith Hellwig--42 Frieda Hempel--15, 16, 22 Xorma Heyde--50 Florence Hinkle--12, 13, 14,
21
Jane Hobson--56 Fredericka Hull--27 Helen Jepson--35, 39 Ada Johnson-Konold--15,
16, 18, 21, 24
Lois Johnston-Gilchrist--
17, 18, 19, 27
Emma Juch-Wellman--94,
00
Suzanne Keener--23 Evta Kileski--02 Dorothy Kirsten--59 Maude C. Kleyn--15, 16, 21 Olive Kline--15 Ilona Kombrink--59 Nina Koshetz--33
Emmy Krueger--24 Leone Kruse--28 Marjorie Lawrence--38 Thelma Lewis--26, 28, 36,
37
Juliette Lippc--32 Goeta Ljungberg--32 Anna Lohbillcr--99 Kathrina Lohse-Klafsky--96 Florence MacBeth--23 Mary MacKcnzic--61 Charlotte Maconda--06 Lois Marshall--54, 55, 56,
59, 64
Doris Marvin--16 Edith Mason--29 Dorothy Maynor--40, 41 Marjorie McClung--32 Ruth McCormick--31 Virginia McWatters--48 Zinka Milanov--44, 53, 54 Mildred Miller--67 Josephine Mitts--26 Marie Montana--28 Mary Moore--35 Xina Morgana--24 Patrice Munscl--52 Claudia Muzio--18 Patricia Neway--52 Birpit Nilsson--61 Lillian Nordica--95 Jarmila Novotna--41 Mildred Olson--36 Odina Olson--26
PERFORMING ARTISTS
Jane Osborne-Hannah--10 Dorothy Park--35, 36 Adele Parkhurst--22 Frances Pcralta--25 Gwendolyn Pike--31 Lily Pons--31, 36, 40, 43,
54, 58
Rosa Ponselle--19, 27, 34 Leontyne Price--57, 60, 65 Marie Rappold--13 Judith Raskin--68 Lillian Read--05, 06 Regina Rcsnik--47 Elisabeth Rethberg--37 Corinne Rider-Kelsey--
07, 08, 10
Anita Rio--02, 03, 04 Ruth Rodgers--32 Stella Roman--43 Shirley Russell--49
Sibyl Sammis-MacDermid--
10, 11
Bidu Sayao--44, 46, 48 Gcraldine Schlemmer--25 Jean Seeley--36 Marcella Sembrich--99 Myrna Shadow--18, 20 Betsy Lane Shepard--27 Lura Simpson--26 Lenora Sparkes--20, 21 Mrs. V. E. Spitzkey--01 Burnette Staebler--36 Eleanor Steber--45, 52 Rise Stevens--51, 55, 57 Rose Stewart--94, 95, 96 Grete Stueckgold--33 Marie Sundelius--26 Joan Sutherland--64 Pia Tassinari--49
Rosa Tcntoni--40 Helen Traubel--42, 47 Veronica Tyler--67 Jeannette van der
Vepen-Raume--2 7 Helen Van Loon--32 Astrid Varnay--43, 52 Galina Vishnevskaya--67 Thclma von Eisenhauer--44 Jeannette Vreeland--29, 34,
36
Jennifer Vyvyan--66 Jennie Walker--98 Louise Walsworth--26 Dorothy Warenskjold--S3 Susanne Watt--54 Ljuba Welitch--50 Frances Wood--97 Marie Zimmerman--01
MEZZO-SOPRANOS AND CONTRALTOS
Mabelle Addison--23 Merle Alcock--19, 21, 28,
30
Doris Ambos--26 Marian Anderson--38, 39,
42, SO
Elsie Baker--27 Rose Bampton--33, 36, 44 Katherine Bloodgood--96,
97
John Bogart (boy alto)--66 Isabclle Bouton--00, 03, 06 Sophie Braslau--16, 27, 29 Margaret Calvert--26 Bruna Castagna--38 Lilli Chookasian--62, 66 Loretta Degnan--25 Hope Bauer Eddy--33, 35 Cloe Elmo--48 Maureen Forrester--65 Coe Glade--34 Hertha Glaz--45 Jeanne Gordon--23 Mina Hager--32 Louise Homer--02, 03, 04,
17, 19, 26 Doris Howe--21
Nora Crane Hunt--IS, 18,
21
Clara J. Jacobs--01 Josephine Jacoby--99 Anna Kaskas--47 Margaret Keyes--09, 10, 14,
15
Minerva Komenarski--19 Jeanne Laval--26 Carolina La2zari--20 Augusta Lenska--25, 26 Myrtle Leonard--35 Martha Lipton--56, 57 Margarete Matzenauer--16,
17, 18. 20, 28
Kathryn Meisle--22, 25, 30 Christine Miller--17 Janice Moudry--53 Florence Mulford--04, 11,
12
Grace Munson--06 Rosalind Nadell--45, 46 Eunice Northrup--26 Margarete Ober--15 Nell Rankin--55 Eleanor Reynolds--31 Emma Roberts--18 Fielding Roselle--01
Jean Sanders--68 Anna Schram-Imig--17 Ernestine Schumann-Heink
--00, 01, 07, 08, 13, 27 Daisy Force Scott--05 Bessie Sickles--26 Janet Spencer--97, 98, 02.
07, 08, 11 Gertrude Stein-Bailey--94,
95, 96, 98, 05 Suzanne Sten--41 Gladys Swarthout--39, 49 Enid Szantho--40, 41, 42 Nell Tangeman--48 Marion Telva--28, 37 Blanche Thebom--50, 51, 54 Kcrstin Thorborg--43, 44 Blanche Towle--99 Claramae Turner--58 Nevada Vander Veer--12,
29 Cyrena Van Gordon--21,
22, 31
Jean Watson--46 Tann Williams--49 Rosalie Wirthlin--13 Elizabeth Wysor--39
TENORS
Paul Althousc--18, 22, 28,
29, 30, 34, 35, 36 Waldie Anderson--66, 67
Jacques Bars--04 Kurt Baum--54 Daniel Beddoe--09, 10
Joseph T. Bern---03 Barron Berthald--96, 97, 98, 02
71
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Jussi Bjoerling--46 George Oscar Bowen--21 Giuseppe Campora--67 Fernando Carpi--19 Arthur Carron--37 Giuseppe Cavadore--39 Leslie Chabay--55 Mario Chamlee--22, 25 Holmes Cowper--04 Richard Crooks--26, 29 Albert Da Costa--60 Tudor Davies--28 Horace L. Davis--16 Coloman de Pataky--51 Murray Dickie--65 Andreas Dippel--03 Shirley Field--26 Warren Foster--36 Maurice Gerow--37, 38 Beniamino Gigli--23, 32 Dan Gridley--30 Arthur Hackett--19, 27, 34 William Hain--46 Glenn P. Hall--01, 02, 06 James Hamilton--18, 20, 31 George J. Hamlin--99 Orville Harrold--21 Harold Haugh--49, 50, 53,
56 Frederick Jagel--31, 32, 33,
43, 45, 47
Howard Jarratt--59 Edward Johnson--07, 08,
20
Fred Killcen--06, 07, 12 Morgan Kingston--16, 17 Felix Knight--42 Stanley Kolk--66 Arthur Kraft--23 Charles Kullman--41, 44 Forrest Lamont--24 William H. Lavin--98 Hipolito Lazaro--18 Emmett Leib--32 Richard Lewis--62 David Lloyd--48, 61 Charles Marshall--21, 23 Riccardo Martin--14, 22 Giovanni Martinelli--15,
17, 18, 26, 35,36,38, 39,
40
Nino Martini--38 John McCollum--54, 63, 64 John McCormack--16 J. H. McKinley--97 Lauritz Melchior--37 Harry Mershon--21 Reed Miller--11, 12 Robert Miller--33 G. Leon Moore--00 James Moore--02
Rhys Morgan--25 Lambert Murphy--13, 14,
15, 21 Odra Ottis Patton--18, 26,
27, 28, 29 Marshall Pease--02 Jan Peerce--39, 42, 50 Rudolf Petrak--56, 57 William Rieger--95, 98 Frank Ryan. Jr.--25, 28 Tito Schipa--24 Alfred D. Shaw--01, 05 Clarence Shirley--99 Leopold Simoneau--68 Sidney Straight--29 Charles Stratton--26 Brian Sullivan--58 Royden Susumago--26, 27 Set Svanholm--49, 52 Ferruccio Tagliavini--47 Armand Tokatyan--27 Edward C. Towne--94 Ellison Van Hoose--05, 06,
12
Theodore Van Yorx--07 William Wegener--03 William Wheeler--20 Walter Widdop--31 William Wilcox--26 Evan Williams--96, 00, 01
BASSES
V. Roy Alvord--01 Pasquale Amato--13, 14, 16 Salvatore Baccaloni--43, 46 Vicente Ballester--24, 25 Chase Baromeo--16, 17, 21,
24, 28,30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
38
Mario Basiola--28 Donald Bell--63 Ara Berberian--61 Joseph T. Berry--03 Sidney Biden--10 Mark Bills--35 David Bispham--98, 00, 05 Richard Bonnelli--26, 29,
30, 38, 39 Kim Borg--60 John Brownlee--44 Giuseppi Campanari--96,
97, 99, 01, 04, 06, 07, 10 William Clarke--95 Louis Cogswell--12
72
Horatio Connell--11 Norman Cordon--39, 40, 41 Philip Culkin--26, 28 Claude Cunningham--08 Royal Dadmun--24 Fred Daley--05 Vernon D'Arnalle--OS Giuseppe Del Puente--98 Giuseppe Denise--23 Robert Dieterle--16, 18, 19,
20, 21, 22
Allen A. Dudley--10 Philip Duey--52 Nelson Eddy--31, 32, 43, 49 Nelson Eddy (of Ann
Arbor)--33 Aurelio Estanislao--59 Wilbur Evans--35 Keith Falkner--36 Bernard Ferguson--18 Ezio Flagello--67 George Galvani--33
Emilio dc Gogorza--02, 03,
04, 07, 19
Donald Gramm--57, 62 Marion Green--12 John Gurney--47 William Gustafson--29 Richard Hale--40
(narrator)
Mack Harrell--41, 42, 50, 52 Theodore Harrison--15, 21,
26
Max Heinrich--94, 95, 96 Ralph Herbert--64 Barre Hill--25, 26, 27, 29 Jerome Hines--63 William Wade Hinshaw--13,
17 Gustaf Holmquist--16, 17,
19, 21 William Howland--98, 00,
01, 02, 03, 06, 07, 08, 10 Julius Huehn--36
PERFORMING ARTISTS
Maurice Judd--26 Earle Killeen--02, OS, 08, 09 Alexander Kipnis--40, 43 Otto Koch--26 Raymund Koch--28 Gardner Lamson--96, 97 Carl Lindegren--33 George London--52, 58 Giuseppe de Luca--17, 18 Frederic Martin--02, 03, 04 George Matthews--31 Robert McCandliss--21, 29 Robert McFerrin--57 Morlcy Meredith--55 Robert Merrill--57 Heinrich Meyti--97 Arthur Middlcton--18, 21 Gwilym Miles--99, 00, 01,
06
Sherrill Milnes--66 Carlo Morelli--37 Xicola Moscona--45, 46, 57 Frederick Munson--13
David Nash--18 Oscar atzka--51 Maxim Panteleieff--35 Fred Patton--31 James Pease--48 Rollin Pease--22 Ezio Pinza--37. 39, 47 Leon Rothier--20 Titta Ruffo--20 Carl Schlegel--22 Henri Scott--13, 14, 23, 25 Andres de Segurola--19 Frederic Shaffmaster--36 Cesare Siepi--53, 65 William Simmons--27 Martial Singher--49, 58 Herman Skoog--3i Kenneth Smith--53 Yi-Kvei Sze--58, 66 John Charles Thomas--32,
33 Lawrence Tibbett--25, 27,
29, 41
Charles Tittmann--25 Giorgio Tozzi--59 Theodore Trost--26 Theodor Uppman--68 Hardin Van Deursen--38 William Warfield--54, 55, 61 Leonard Warren--48 Theodore Webb--34, 35 Robert Weede--40 Reinald Werrenrath--14, 16,
n
John White--30
Clarence Whitehill--11, 15,
23
Myron Whitney, Jr.--99 Lawrence Winters--56 Herbert Witherspoon--05,
06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 12 James Wolfe--26, 27 F. Howland Woodward--02 Renato Zanelli--20 Otto Zelner--01
NARRATORS
Rabbi Barnett Brickner--42 Edwin Burrows--63 Marvin Diskin--61 Richard Hale--40 William Halstead--36
Nancy Heusel--61 Richard Hollister--16 Paul Leyssac--30, 35, 45 Hugh Norton--61 Jerrold Sandier--61
Erica Stiedry--56 Thomas Trueblood--97 Thcodor Uppman--68 Yera Zorina--61, 64
PIANISTS
Victor Babin--56 Gina Bachauer--57 William Bachaus--22 Harold Bauer--IS, 24, 36 Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler--
03, 21
Jorge Bolet--52, 68 Anthony di Bonavcntura--
68 Alexander Brailowsky--43,
53, 57
Joseph Brinkman--32 John Browning--61 Robert Casadesus--47 Van Cliburn--64, 67 Elizabeth Davies--26, 27 Jeanette Durno-Collins--05 Phillipe Entremont--64 Rudolf Firkusny--53 Leon Fleisher--48 Claude Frank--68 Dalies Frantz--27
Arthur Friedheim--94 Ossip Gabrilouitsch--19, 25 Rudolf Ganz--18 Glenn Gould--58 Gitta Gradova--32 Gary Graffman--66 Percy Grainger--28, 30 Ethel Hauser--26, 27 Josef Hofmann--29 Ernest Hutcheson--02, 27 Eugene Istomin--61 Jose Iturbi--41 Byron Janis--56, 62 Grant Johannesen--55, 63 Alberto Jonas--96, 97 William Kapell--46, 50, 51 Ethel Leginska--17 Tina Lerner--10 Oscar Levant--45 Mischa Levitzki--26, 34 Josef Lhevinne--20, 35 Eugene List--37
Albert Lockwood--01, 07 Pierre Luboshutz--44 Guy Maier--30, 33 Benno Moiseiwitsch--49 Genia Nemenoff--44 Ignace Paderewski--31 Lee Pattison--30, 33 Sergei Rachmaninoff--42 Sviatoslav Richter--65 Artur Rubinstein--38, SI, 54 Gyorgy Sandor--58, 62, 66 Ernest Schelling--23 Artur Schnabel--40 Peter Serkin--63 Rudolf Serkin--39, 45, 55,
59, 60, 63
Martinus Sieveking--95 Brahm Van Den Berg--06 Elsa Von Grave--98, 99 Yitya Yronsky--56 James Wolfe--50
73
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
ASSISTING PIANISTS
Andre Benoist--26 Helen Blume--25 Anna Broene--22 Ava Case--21, 22, 24 Minnie Davis-Sherrill--10,
IS William E. Dotv--31
Mabel Rhead Field--21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,32,33,34,35,42
Irene Finlay--23
Lucille Graham--23
Frances Hamilton--17
Frank La Forge--18
Maud Okkelberg--32 Dorothy Wines Reed--20 Stuart Ross--27, 34 Edwin Schneider--16 Wilma Seedorf--21 Josefin Vollmer--29
ORGANISTS
E. Power Biggs--63 Richard Keys Biggs--17 Joseph Bonnet--18 Palmer Christian--24-44 Henry Church--07 Charles Courboin--19 Eric DeLamarter--22, 23 William Doty--34, 35 Clarence Eddy--95
Ralph Kinder--16 Edwin Kraft--20 Philip La Rowe--23 John McClellan--96 Robert Noehren--61 Kenneth Osborne--33 Llewellyn Renwick--97, 99,
00, 01, 02, 03, 08, 09, 10,
11, 12, 15
August Schmidt--05, 06 Leopold Stokowski--36 Mary McCall Stubbins--
49, SO, S3, 54, 55, 58, 65,
67, 68
Frank Taber--20 Frieda Op't Holt Vogan--M,
48
VIOLINISTS
Ruth Breton--31
Anshel Brusilow--60, 62, 64
Guila Bustabo--34
Mischa Elman--25, 48
Georges Enesco--39
Henri Em--OS
Zino Franccscatti--45, S3,
56
Carroll Glenn--M Jascha Heifetz--33, 41 Joseph Knitzer--37 Jacob Krachmalnick--54 Leopold Kramer--07
Fritz Kreisler--43 Sylvia Lent--24 Lea Luboshutz--27 Nathan Milstein--44, 46, 50,
52
Mischa Mischakoff--32 Jeanne Mitchell--55 Erica Morini--49 Ruth Posselt--35 Michael Rabin--58 Benno Rabinof--28 Ruggiero Ricci--30
Erna Rubinstein--23 Albert Spalding--26, 38 Tossy Spivakovsky--SI Isaac Stern--47, 63 Marian Strublc--21 Bernard Strum--00, 01 Joseph Szigeti--40, 57 Charles Treger--64 Anthony Whitmire--23 Felix Winternitz--94 Herman Zeitz--96, 97 Efrem Zimbalist--29, 36
VIOLISTS
Anshel Brusilow--61 Robert Courte--59
Joseph de Pasquale--65, 66
William Primrose--SO
CELLISTS
Emanucl Feucrmar.n--40, 42 Fritz Giese--94 Arthur K. Hadley--00 Alex Heindl--98 Alfred Hoffmann--01
74
Lome Munroe--54, 60,
61, 62 Gregor Piatigorsky--41, 44,
49
Leonard Rose--54 Mstislav Rostropovich--67 Bruno Steindel--OS, 07 Carl Webster--03
PERFORMING ARTISTS
MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS
Alfred Barthel (Oboe)--09 Marilyn Costello (Harp)--
60 Bernard Garfield (Bassoon)
--63 Anthony Gigliotti
(Clarinet)--63 Gilbert Johnson (Trumpet)
--63
Mason Jones (Horn)--64 William M. Kincaid (Flute)
--45, 48, SO, 59, 60 John Krell (Piccolo)--57 John de Lancie (Oboe)--63 Ernest Liegl (Flute)--32 Alice Lungershausen
(Harpsichord)--50
Leopold de Mare (French
Horn)--08
Charles North (Flute)--97 Van Veachton Rogers
(Harp)--94, 95, 96 Alberto Salvi (Harp)--24 Andres Segovia (Guitar)--
60 Frank Versaci (Flute)--43
75
MAY FESTIVAL REPERTOIRE
SYMPHONIC
Albert, Eugene d'
Overture to the Improvisatore--09, 33 Alfven "Midsummer Wake," Swedish Rhapsody,
Op. 19--16, 22
Symphony No. 3 in E major, Op. 23--17 Andrea Serenade for Strings, Flutes,
Harp and Bells--01 Bach, J. C. Sinfonia in D major, for Double
Orchestra (Ormandy)--43 Bach, J. S.
Air on the G String--56, 66, 67 Aria (Stokowski)--36 Chaconne (Gesensway)--59 Chorale: O God, in Heaven Above
(McDonald)--66 Chorale Prelude: Jesu, Joy of
Man's Desiring--37 Chorale Prelude: O Man, Thy Grievous
Sin Lament (Ormandy)--40. 45 Chorale Prelude: Sleepers Awake, A
Voice is Calling (Ormandy)--40 Come, Sweet Death (Stokowski)--36, 54 Concerto No. 2 in F major, for Trumpet
and Strings ("Brandenburg")
(Allegro only)--34 Concerto No. 3 in G major, for String
Orchestra ("Brandenburg")--35 Concerto No. 4 in G major, for Solo
Violin, Two Flutes, and String
Orchestra ("Brandenburg")--30 Concerto No. 5 in D major, for solo
Piano, Violin, Flute, and Orchestra
("Brandenburg")--32, 50 Fugue a la Gigue (Hoist)--32 Fugue in G minor (Stokowski)--36 Passacaglia (Stokowski)--36 Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor
(Stock)--30
(Ormandy)--47, 67 Praeludium, Choral and Fugue
(Abert)--97, 23 Prelude and Fugue in B minor
(Caillet)--38 Prelude and Fugue in C minor
(Ormandy)--55 Prelude and Fugue in E-flat major,
"St. Anne's" (Stock)--34 Prelude and Fugue in F minor--37
Suite Xo. 2 in B minor, for Strings
and Flute (S. 1067)--45 Suite No. 3 in D major (S. 1068)--94,
00, 06, 19, 25, 29 Toccata and Fugue in D minor
(Stokowski)--36
(Ormandy)--48, 51, 54, 60, 66 Toccata, Adagio, and Fugue in
C major (Weiner)--48 Toccata, Intermezzo, and Fugue
in C major (Ormandy)--42 Vater Unser im Himmelreich
(Dubensky)--38 Balakireff Oriental Fantasy, "Islamey"
(Casella)--43 Bantock Overture to "The Pierrot of the
Minute"--11 Barber
Adagio for Strings, Op. 11--49, 57 Essay for Orchestra, No.2--53 Bartok
Concerto for Orchestra--55, 67 Bax
In the Faery Hills--33 Beethoven Goethe's Tragedy, "Egmont"
(excerpts)--40 Overture to "Coriolanus" in C minor,
Op. 62--05, 12, 34, 62 Overture to Goethe's "Egmont," Op.
84--01, 30, 39, 40, 54, 58, 65, 68 Overture to "Fidelio," Op. 72b--16 Overture to "Leonore," Op. 72,
No. 2--00, 35 Overture to "Leonore", Op. 72, No. 3--
94, 00, 06, 15, 18, 25, 27, 37, 39, 43, 52,
57, 60, 64 Overture to "The Creatures of
Prometheus," Op. 43--49 Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21--
36, 45 Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 36--
31, 37 Symphony No. 3 in D-flat major,
Op. 55 ("Eroica")--19, 27 Symphony No. 4 in B-flat major,
Op. 60--05, 65 Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67--
02, 13, 25, 39, 55, 66
REPERTOIRE
Symphony No. 6 in F major, Op. 68
("Pastoral")--00, 30, 62 Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92--
04, 07, 16, 27, 41, 44, 54, 60, 64 Symphony No. 8 in F major, Op. 93--
09, 57 Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125
("Choral")--34, 42, 45, 66 Berc
Lulu (excerpts)--63 Berlioz Overture to "Benvenuto Cellini,"
Op. 23--99, 08, 14, 22, 50 Overture to "Le Carnaval Romain,"
Op. 9--94, 16, 26, 28, 44 Overture to "Le Corsaire," Op. 21--60 "The Damnation of Faust," (excerpts) --
98, 08, 56 Romeo and Juliet, Dramatic
Symphony. Op. 17 (Ball Scene)--07 Symphonic fantastique, No. 1, Op. 14a
51, 63 Bizet
Ballet Music from Carmen--98 Dramatic Overture, "Patrie," Op. 19--20 Suite. "L'Arlesienne," No. 1--95 Suite. "Children's Games," Op. 22--
01, 27, 32
Symphony No. 1 in C major--56 Blacker Variations for Orchestra on a
Theme by Paganini, Op. 26--56 Bloch
"America," an Epic Rhapsody--29 Concerto Grosso No. 2 for
String Orchestra--55 Borodix Polovetzian Dances, from
Prince Igor--26, 42, 64 A Sketch of the Steppes of
Central Asia--31 Symphony No. 2 in B minor--11 Borowski
Fantasie-Overture, "Youth"--27 Brahms Academic Festival Overture, Op. 80--
98, 05, 13, 15, 22, 37, 39, 44, 46, 53, 54,
57, 59, 67 Hungarian Dance No. 6 in
D-flat major--54 Hungarian Dances Nos. 17-21
(Dvorak)--13, 23 Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68--
15, 29, 36, 39, 43, 44, 67, 68
Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 73--
06, 09, 40, 45, 47, 63, 66 Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 90--
17, 25, 48, 59, 67
Symphony No. 4 in E minor. Op. 98--
12, 26, 34, 37, 46, 56 "Tragic" Overture, Op.81--00 Variations on a Theme by Haydn,
Op. 56a--40, 54, 59, 63 Bruch
Prelude to Loreley, Op. 16--23 Bruckner Symphony No. 9 in D minor
("Unfinished")--31
BUXTEHUDE
Passacaglia (Caillet)--63 Carey "America," National Anthem--13, IS, 17,
18, 19 Carpenter
Overture, A Pilgrim Vision--24 Casella
Paganiniana, Op. 65--59,68
Rhapsody, "Italia," Op. 11--15, 26 Chabrier
Espaiia--98, 06, 43
Overture to "Gwendoline"--98
Entre'act from "Gwendoline"--95 Chad wick
Overture, "Melopomene"--95
Symphonic Sketches--96
Ballade, "Tarn O' Shanter"--22 Charpentier
Suite, "Impressions of Italy"--10, 14 Chausson
Symphony in B-flat major, Op. 20--
19, 26, 31 Cherubini
Overture to Anacreon--95 Overture to Der Wassertrager--02 Copland
Music for a Great City--66 Orchestral Variations--61 Quiet City, for Trumpet, English
Horn, and Strings--58 Suite from "The Tender Land"--61
CORELLI
Suite for Strings, Op. 5--40, 51 Cornelius Overture to "The Barber of Bagdad"--08
COUPERIN
Overture and Allegro from the Suite "La Sultane" (Milhaud)-50, 55 Creston Chant of 1942--45
77
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Symphony No. 1, Op. 20--43
Symphony No. 2, Op. 35--47
Symphony No. 3, Op. 4S
("Three Mysteries")--51 Debussy
Canope; Minstrels (O'Connell)--36
Cortege and Air de danse--11
"Iberia," Images for Orchestra, No. 2--29
March Ecossaise--11
La Mer--34, 37
Nocturnes: Nuages; Fetes--24, 64
Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faun--07, 10, 18,38,44, 57
Reflets dans l'eau (Ormandy)--41 DeLamarter
Suite from "The Betrothal"--30 Delibes
Ballet Music from "Coppelia": Valse a la Poupee; Csardas--99
Intermezzo from the Ballet NaJla--94
Suite from the Ballet Sylvia--19 Delius
A Dance Rhapsody--17
"Life's Dance"--15 Dello Joio
Epigraph--55
DOHNANYI
Suite in F-sharp minor for Orchestra,
Op. 19--16, 22, 28, 32, 35, 58 Dubois
Three Pieces for Orchestra--97 Dukas
"La Peri"--23 Scherzo, "The Sorcerer's Apprentice"--
10, 18, 23, 35, 38 Dvorak
Overture to "Carnival," Op. 92--05, 19 Dramatic Overture, Husitzka, Op. 67--
21, 31
Overture, In der Natur, Op. 91--00 Overture, Othello, Op. 93--17 Scherzo capriccioso, Op. 66--11 Slavonic Dance in C major, Op. 46,
No. 1--24 Slavonic Dance in A-flat major,
Op. 46, No. 3--24, 29 Symphony No. 6 in D major, Op. 60
(Old No. 1)--59 Symphony No. 8 in G major, Op. 88
(Old No. 4)--65
Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 95 (From "New World"--Old No. 5)--01,
05
78
Elbel The Victor's March (Howland)-52,
53, 56, 67 Elcar Concert Overture, Cockaigne, Op. 40
("In London Town")--24 Incidental Music and Funeral March
from "Grania and Diarmid," Op. 42--
17 Overture, In the South (Alessio),
Op. 50--07, 10 March in D major from "Pomp and
Circumstance," Op. 39, No. 1--
14, 18, 23 Suite, The Wand of Youth, Op. 1,
No. 2--13, 18 "Enigma" Variations on an Original
Theme, Op. 36--08 Enesco Roumanian Rhapsody in A major,
No. 1, Op. 11--39 Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major,
Op. 13--39 Falla, de Interlude and Dance from La Vida
Breve--38, 44 Suite from The Three-Cornered Hat--
37, 43 Faure Pavane, Op. 50--44
FlNNEY
Symphony No. 2--60 Foote
Thenv and Variations, and Finale,
from Suite in D minor, Op. 36--00 Franck
Symphonic Poem No. 2, "Le Chasseur Maudit"--12, 20
Symphonic Poem, "Les Eolides"--01
Symphony in D minor--10, 14, 23, 40, 58 Geminiani
Andante for Strings, Harp, and Organ--
39 German
Ballet Music from Henry VIII--95 Gilardi
Gaucha con Botas Nuevas--37
GlNASTERA
Variacioncs Concertantes--60 Glazounoff
Overture, Carnaval, Op. 45--11 Overture, Solennelle, Op. 73--05 Suite from the Ballet, Ruses d'Amour,
Op. 61--07, 35 Suite, Scenes de Ballet, Op. 52--27
REPERTOIRE
Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major,
Op. 48--28
Symphony No. 6 in C minor, Op. 58--03 Valse de Concert No. 1 in D major,
Op. 47--08 Valse de Concert No. 2 in F major,
Op. 51--22, 29 Gliere Sailors' Dance, from the Ballet
Red Poppy--34 Symphonic Poem, Les Sirenes, Op. 33--
15, 32 Glinka "Kamarinskaya," Fantasy for Orchestra
on Two Russian Folk Songs--45 Goldmark Overture, In Springtime, Op. 36--
11, 15, 26, 31
Overture, Sakuntala, Op. 13--96, 17 Symphony No. 1, in E-flat major, Op. 26
("The Rustic Wedding")--99, 05, 16 Gounod
Hymn to St. Cecilia--99 Grainger Mock Morris--17 Molly on the Shore--17, 24 Shepherd's Hey--17 Gran ados
Intermezzo from "Goyescas"--37 Gretry Ballet Suite from "Cephale et Procris"
(Mottl)--10, 62 Grieg Two Elegies for String Orchestra,
Op. 34--98
Lyric Suite, from Op. 54--08 Guilmant Symphony in D minor, Op. 42,
for Organ and Orchestra--03 Hadley
Festival March--00 Overture, In Bohemia, Op. 28--24 Handel
Concerto in D major for Orchestra
(Ormandy)--41, 56 Concerto Grosso in D minor, Op. 3,
No. 5 (Ormandy)--Overture--42 Fantasia in C major (Caillet)--38 Overture in D major (Wullner)--27 Suite of Dances from the Opera, Alcina--
65 Suite from Music for the Royal
Fireworks (Harty)--63 Suite from the Water Music
(Ormandy)--41, 47
(Harty)--44
Harris
Symphony No. 3--57 Hauc
Passacaglia--52 Haydn Symphony in C major, No. 7
(B. & H. No. 7) "Le Midi"--35, 53 Symphony in G major, No. 88
(B. & H. No. 13)-5, 57 Symphony in G major, No. 92
(B. & H. No. 16) "Oxford"--33 Symphony in D major, No. 101
(B. & H. No. 4) "The Clock"--48 Symphony in E-flat major, No. 103 ' (B. & H. No. 1) "With Timpani Roll" --01 Variations on the Austrian National
Hymn--00 Herbert
Irish Rhapsody--18
Prelude to Act III, Naloma--U
HlNDEMITH
Concert Music for String Orchestra and
Brass Instruments, Op. 50--54 Symphony, "Mathis, der Maler"--41, 49,
53
Holst Oriental Suite, Beni Mora, Op. 29,
No. 1--23 Ballet Music from "The Perfect Fool,"
Op. 39--23, 32, 46
HOXEGGER
Symphonic Poem, "Pastorale d'ete"--24 Humperdinck
Prelude to Hansel und Gretel--99, 12 Entre Actes II and III from
Die Konigskinder--98 Hellafest and Children's Dance from
Die Konigskinder--12 Prelude to Die Konigskinder--12, 23 Ibert
Divertissement--60 "Escales"--26 d'Indy Legend, The Enchanted Forest,
Op. 8--19
Overture to Fervaal--08, 29 Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major,
Op. 57--32 Symphonic Poem. "Wallenstein"
(Trilogie), Op. 12--32 Jenkins Fantasy No. 1 in D major, for Five
Strings (Caillet)--39
JOLIVET
Les Amants magnifiques--65
70
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
JUON
Suite for String Orchestra, Op. 16--04 Kabalevsky
Overture to "Colas Breugnon"--61 Khatchaturian
Dances from the Ballet "Gayne"--48
KoDALY
Concerto for Orchestra--66
Dances from Galanta--58 Lalo
Norwegian Rhapsody--10, 19 Landre
Symphony No. 3--54 Latann
Pizzicato--95 Liadov
Legend for Orchestra, "The Enchanted Lake," Op. 62--12
Legend for Orchestra, "Kikimora," Op. 63--12
(Eight) Russian Folk Dances, Op. 58--37
Tableau Musical, "Baba Yaga,"
Op. 56--35 Liszt
A Faust Symphony, Andante--12
"Mephisto" Waltz--21
Polonaise No. 2 in E major--99, 31
Rakoczy March--58
Symphonic Poem No. 2, "Tasso, Lamento e Trionfo"--20, 22
Symphonic Poem No. 3, "Les
Preludes"--97, 05, 12 Litolff
Overture, "Robespierre"--99 Lockwood
Suite for Orchestra, "Odysseus"--29 MacDowell
Suite No. 1 in A minor, Op. 42 ("Woodland")--94, 13, 21
Suite No. 2 in E minor, Op. 48
("Indian")--00 MacKexzie
Benedictus--97 Mahler
"Das Lied von der Erde"--44 Mascacni
Introduction and Hymn to the Sun
("Iris")--24 Massenet
Suite, "Esclarmonde"--04
Prelude to Act III, Herodiade--99 McDonald
(Two) Hispanic Pieces--50
Legend of the Arkansas Traveler--53
"San Juan Capistrano" Nocturnes:
80
The Mission; Fiesta--42, SO Symphony No. 1 ("Santa Fe Trail")--
40
Mendelssohn "A Midsummer Night's Dream"--
Intermezzo--97
Nocturne--97, 14, 46
Overture--97
Scherzo (Prelude to Act II) -96, 97, 14, 30, 46
Wedding March--97, 14 Overture :n B minor, Op. 26 ("The
Hebrides") Fingal's Cave--09, 17, 30,
SI
Overture to "The Lovely Melusina"--12 Overture to "Ruy Bias," Op. 93--96 Symphony N'o. 3 in A minor, Op. 56
("Scotch")--94 Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90
("Italian")--47, 57 Symphony No. 5 in D major, Op. 107
("Reformation")--45 Miaskovsky Symphony No. 12 in G minor, Op. 3S--
33
MlLHAUD
Suite for Orchestra, No. 2--24 Suite fancaise--62
Symphony No. 1 ("Le Printemps")--34 Moszkowski
Suite for Orchestra--96, 99 Moussorgskv
Boris Godounov, Symphonic Suite
(Ormandy)--58
Entre'acte from Khovanlchina--38, 40 Prelude from Khovanlchina--50 Fantaisie, "A Night on Bald
Mountain"--25, 34 Pictures at an Exhibition--37, 58, 65 Mozart
Overture to Don Giovanni, K. 527--48 Overture to The Impresario, K. 486--
15, 26, 28 Overture to The Magic Flute, K. 620--
96, 04, 06, 21, 56 Overture to The Marriage of Figaro,
K. 492--00, 07, 29, 33, 36, 43, 56 Overture to Seraglio, K. 384--35, 65 Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat major--65 Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat major,
K. 297b--55
Short Symphony in G major, K. 129--00 Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183--
32 Symphony No. 30 in D major, K. 202--
65
REPERTOIRE
Symphony No. 35 in D major, K. 385
("Haffner")--38, 44, 63, 67 Symphony No. 39 in E-flat major,
K. 543--16, 59 Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550--
10, 19, 46, 49 Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551
("Jupiter")--17, 68
NlCOLAI
Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor--13
NOVACKE
Etude--97 Pagakini Moto Perpetuo, Op. 11 (Ormandy) --
95, 38 Paine Moorish Dances, from the Ballet,
"Azara"--02 Overture to Oedipus Tyrannus, Op. 35--
00 Palmgren
Suite, from "Finlandia," Op. 24--25 Piston
Symphony No. 7--61 Toccata (Ormandy)--66 Poxchielli
"Danza dell' or" from La Gioconda--04 Powell, John "Natchez-on-the-Hill," Op. 30 (Three
Virginian Country Dances)--33 Prokofieff
"Lieutenant Kije," Orchestral Suite,
Op. 60--40, 66 "Peter and the Wolf" an Orchestral
Fairy Tale for Children, Op. 67--45 "Classical" Symphony No. 1 in D major,
Op. 25--42, 50, 62 Symphony No. 7--53, 59 Puccini
Fantasie on La Boltemc--01
PURCELL
Trumpet Voluntary--63 Rachmaninoff
Symphonic Dances, Op. 45--42 Symphonic Poem, "The Isle of the
Dead", Op. 292 Symphony No. 2 in E minor, Op. 27--
22, 30, 61, 64
Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Op. 44--68 Vocalise, Op. 34, No. 14--61, 64 Raff Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 153
("Im Walde")--99 Ravel Bolero--30
Orchestral Fragments from the Ballet,
"Daphnis and Chloe," Suite No. 2--
42, 46, 52, 59, 61, 67 Rhapsodie espagnole--34, 47, 51 "La Valse," A Choreographic Poem--
24, 41, 48, 53, 57, 62 Respichi Symphonic Poem, "The Pines of
Rome"--46, 50, 54 Symphonic Poem, "Roman Festivals"--
48
Reznicek Overture to "Donna Diana"--10, 55
RlMSKY-KORSAKOV
Capriccio Espagnol, Op. 34--11, 20 Overture, The Russian Easter, Op. 36--
19, 57 Symphonic Suite, Scheherazade, Op. 35--
18
RlTTER
Overture to "Der Faule Hans"--08 Rossini
Overture to L'ltaliana in Algeri--53 Overture to La Scala di Seta--57 Romanza from William Tell--23 Roussel Ballet Suite No. 2 from
Bacchus e Ariane, Op. 43--59 Ballet Suite from Le Festin de Varaignee,
Op. 17--52 Sabata
Symphonic Poem, Juventus--21 Saixt-Saens Marche Heroique--97 Suite, Carnival of Animals--26 Symphonic Poem No. 1, "Le Rouet
d'Omphale," Op. 31--22 Symphonic Poem No. 2, "Phaeton,"
Op. 39--14 Symphonic Poem No. 3 in C minor,
Op. 78 ("Organ")--63 Satie
Gymnopedies, Nos. 1, 2, 3--64 Scarlatti
Ballet Suite. "The Good-Humored
Ladies" (Tommasini)--47, 64 Scheinpfluc
Overture, "To a Shakespeare Comedy," Op. 15--10
SCHELLING
Fantasy for Orchestra, "A Victory
Ball"--27 Schillings "The Harvest Festival" from Moloch---11
SCHONBERG
Five Pieces for Orchestra--64
SI
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Theme and Variations for Orchestra, Op. 43b--49
"Yerklarte Nacht," Op. 4--25 Schubert
Overture in the Italian Style, in C major, Op. 170--53
Symphony No. 2 in B-flat major--50
Symphony No. 5 in B-flat major--52
Symphony No. S in B minor ("Un?finished'")--95, 02, 04, 06, 14, 37, 55
Symphony No. 10 in C major ("Great")--11, 21, 27
ScHUMAN
Credendum--58 New England Triptych--67 Schumann, Georc
Overture, Liebesfriihling, Op. 28--06, 22,
30 Schumann, Robert
Overture to Ccnoveva, Op. 81--07 Overture to Manjred, Op. 115--10, 51 Symphony No. 1 in B-flat major, Op. 38
("Spring")--08, 20, 25 Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, Op. 97 ("Rhenish")--23
SCRIABIN
Symphony No. 3 in C minor, Op. 43
("The Divine Poem")--32 Shostakovich
Symphony No. 1 in F minor, Op. 10--51 Symphony No. 5, Op. 47--43, 65, 68 Sibelius
Tone Poem, "En Saga," Op. 9--11 Tone Poem, "Finlandia," Op. 26, No. 7--
17, 20, 46 Lemminkainen Turns Homeward,
Legend from the Kalevala, Op. 22--
08, 40 The Swan of Tuonela, Legend from
the Kalevala, Op. 22--08,48 Symphony No. 1 in E minor, Op. 39--
33, 41 Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 43--
39, 48, 66 Symphony No. 5 in E-flat major,
Op. 82--38, 46, 52 Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 105--
41, 50, 56, 60
SlNICAGLIA
Overture to Le Baruffe Chiozotte,
Op. 32--10, 28 Suite Piemontesi, Op. 36--15 S met ana
Overture to The Bartered Bride--06, 14, 38, 46, 49
Symphonic Poems "Ma Vlast":
Vysehrad (The High Castle)--11, 20
Vltava (The Moldau)--07, 11, 20, 27,
35, 51 Smith, John S.
The Star-Spangled Banner--19, 20 Sousa
Stars and Stripes Forever--50, 51, 53 Sowerby
The Irish Washerwoman--24 Symphonic Poem, "Prairie"--35 Spixelu
Prelude to Act III, "A Basso Porto"--25 Spohr
Symphony, "Consecration of Tones"--97 Stanley Symphonic Poem, "Attis" Op. 15--
98, 09, 21 Symphony in F major, "The Awakening
of the Soul"--96, 97 Steck
Liebesgefluester--99 Stock Festival March and Hymn to Liberty--
14
March and Hymn to Democracy--19 Psalmodic Rhapsody--22 Sketch, "At Sundown"--09 Symphonic Waltz--09 Strauss, Johann Jr.
Suite from Die Fledermaus--52 Emperor Waltzes, Op. 437--32 Waltz, "Tales from the Vienna Woods,"
Op. 325--44, 53 Strauss, Richard Love Scene, from Fuersnol, Op. 50--
09, 16, 52 "On the Shores of Sorrento" from
Symphonic Fantasia, "Italy," Op. 16--
07, 15, 26
Serenade for Wind Choir, Op. 7--06 Suite from Der Rosenkavalier--45, 51,
60, 64 Tone Poem "Death and Transfiguration,"
Op. 24--05, 10, 22, 32, 43, SO Tone Poem "Don Juan," Op. 20--04, 13,
25, 29,39, 53, 58, 62 Tone Poem "Ein Heldenleben", Op. 43--
34, 62, 64 Tone Poem "Thus Spake Zarathustra,"
Op. 30--33 Waltzes from Der Rosenkavalier--42, 49,
68 Rondo from "Till EulenspiegePs Merry
Pranks", Op. 28--08, 14, 38, 46, 60, 64
REPERTOIRE
Stravinsky
"Fireworks," Op. 4--62,68
Pastorale, with Violin Solo--65
Suite from "L'Oiseau de Feu"--28, 36, 41,
47, 65 Symphony in C--64
Styx
Flitterwochen--99
Studisse Petit pas --98
SilK
Suite, "Ein Maerchen," Op. 16--03
SVENDSEN
Coronation March, Op. 13--00 Fantasic for Orchestra, "Romeo and
Juliet," Op. 18--96, 99 Legend for Orchestra, "Zorahayda,"
Op. 11--12
Symphony No. 1 in D major, Op. 4--OS Swanson
Short Symphony--52 Taylor
Fantasy, "Circus Day," Op. 18--35 Suite, "Through the Looking Glass,"
Op. 12--27 Tchaikovsky
Italian Caprice, Op. 45 (Saltarello)--26 Slav Marche, Op. 31--01 Overture-Fantasia, "Francesca da
Rimini," Op. 32--16, 20 Overture-Fantasia, "Hamlet," Op. 67--15 Overture-Fantasia, "Romeo and Juliet"
04, 42, 53
Overture Solonnelle, "1812," Op. 49--
97, 03 Quartet in B-flat major (Andante--
arranged for String Orchestra)--00 Serenade for Strings, Op. 48--97, 02, 33 Suite No. 3 in G major, Op. 55--14 Symphony after Byron's "Manfred," in
B minor, Op. 58--35 Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Op. 17--21 Symphony No. 4 in F minor, Op. 36--
05, 20, 27, 49, 55
Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64--
05, 12, 28, 40, 43, 50, 66 Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74--
("Pathetique")--98, 06, 44, 62 Thomas
Prelude to Act II, Ingwelde--11 Overture to Mignon--94 Thomson "Louisiana Story," Suite for Orchestra--
58
Power Among Men--59 The Seine at Night--59
Vaughan Williams
A London Symphony--24
Flos Campi--59 Volbach
Symphonic Poem, "Es waren zwei Konigskinder," Op. 21--03
V'OLKMAN'N
Overture to Shakespeare's Richard III,
Op. 68--02 Von Einem
Concerto for Orchestra--56 Wagner
Eine Faust Overture--96, 99 Huldigung's March in E-flat major--
13, 26, 28, 29, 33,41, 52 Kaisermarsch in B-flat major--98, 07 Gotterddmmerung
Siegfried's Death and Funeral March, Act III--00, 13, 33, 38, 42, 47, 49, 61 Siegfried's Rhine Journey--09, 17, 38,
42, 47, 61 Song of the Rhine Daughters--03, 13,
33
Lohengrin
Prelude to Act 1--03, 36 Prelude to Act III--99, 03, 36 Die Meistersinger
Prelude to Act 1--96, 97, 99, 03, OS, 08,
13, 21,36,44,47,54, 57, 61 Prelude and Excerpts from Act III--
03, 41, 49 Parsifal
Prelude to Act I--49
Good Friday Spell, Act 1--04, 09, 23
Entrance of the Knights of the Grail,
Act III--09, 22, 37 Glorification, Act III--09 Transformation, Act III--09 Polonia, Overture--09 Das Rheingold Alberich's Invocation of the
Niebelungs--38, 49 Entrance of the Gods into Valhalla--
33, 38, 49 Finale--33
Rienzi, Overture--03, 08 Siegfried
Waldweben--03, 38 Siegfried in the Forest--15, 33 Siegfried Ascends the Flaming Mountain Where Briinnhilde Sleeps--25, 38 Finale--38 Tannhduser
Overture--07, 13, 42, 46 Bacchanale--09, 30, 33
83
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
March and Chorus--95
Finale from the Overture--30, 33
Yenusberg Music--42, 46 Triiume (Thomas)--09 Tristan and Isolde
Prelude and Love-Death--95, 96, 01, 09, 24, 33, 42, 47, 54, 57, 61
Love Scene and Brangaene's Warning --11, 36
Selections from Act III (Stock)--33 Die Walk iire
Magic Fire Scene--01, 14
Wotan's Farewell--15 Walton
Partita for Orchestra--62 Weber, vox
Overture to Der Freischiitz--37, 45, 48,
65
Overture to Euryanthe--06, 20, 51 Overture to Jubilee, Op. 59--98
Overture to Oberon--97, 15, 43, 56 Weixbercer
Polka and Fugue, from "Schwanda, the
Bagpipe Player"--33, 51, 53, 56, 67 Westerhout
Ronde d'amour--99 Wolf
Italian Serenade--06 Wolf-Ferrari
Overture to The Secret of Susannc--
IS, 24, 27, 31 Yardumian
Armenian Suite--54
Cantus animae et cordis--56
(for String Orchestra) Zador
Suite from the Ballet, "The Machine
Man"--40 Zemachson
Choral and Fugue in D minor, Op. A--36
PIANO
Bartok Concerto No. 1 for Piano and
Orchestra--66 Concerto No. 2 for Piano and
Orchestra--58, 68 Beethoven
Concerto No. 1 in C major, Op. IS--20 Concerto No. 3 in C minor, Op. 37--49,
57, 62 Concerto No. 4 in G major, Op. 58--22,
40, 52, 58, 63 Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73
("Emperor")--96, 24, 27, 36, 39, 47, 60 Brahms Concerto No. 1 in D minor, Op. 15--
46, 59 Concerto No. 2 in B-flat major, Op. 83--
19, 45, 55, 57, 67 Carpenter
Concertino for Piano and Orchestra--30 Chopin
Concerto No. 1 in E minor, Op. 11--53 Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21--10,
21, 35, 51
Etude in A minor, Op. 25--31 Mazurka in F-sharp minor, Op. 59,
No. 3--31
Meine Freuden (Liszt)--10 Nocturne in D-fiat major, Op. 27, No. 2
--31 Scherzo in B-flat minor, Op. 31--31
84
Franck Variations symphoniques for Piano
and Orchestra--30 Gershwin
Concerto in F major--45 Rhapsody in Blue--45, 61 Grieg
Concerto in A minor, Op. 16--06, 28, 54,
65 Henselt
Concerto in F minor, Op. 16--94 Liszt
Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major--94, 20,
37, 41
Concerto No. 2 in A major--98, 66 Fantasia on Hungarian Melodies for
Piano and Orchestra--99 Polonaise in E major--10, 31 "Totentanz" for Piano and Orchestra--66 MacDowell
Concerto No. 2 in D minor for Piano
and Orchestra--61 MartixU
Concerto No. 2 for Piano and
Orchestra--53 Mozart
Concerto No. 18 for Piano and
Orchestra, K. 456--68 Paderewski
Concerto in A minor, Op. 17--97, 31 Prokofieff
REPERTOIRE
Concerto No. 3 in C major, Op. 26--
51, 55, 66 Rachmaninoff
Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18--
32, 42, 48, 61 Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 30--
50, 56, 64 Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op.
43--54 RlECCER
Variations for Piano and Orchestra--63 Rubinstein
Concerto No. 4 in D minor, Op. 70--
07, 17, 29 Saint-Saens
Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 22-95, 05, 26, 34, 64
SCHELLING
Fantastic Suite for Piano and
Orchestra--23 Schubert
Fantasie in C major, Op. IS (Liszt)
"The Wanderer"--63 Schumann, R.
Concerto in A minor, Op. 54--02, 03 Concerto in A minor, Op. 57--IS Strauss, R. Burleske in D minor for Piano and
Orchestra--62 Tchaikovsky
Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor, Op. 23--01, 18, 25, 38, 43
TWO AND THREE PIANOS
Bach
Concerto in D minor for Three Pianos
and Orchestra--27 Concerto No. 1 in C minor for Two
Pianos and Strings--33 McDonald
Concerto for Two Pianos and
Orchestra-
Mozart Concerto in E-flat major for Two Pianos
and Orchestra, K. 365--30, 63 Concerto in F major for Two Pianos
and Orchestra, K. 242--56 Sonata in D major for Two Pianos,
K. 488 (Rondo)--56
SOWERBY
Ballade, "King Estmere," for Two Pianos and Orchestra--33
ORGAN
Bach, J. S.
Choral, "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott"-10
Chorale. "VVacht auf, ruft uns die Stimmc"--12
Fantasia in C minor--17
Fantasie and Fugue in G minor--14
Fugue a la gigue--16
Fugue in C minor--31
Passacaglia in C minor--19
Toccata and Fugue in D minor--18 Bairstow
Evening Song--IS Baldwin
Burlesca c melodia--09, 16
Sonata in C minor--09 Barber
Toccata Festival for Organ and
Orchestra--61 Berlioz
"Shepherd's Farewell to the Holy Family," from Infancy of Jesus--95
Bernard
Fantasie et fugue--10 Bird
Three Oriental Sketches--10
BoELLMAN'N
Toccata--09 Bonnet Ariel--18
Chant de printemps--17 Elfes--17 Rhapsodie catalane--18
BUXTEHUDE
Fugue--12 Callaerts
Meditation--12 Capocci, F.
Sonata No. 6--IS Chopin
Etude in C-sharp minor, Op. 10, No. 4
(Haupt)-95 Clerambault
Prelude--18
85
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Debussy
Cortege--18 DeBoeck
Allegretto--19 DeLamarter
Concerto No. 1 for Organ and
Orchestra--24, 28 Dethier
Caprice ("The Brook")--20
Scherzo--17 Dubois
Fantasie triomphale--01
In Paradise--95
Let There Be Light--95 Faulkes
Idylle--09
Jubilant March--10
Toccata--15 Feltok
Concerto in E-flat major--10 Foote
Nocturne--09 Fraxck
Grand piece symphonique--19
Piece heroique--19 Fricker
Concert Overture in C minor--16 Gigout
Marche rustique--10
GOLDMARK
Overture to "Sakuntala"--17 Gounod
March from the "Queen of Sheba"--12 Grign-y, de
Recit de tierce en taille--18 Glilmant
Adagio from Symphony-Cantata, Ariane--09
Berceuse--16
Cantilena--11
Cantilene pastorale--11
Concert Piece, Op. 24--95, 11
Funeral Prelude--11
Grand Chorus (alia Handel)--11
Introduction and Fugue--11
March in D major--11
March-Fantasie, Op. 44--12
Melody--11
Noel Languedocien (Old French Carol)-18
Nuptial March (Second)--10
Prayer--11
Prayer and Cradle Song--11
Reverie--11
Symphony in D minor, Op. 42, for Organ and Orchestra--03
86
Hagc
Marche triomphale--20 Hollins
Scherzo--20 Johnson
Pavane--IS Karg-Elert
Impression--28 Kinder
At Evening--16
In the Moonlight--16
Jour de printemps--16 Krebs
Concert Fugue in G major--95 Lam are
Arcadian Idyll--15
Summer Sketches, Op. 73--14
Toccata di Concert--20 Lendvai
Praeludium--15 Liadow
Fuga cromatica--15 Liszt
Fantasie and Fugue on the Chorale,
"Ad nos ad salutarem undam"--18 Macfarlane
Evening Bells and Cradle Song--15
Scherzo--15 Maiixy
Toccata--12 Maitiand
Concert Overture--12 Malling
The Shepherds in the Field--12 Merkel
Gavotte (Renwick)--09, 12 Moore
Scherzo, Hymn of Pan--28 Mulet
Toccata, "Thou Art the Rock"--28 Parker
Triumphal March--09 Piutti
Sonata in G minor--17 Poulenc
Concerto in G minor for Organ and
Strings--63 Rachmaninoff
Serenade--20 Raven ello
Christus Resurrexit ("Tuno di Gloria")
--19 Recer
Ave Maria--31 Renner
Prelude--09
REPERTOIRE
Second Sonata in C minor, Op. 44--20
RlIEINBESGER
Concerto for Organ, No. 2 in G minor, Op. 177--08
RlMSKY-KoRSAKOFF
Song of India--20 Saint-Saens
Prelude in E major--19
Prelude in E-flat major--19 Salome
Sonata in C minor, Op. 25--95 Schumann, Clara
Romanze--09 Schumann, Robert
Canon in B minor--95, 12
Sketch No. 3--19
Sketch in F minor--18 Sowerby
Passacaglia--31 Verdi
Triumphal March from A'ida--14 Vierne
Finale in D major, from Symphony No. 1--16
Wagner
Pilgrims' Chorus from Tannhduser
(Eddy)--95 Romance, Song to the Evening Star,
from Tannhduser--95 Liebestod from Tristan and Isolde--17 Whiting Religious Melody and Variations, from
Sonata in A minor--16 Widor
Meditation from Symphony No. 1--17 Symphony No. 6 for Organ--14
WOLSTENHOLME
Barcarolle--09
Lied--10 Yon
Echo--19
The Primitive Organ--19 Zemaciison
Choral and Fugue in D minor, Op. A-36
VIOLIN
Bach, J. S. Partita No. 4 in B minor
(unacompanied)--56 Bartok
Portrait No. 1, Op. 5--57 Beethoven Concerto in D major, Op. 61--30, 39, 48,
53
Brahms Concerto in D major, Op. 77--29, 33, 38,-
47, 50, 56, 60 Waltz in A major--27 Bruch
Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 26--
00, 24, 27
Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 44--07 Scottish Fantasy, Op. 46--64
BURMESTER
Gavotte (Gossec)--23 Chabrier
Scherzo Valse (Loeffler)-28 Chausson
Poeme--40 Chopin
Nocturne in G major--26 Corelli
La Folia (Theme and Variations)--57 Dvorak
Concerto in A minor, Op. 53--52
Ernst
Concertino--94 Glazounow
Concerto in A minor, Op. 82--31 Gluck
Melody from Orpheus--27 Grieg
Berceuse--23 Kreisler
Gypsy Caprice--28 Lalo
Symphonie espagnole, Op. 21--34 Mendelssohn
Concerto in E minor, Op. 64--05, 23, 28,
43, 63 Mozart
Concerto No. 4 for Violin in D major, K. 218--26
Concerto No. S for Violin in a A major, K. 219--37, 55
Rondo--27 Pagantni
Concerto No. 1 in D major, Op. 6--45
Witches' Dance--28 Prokofieff
Concerto No. 1 in D major, Op. 19--63
Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 63--59
87
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
PUGNAN]
Prcludium and Allegro (Krcisler)--27 Ravel
Tzigane--37 Rossini
I Palpiti (Paganini)--26 Saixt-Sabns
Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso,
Op. 28--96, 26, 34 Sarasate
Zigeunerweisen (Gypsy Airs), Op. 20--
21 Schubert
Hark, Hark the Lark (Spalding)--26
Schumann
Evening Song--26 Sibelius
Concerto in D minor, Op. 47--36, 41, 51 Tartixi
Concerto in D minor--57 Tchaikovsky
Concerto in D major, Op. 35--25, 35, 42, 46, 58
TSCHETSCHULIN'
Alla Zingaresca--23
WlENIAWSKI
Romance and Allegro from Concerto in D minor, No. 2, Op. 22--97, 01, 21, 49
VIOLA
Bartok
Concerto for Viola and Orchestra--SO Haxdel
Concerto in B minor for Viola and Orchestra--66
Vaughan Williams "Flos Campi"--59
CELLO
Bach, J. S.
Saraband from Suite in C minor
(Unaccompanied)--67 Bloch
"Schelomo," Jewish Rhapsody--65
BoELLMANN
Variations symphonique, Op. 23--03, OS Dvorak
Concerto in B minor, Op. 104--42, 49,
54, 67 Lalo
Concerto in D minor--62
Lindner
Concerto in E major--98 Saint-Saens
Concerto in A minor, Op. 33--01 Servais
O cara memoria--94 Shostakovich
Concerto for Cello, Op. 107--60 Strauss
"Don Quixote", Fantastic Variations for Violoncello and Orchestra, Op. 35--41
FLUTE
Mozart
Concerto in G major for Flute and
Orchestra, K. 313--48 Rogers
Soliloquy for Flute and String Orchestra--46
Thomson
Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion--59
GUITAR
Castelnuoyo-Tedesco
Concerto in D major for Guitar and Orchestra, Op. 99--60
88
RODRIGO
Fantasia for Guitar and Orchestra--60
REPERTOIRE
HARP
Alvars
Morceau caracteristique--96 Chopin
Fantasic impromptu--24 Debussy
The Fountain--24 Massenet
Angelus, from "Scenes Pittoresques"--25
Sal vi
Italian Serenade and Scherzo--24 Scheucher
Impromptu--24 Tedeschi
Spanish Dance--24
HORN
Strauss
Concerto for Horn and Orchestra, Op. 11--08, 64
OBOE
FRANC.AIX
Horloge de flore, for Oboe and Orchestra--62
Grandval, de
Concerto for Oboe in D minor, Op. 7-09
PICCOLO
Vivaldi
Concerto in A minor for Piccolo and Orchestra--57
INSTRUMENTAL ENSEMBLES
Brahms Concerto in A minor for Violin, Cello,
and Orchestra, Op. 102--40, 44, 54, 61 Mozart
Concerto in C major for Flute and Harp, K. 299--60
Strauss
Duet-Conccrtante for Clarinet and Bassoon--63
SOPRANO
Bach, J. S. Recitative and Rondo--39
Bachelet
Chere nuit--54
Beethoven
"Ah! Perfido," Op. 46--37, S3 "An die Hoffnung"--24 "Abscheulicher, wo cilst du hin " from Fidelio, Op. 27--56
Bellini
"Casta Diva," from Norma--99, 14, 28 Grand Scene (Finale), from 11 Pirata--66 Polonaise, from Puritani--95
"Ah, non credea mirarti," from La
Soniiambula--46 Bishop
Lo, Here the Gentle Lark--54, 58 Bizet
Les Adieux de Photesse Arabe--41 "Chanson de Boheme," from Carmen--
34, 55
"Habanera," from Carmen--97, 51, 55 Micaela's Aria from Carmen--12 Seguidilla, from Carmen--51, 55 "Siccome un di," from The Pearl
Fishers--28
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Boito
'L'Altra notte in fondo al mare," from
Mefistofele--49 Borodin
Arioso of Jaroslavna. from Prince Igor--
33 Brahms
Dein blaues Auge--39
Der Schmied--39
Yon ewiger Liebe--39 Bridge
Love Went Adding--2S Bruch
Aria, from Cross of Fire--13 Cantexoube
Songs of the Auvergne--49 Carew
Piper of Love--27 Charpentier
"Depuis le jour," from Louise--12, 18,
21, 29, 34, 40, 59 Cilea
"Io son l'umile ancella," from Adriana
Lecouvrtur--49 Clough-Leichter
My Lover He Comes on a Ski--34 Coleridge-Taylor
Willow Song--52 David
"Charming Bird" from The Pearl of
Brazil--91, 23 Debussy
Air de Lia, from L'Enfant prodigue--
34, 51, 57 Delibes
Bell Song, from Lakme--11, 23, 31, 35, 36, 40, 58
Les Filles de Cadiz--54
"Pourquoi," from Lakme--41 Dell 'Acqua
Villanelle--99
DONAUDY
Freschi luoghi prati aulenti--34 Donizetti "Chacun le sair," from La Fille du
Regiment--52 "II faut partir," from La Fille du
Regiment--46 Mad Scene, from Lucia di Lammermoor
--16, 64 "Com' e bello quale incanto" from
Lucrezia Borgia--66 "Tranquillo ei posa," from Lucrezia
Borgia--66
90
"E sara in quest orribili momenti,"
from Roberto Devereux--66 "Vivi ingrato," from Roberto Devereux--
66 Farley
The Night Wind--23 Faure
Les Roses d'lspahan--43 Folk Songs Appalachian
Go 'Way From My Window--49 Brazilian
Engenho Novo (Braga)--48 O Kinimba (Braga)--48 Gershwin "My Man's Gone Now," from Porgy
and Bess--46
"Summertime," from Porgy and Bess--46 Gluck "Divinities du Styx," from Alceste--
51, 55 "Che faro senza Euridice," from Orpheo
ed Euridice--51 "O del mio dolce ardor," from Paride
ed Elena--49 Gomez "Cera una volta un principe," from
Cuarany--11 "Come serenamente," from Lo Schiavo--
44
Gounod "King of Thule" and "Jewel Song,"
from Faust--48
'Valse Arietta," from Mireille--24 "Plus grand dans son obscurite," from
La Rcine de Saba--30 Graun
Aria from Der Tod Jesu--95 Grieg
Eros--27 Handel
"Ah spietato," from Amadigi--49 Bird Song, from Allegro of
Pensieroso--94
"Care serve," from Atlanta--59 "V'adoro pupille," from Guilio Cesare--
56 "Art Thou Troubled" from Rodelinda--
4'J "O Sleep, Why Dost Thou Leave Me"
from Semele--40 Horseman Bird of the Wilderness--17
KORNGOLD
"Marietta's Song," from The Dead Cily--34, 44, 52
REPERTOIRE
Lehar
"I Love You So," from The Merry
Widow--S2 Lehmann Spinning Song--OS There Are Fairies at the Bottom of
Our Garden--23 Leoncavallo
"Bird's Song" from Pagliacci--18 "Qual fiamma avea guardo" from
Pagliacci--35 "There On High They Cry" from
Pagliacci--10 Lie
The Soft-Footed Snow--28 Liszt
Loreley--03 Luixy "Revenez, revenez, amour," from
Thisee--44 Mascacki
"Voi lo sapete," from Cavalleria Rusticana--46, 49, 51, 54, 68 Massenet "Pleurez, mes yeux" from Le Cid--99,
35 "II est doux, il est bon" from Hirodiade
--00, 07, 51 Mendelssohn
"Hear ye, Israel" from Elijah---14 Menotti "Hello, Hello" from The Telephone---52
MOUSSORCSKY
Reverie and Dance from The Fair of
Sorotchinsk--33 Mozart
Bella mia fiamma, addio, K. 528--65 "Batti, batti, O bel Masetto," from
Don Giovanni--29, 46 "Mi tradi," from Don Giovanni--60 "Xon mi dir," from Don Giovanni--41 Blonda's aria from Die Entjiihrung aus
dem Serail--40 "Martern aller Arten," from Die
Entjiihrung aus dem Serail--22 Motet: "Exsultate, jubilate," K. 165--
52, 68 Alleluia from "Exsultate, jubilate,"
K. 165--36 "Non temer amato bene" from
Idomeneo--56 "Dein bin ich" from 11 Re Pastore--12,
16 "L'amero, saro costante" from Re
Pastore--40, 56
"Avec de la tendresse" from
L'Enlevement au Serail--58 "Quelle joie! Quel bonheur!" from
L'Enlevement au Serail--58 Letter Aria from The Marriage of
Figaro--96 Pamina's aria from The Magic Flute--
36, 41 "Qui, tu vois en moi une rivale," from
The Magic Flute--31 "Queen of the Night," from The Magic
Flute--06, 15, 17, 43 "Dove sono," from The Marriage of
Figaro--02, 43, 60 "E Susanna non vien," from The
Marriage of Figaro--30 "Giunse alfin il momento," from The
Marriage of Figaro--21 "Deh vieni non tardar," from The
Marriage of Figaro--24, 29, 44, 49 'Non so piu cosa son," from The
Marriage of Figaro--45, 48 "Voi che sapete," from The Marriage of
Figaro--07, 34, 45, 48, 51, 55 "A vous dirai-je, Maman" (Adam)--22 Variations (with flute obligato--arr.
La Forge)--43 Nevix
O, That We Two Were Maying--96 Nicolai "Nun eilt herbei" and "Frohsinn und
Laune," from Die lustigen Weiber von
Windsor--S2 Obradors
Dos cantares populares--46 El Vito--49 Percolesi "Stizzoso, o mio stizzoso," from La
Serva padrona--44, 49 Poxchieixi "Suicido, in questi fieri momenti," from
La Gioconda--18, 28, 51 Puccini "Mi chiamano Mimi," from La Boheme
--21, 52 Musetta's Waltz Song from La Boheme--
35 "O mio babbino caro," from Gianni
Schicchi--35, 48, 52 Entrance Song from Madama Butterfly--
29 "Un bel di vedremo," from Madama
Butterfly--19, 29, 48, 54, 67, 68 "In quelle trine morbide," from Manon
Lcscaul--28
01
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
"Sola, perduta, abbandonata," from
Manon Lescaul--67 "Vissi d'arte," from Tosca--28, 51, S3,
59, 68
PURCELL
''Dido's Lament," from Dido and
Aeneas--39 Rachmaninoff
In the Silence of the Night--28
Peasant Song--14
Vocalise, Op. 34, No. 14--54, 58 Respighi
E se un giorno tornasse--49
RlMSKY-KORSAKOFF
"Chanson Indoue," from Sadko--14 The Rose and the Nightingale--59 Song of the Shepherd Lehl, from The
Snoiu Maiden--14 Ronald
Southern Song--59 Rossini "Una voce poco fa," from Barber of
Seville--94, 05, 39, 43, 44 "Per lui che adoro," from Italian Girl in
Algiers--49 "Bel raggio lusinghier," from Scmiramide
--34 Saint-Saens
Air du rossignol. from Parysatis--43 "Amour, viens aider," from Samson el
Dalila--57 "Mon coeur s'ouvre a ta voix," from
Samson el Dalila--55 'Printemps qui commence," from
Samson el Dalila--39 Salter
The Cry of Rachel--17 Schubert
Die Forelle--99 Standchen--24
Der Tod und das Madchen--24 Dem Unendlichen--24 Scott
The False Prophet--23 Lullaby--27 Strauss, J.
Csardas from Die Fledcrmaus--52 "I've a Sister," from Die Fledermaus--
52, 58 "A Lady's Name," from Die Fledermaus
--52, 58 "Look Me Over Once," from Die
Fledermaus--52, 58 Voce di primavera--99, 23, 56
Strauss, R.
"Grossmachtige Prinzessin," from
Ariadne aitj Naxos--56 Cacilie--56
Monologue from Capriccio--60 "Allcin, allcin." from Elektra--56 Freundlichc Vision--30 Morgen--30
Closing Scene from Salome, Op. 54--50 Stiindchen--30 Zueignung--17 Stravinsky
Le Rossignol--58 Tchaikovsky '?Adieu, forets," from Jeanne d'Arc--
99, 28, 55 Letter Scene, from Eugene Onegin--33,
50, 67 Thomas
Ophelia's Mad Scene and Aria from
Hamlet, Act IV--97, 11 "Connais-tu le pays" from Mignon--
30, 57
"Io son Titania." from Mignon--22, 35 Thome
Les Filles di Cadiz--96 Tipton
The Crying Waters--28 Tosti
Si tu le voulais--34 Verdi
"Ah patria mia." from Aida--97 "My Native Land No More Shall I
Behold," from Aida--19 '?Ritorna vincitor," from Aida--24, 31,
44, 46, 53, 67, 68 "Ernani involami," from Ernani--IS, 27,
65
"Sorta e la notte," Ernani--65 "Pace, pace, mio Dio," from La Forza
del Destino--27, 44, 51, 53, 68 "Morro ma prima in gracia," from The
Masked Ball, Act III--44 "Ave Maria" from Otello, Act IV--04 "The Poor Heart Sat Pining," from
Otello, Act IV--04 "Caro nome." from Rigoletto--11, 14,
16, 17, 24, 31, 35, 40, 54 "Addio del passato," from La Traviata--
34 "Ah! fors' e Iui," from La Traviata--06,
64
"Sempre libera" from La Traviata--64 "D'amor sull' ali rosee," from II
Trovalore--19
REPERTOIRE
VlLLA-LoBOS
Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5 for
Soprano and Violoncellos--44 Lundu da Marquesa de Santos--46 Nhapope (Negro Song)--46 Wagner Senta's Ballad from Die Fliegende
Hollander--33 Brunnhilde's Immolation and Closing
Scene from Gotterdammerung--11, 37,
38, 42, 47, 61 "Einsam in truben Tagen," from
Lohengrin, Act 1--32, 42, 61 "Kundry's Solicitations," from Parsifal,
Act 11--09 Schmerzen--17, 42 "Ewig war ich," from Siegfried--43 "Dich, theure Halle," from Tannhauser--
09, 13, 24, 43 'Elizabeth's Prayer," from Tannhauser--
33
Traume--42 "Liebestod," from Tristan and Isolde--
96, 09, 32, 61 "Du bist der Lcnz," from Die Walkiire,
Act 1--32, 43
"Hoi yo to ho te," from Die Walkiire--
38 "Sleep'st thou, Guest" from Die
Walkiire--33 "Thou Art the Spring," from Die
Walkiire--33, 38 "War es so schmahlich " from Die
Walkiire--47 Walton
Troilus and Cressida (excerpts)--62 Watts
Wings of Night--27 Weber, vox
"Leise. leise," from Der Freischiitz--37,
40 "Wie nahte mir der Schlummer," from
Der Freischiitz--10, 12 "Ocean, Thou Mighty Monster," from
Oberon--10 Wolf
Zur Ruh--17 Rispetto (Ferrari)--34 Woodman I Am Thy Harp--17
CONTRALTO
Arditi
Bolero--25 Bach, J. S.
Agnus Dei from Mass in B minor--23
My Heart Ever Faithful--19 Beethoven
The Heavens Are Telling--19
"Abscheulicher," from Fidelia--03
Oh, Faithless One!--20 Bemberc
A Toi--04
The Death of Jeanne d'Arc--96, 18 Berlioz
Recitative and Aria from Les
Troyens--98, 05 Bizet
Agnus Dei--15 Branscombe
Dear Lad o' Mine--18 Brahms
Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer--39
Sapphische Ode--00, 2S
Vergebliches Standchen--99
Von ewiger Licbe--28
Wcigenlicd--27
Zigeunerlieder (Gypsy Songs)--29
Bruch
"Penelope Weaving a Garment," from
Odysseus--09, 15 Carpenter
Water Colors--32 Chausson
Poeme de l'amour et de la mer--65 Debussy "The Year's Roll By No Comfort
Bringing," from L'Enjant Prodigue--19 Donizetti "0 mio Fernando," from La Favorita--
02, 48 Elcar
Sea Pictures, Op. 37, Nos. 2, 4, and 5--07 Folk Songs Negro
Deep River--38 He's Got the Whole World in His
Hand (H. Forest)--50 My Soul Is Anchored in the Lord--38 Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child (H. Forest)--38, 50
FOURDRATN
Carnaval--18
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Franz
Marie--03 Gluck
"Divinita infernal," from Alceste--48
'Che faro senza Euridice," from Orpheus el Euridice--97, 09, 14, 17, 33, 51
Vieni che poi sereno--97 Goetz
Aria of Katharine from The Taming of
the Shrew, Act IV--IS Gounod
Aria from La Reine dc Saba--95
"0 Harp Immortal," from Sapho--08, 12 Grtffes
By a Lonely Forest Pathway--22 Hahn
The Rain Song--25 Handel
Arioso--31
Awake, Saturnia--20
"L'ascia chio pianga," from Rinaldo--31
"Ombra mai fu," from Xerxes--17 Holmes
Kypris--02 Homer
Song of the Shirt (Stock)--26 Johnson
Dirge--22 La Force
Before the Crucifix--18
Supplication--25 Meisle
Where the West Begins--22 Liszt
Jeanne d'Arc au Bucher--50 Mahler
Kindertotenlieder--50
Lieder eines fahrcnden Gesellen--57 Massenet
"Pleurez mes yeux," from Le Cid--42
"II est doux, il est bon," from Herodiade --33, 51
Letter Aria from Werlher--48 Mercadante
Recitative and Scene from Donna
Caritea--97 Meyerbeer
"Leite signor," from Les Huguenots--09
"Ah mon fils," from Le Prophete--25, 28
"Xobil signor," from Le Prophete--17
Aria of Fides in Prison Scene, from
Le Prophete--08, 15 Monteverdi
"II Lamento d'Arianna," from Arianna-42
94
MoUSSORGSKY
The Classicist--29
On the Dnieper--29 Mozart
Alleluia, from "Exsultate, jubilate," K. 165--38
"Non piu di fiori," from Titus--00, 08,
13, 26 Pergolesi
Salve Regina--32 Ponchieixi
"Voce di donna," from La Gioconda--28 Proch
Faded--03 Rachmaninoff
Fate--29
Sorrow in Springtime--18 Ross
Dawn in the Desert--25 Rossi
"Ah ! rendimi," from Mitrane--00, 06 Rossini
"Una voce poco fa," from The Barber of Seville--22
Aria from Semiramide--98 Rubinstein
Es blinkt der Thau--00 Saint-Saexs
"Mon coeur s'ouvre a ta voix," from Samson and Dalila--13, 48
"Printemps qui commence," from
Samson and Jhilila--02 Scarlatti
Gia il sole dal Gange--25 Schubert
Die Allmacht--00
Der Erlkonig--08, 28
Die junge Nonne--08, 27
Tod und das Madchen--08
Der Wanderer--21
Wohin--00, 27 Schumann
Widmung--28 Secchi
Lungi dal caro bene--25 Strauss, R.
Hymnus, Op. 33, No. 3--05 Tchaikovsky
Concert Scene--95
Letter Aria from Eugene Onegin--20
"Adieu, forets," from Jeanne d'Arc--04
Pauline's Air from Pique-Dame--42 Thomas
"Connais-tu le pays," from Mignon--57
'"Tis I! All Is Now Broken," from Mignon--19
REPERTOIRE
Printaniere (Goring)--02 Van Der Stucken
Serenade--03 Verdi "O Don Fatale," from Don Carlos--99,
17, 19, 22, 26, 38 "Condotta ell'era in ceppi," from
Trovatore--48 Wagner
"Waltraute's Narrative," from Act I, Golterddm merung--2 7
"Erda's Warning," from Act III, Das Rheingold--27
"Adriano," from Rienzi--94, 01, 03, 08
"Gerechter Gott," from Rienzi--28
Traume--96, 04
"Liebestod," from Tristan and Isolde --01
Schmerzen--96, 17 Weber, von
O Fatima--98 Whithorne
The Babe in the Garden--22
TENOR
Bishop
Love Has Eyes--23, SO Bizet
"Flower Song," from Carmen--29 "II fior che avevi a me tu dato," from
Carmen--46 "Je crois entendre encore," from The
Pearl Fishers--38 "Mi par d'udir ancora," from The Pearl
Fishers--29 Cadmak
Call Me No More--20 Donizetti
"Una furtiva lagrima," from L' Elisir
d'amorc--21, 22, 38 "Spirito gentil," from La Favorita--18 Scene and Aria, from Lucia di
Lammermoor, Act III, Scene III--SO "Prendi l'anel ti dono," from La
Sonnambula--47 Dvorak
AIs dir die alte Mutter--01 Elcar
Pleading--20 Flotow
"M'appari" from Martha--23, 24, 32 Giordano
"Un di all' azzurro spazio," from Andrea
Chcnier--32, 35 Gounod "Salut! Demeure, chaste et pure," from
Faust--21
"Salve dimora," from Faust--98, 17 "Lend Me Your Aid," from Queen of
Sheba--97, 10
"L'Amour," from Romeo and Juliet--00 Halevy
"When thou by Heaven's grace," from La Juive--35
Handel "Enjoy the Sweet Elysian Grove," from
Alceste--50
"Come, Beloved," from Atlanta--20 "No, O Dio," from Calphurnia--SO "Deeper and Deeper Still," and "Waft Her Angels Through the Skies," from Jephthah--16 "O Sleep, Why Dost Thou Leave Me"
from Semele--23 Haydn "In Native Worth," from The Creation--
96 Lalo
Aria from L'Roi d'Ys--23 Liszt
If I Were King--16 MacDowell
Thy Beaming Eyes--01 Massenet
"Voir Griselides," from Griselides--OS "Ah ! Fuyez douce image," from Manon
--21, 22, 46
"Le Reve," from Manon--47 "Ossian's Song," from Werther--24 Mendelssohn "Be Thou Faithful Unto Death,"
from St. Paul--97 Meyerbeer "0 Paradiso," from L'Afrkana--94, 18,
26, 32, 35, 47, SO Mozart
"A vous dirai-je, Maman" (Adam)--22 "Hier soil ich dich denn sehen," from Die Entjiihrung aus dem Serail--29 "O wie angstlich, O wie feurig," from Die Entfiihrung aus dem Serail--29 Paradies Quel ruscelletto--23
05
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
PON'CIIIELLI
"Cielo e mar," from La Gioconda--99, IS, 2i, 26, 54
PlXCIXI
''Che gclida manina," from La Boheme--
26, 46 "Rudolph's Narrative," from La Boheme
--15, 38 "E lucevan le stelle," from Tosca--15, 22,
38, 46, 47
"Ncssun dorma." from Turandot--54 Rachmaninoff
When Xight Descends--16 Rubinstein
Longings--01 Schubert
Farewell--16 Schumann
The Soldier--16 Tchaikovsky
"Where Are Ye Gone, O Days of Youth, O Joys of Love," from Eugene Onegin --01,'06 Verdi
"Celeste Aida," from Aida--14, 15, 24 "Tu! Indietro" from Otello--07
"La Donna e mobile," from Rigoletto--
SO
Wagner "In ferncm Land," from Lohengrin, Act
III, Scene I--O3, 49 "Am stillen Herd," from Die
Mcistersinger--98 "Prize Song," from Die Meistersinger--
95, 37
"Amfortas!," from Parsijal--37 "Only the Weapon Serves," from
Parsijal--SI
Prayer from Rienzi--49 "N'othung ! Nothung! Neidliches
Schwert," from Siegfried--37, 49 Rome Narrative, from Tannhduser--49 Siegmund's Love Song, from Die
Walkiire--96, 97, 14 Siegmund's Monologue, from Die
Walkiire--49 ' Wintersturme wichen dem
Wonnemond," from Die Walkiire--49 Walton
Troilus and Cressida (Excerpts)--62 Weber, von
Aria from Oberon--98
BARITONE-BASS
Bizet
"Toreador, en garde!," from Carmen-48
BOLDIEU
Aria from Jean de Paris--97 Borodin
Prince Galitzky's Aria from Prince Igor,
Act ItO Brahms
Feldeinsamkeit--04
O liebliche Wangen--05
Vier ernste Gesange, Op. 121--55 Chad wick
Ballade, "Young Lochinvar"--96, 00, 10 Cimarosa
"Le Ragazze che son," from Le Astuzie jemminUi--46
"Udite, tutti, udite." from Matrimonio
segreto--46 Copland
Five Old American Songs--55 Densmore
Roadways--21 Donizetti
"Udite, O rustici," from L'Elisir d'amore --43
96
Florida
Madrigal--07 Folk Song Negro
A City Called Heaven (Johnson)--55 Deep River (Burleigh)--55 Ride on, King Jesus (Johnson)--55 Scotch
Praise of Islay (Baromeo)--21 France
La Procession--65 Franz
Im Herbst--04 Gallone
Lungi--15 Giordano "Nemico della patria," from Andrea
Chenier, Act III--06, 14, 57 Gomez "Di sposo di padre le gioie serene,"
from Salvator Rosa--53 Halevy
"Si la rigeur," from La Juive--95, 39 Handel
"Arm, Arm, Ye Brave," from Judas Maccabaeus--41
REPERTOIRE
Recitative and Aria from The Rage of
the Tempest--21 "Thy Glorious Deeds Inspired My
Tongue," from Samson--55 Hiller
The Sentinel--97 Kaun
Daheim--OS Legrenzi
Che fiero costume--IS Leoncavallo Prologue from Pagliacci-96, 99, 10,
13, 48 "Zaza, Yo'i Wild Little Gypsy," from
Zaza--20 Marschner
"An jenem Tag," from Hans Heiling--OS Massenet "Vision fugitive," from Herodiade--99,
25, 30, 32 'O Promise of a Joy Divine," from Le
Roi de Lahore--04, 13, 20 "Alexandria," from Thais--15 Mendelssohn'
"Es ist genug," from Elijah--65 Meyerbeer "Adamastro, roi des vagues profondes,"
from L'Ajricaine--57 "Sei vendicata," from Dinorah--14
MOUSSORGSKY
Monologue and Hallucination Scene
from Boris Codunov--40, 47, 58, 62 Death Scene from Boris Godunov--
47, 62 Farewell Scene from Boris Godunov--47,
5S. 62
Clock Scene from Boris Godunov--58, 62 Coronation Scene from Boris Godunov--
58, 62 The Siege of Kazan from Boris Godunov
--43, 62 Mozart "Deh vieni alia finestra" from Don
Giovanni--57 "In diesen heiligen Hallen," from The
Magic Flute--04 "Papagena! Cara! Bella tortorella I"
from The Magic Flute--43 "Qui sdegno non s'accende," from The
Magic Flute--39, 45, 47 Non piu andrai." from The Marriage
of Figaro--06, 37, 39, 47 "La Vendetta," from The Marriage of
Figaro--43
"Se vuol ballare," from The Marriage of
Figaro---37, 39, 59 Mentre ti lascio, o figlia, K. S13--S3 Per questa bella mano--65 Peccia
Gloria a Te--01 Percolesi "Son imbrogliato," from La Serva
Padrona--46 Prokofieff "Lieutenant Kije" Orchestral Suite, Op.
60, with incidental bass solos--40 Ravel Song Cycle, "Don Quichotte a Dulcinee"
--50, 65 Rossini
"Figaro," from The Barber of Seville--10 "Largo al factotum," from The Barber
of Seville--48 "La Calumnia," from The Barber of
Seville--43, 45
Romanza from William Tell--23 Schubert
Der Neugierige--15 Schumann
Widmung--04 Spohr "Liebe ist die zarte Bluethe," from Faust
--00 Strauss
Caecilie--15 Tchaikovsky
Pilgrim's Song--59 Thomas
"Le Tambour major," from Lc Ca'id--07 "O Wine, Dispel the Heavy Sadness"--
20 Verdi
"Domiro sol nel mento mio regal," from
Don Carlos--45 "Ella giammai m'amo," from Don Carlos
--99, 53 "Farewell and Death of Roderigo,"
from Don Carlos--57 "Mondo ladro, mondo rubaldo," from
Falstaff--97, 01, 25, 29, 58 "Confutatis maledictis," from "Manzoni"
Requiem--33 "Eri tu che macciari," from The Masked
Ball--98, 10, 11, 13, 25, 29, 41, 57 Cassio's Dream, from Otello--40 Iago's "Credo," from Otello--14, 23, 30,
41, 48
"Cortigiani, vil razza dannata," from Rigoletto--48
07
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
"Pari siamo." from Rigolelto--48
"O tu Palermo," from Sicilian Vespers--
S3 "II laccrto spirito,'' from Simon
Boccanesra--i9, 45, 59, 65 "Di Provenza" from La Traviata, Act
11--32 Wacner Pogner's Address, from Die Meistersinger
--96, 97
"Blick ich umher," from Tannhauser--11 "O, du mein holder Abendstern," from
Tannhauser--58
?'Wotan's Farewell and Magic Fire Scene" from Die Walkiirc--94, 01, 07, IS
Weber, vox "I Fain Would Hide," from Euryanlhe--
00
Weingartner Hunnold Singruf and Schifferliedchen--
05 Wolf
Gcsang Weyla's--05
MISCELLANEOUS CHORUSES
Beethoven
The Heavens Proclaim--25 Bizet
Agnus Dei--23 Boiim
Calm Is the Night--25 Gounod
"Lovely Appear" from The Redemption --25
KUCKEN
Goodnight. Farewell--25
LOEFTLER
By the Rivers of Babylon--34 Luzzi
Ave Maria--23 Wagner
Spinning Chorus, from The Flying Dutchman--25
UNIVERSITY CHORAL UNION REPERTOIRE
Bach: Magnificat in D major--1930, 1950 Mass in B minor (excerpts)--1923
1924, 1925; 1953 (complete) Sleepers, Awake (Cantata 140)--1964 Beethoven: Missa Solemnis in D major,
Op. 123--1927, 1947, 1955 Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125--
1934, 1942, 1945, 1966 Berlioz: The Damnation of Faust--1895,
1909,1920,1952 Te Deum--1965
Bernstein: Chichester Psalms--1966 Bizet: Carmen--1904, 1918, 1927, 1938 Blocii: "America," An Epic Rhapsody--
1929
Sacred Service (Parts 1, 2, 3)--1958 Bossi: Paradise Lost--1916 Brahms: Requiem, Op. 45--1899
(excerpts); 1929, 1941, 1949, 1968 Alto Rhapsodic, Op. 53--1939 Sonp; of Destiny, Op. 54--1950 Song of Triumph, Op. 55--1953 Britten: Spring Symphony--1965 Brucii: Arminius--1897, 1905 Fair Ellen, Op. 24--1904, 1910 Odysseus--1910
Bruckner: Te Deum laudamus--1945 Carey: "America"--1915 Chabrier: Fete Polonaise from Le Roi
malgre ltd--1959
Chadwick: The Lily Nymph--1900 Chavez, Carlos: Corrido de "El Sol"--
1954J, 1960 Delius: Sea Drift--1924
Requiem--1966 Dvorak: Requiem Mass, Op. 89--1962
Stabat Mater, Op. 58--1906 Elgar: Caractacus--1903, 1914, 1936 The Dream of Gerontius, Op. 38--
1904, 1912, 1917 Finney. Ross Lee: "Still Are New Worlds"
--1963
"The Martyr's Elegy"--1967 Fogg: The Seasons--1937 Franck: The Beatitudes--1918 Gabrieli: In Ecclesiis benedicto domino--
1958
Giannini: Canticle of the Martyrs--1958 Gluck: Orpheus--1902 (excerpts)
Vorld premiere tAmerican premiere JUnited States premiere
Goldmark : The Queen of Sheba
(March)--1923 Gomer, Llywelyn: Gloria in Excelsis--
1949 Gounod: Faust--1902, 1908, 1919
Gallia--1899 Grainger, Percy: Marching Song of
Democracy--1928
Hadley: "Music," An Ode, Op. 75--1919 Handel: Judas Maccabeus--1911 Messiah--1907, 1914 Solomon--1959 Hanson, Howard: Songs from "Drum
Taps"--1935 Heroic Elegy--1927 The Lament for Beowulf--1926 Merry Mount--1933 Haydn-: The Creation--1908, 1932, 1963
The Seasons--1909, 1934 Hecer: Ein Friedenslied, Op. 19--1934t Holst: A Choral Fantasia--1932t A Dirge for Two Veterans--1923 The Hymn of Jesus--1923t First Choral Symphony (excerpts)--
1927t Honecger, Arthur: "King David"--1930,
1935, 1942, 1968
'Jeanne d'Arc au bucher"--1961 Kodaly: Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13--1939
Te Deum--1966 Lambert, Constant: Summer's Last Will
and Testament--1951t Lockwood, Normand: Prairie--1953 Marchetti, Filipino: Ave Maria--1896 McDonald, Harl: Symphony No. 3
("Lamentations of Fu Hsuan")--1939 Mendelssohn: Elijah--1901, 1921. 1926,
1944, 1954, 1961 5. Paul--1905 Menj.ec, Peter: Symphony No. 4, "The
Cycle"--1950 '
Moussorcsky: Boris Godunov--1931, 1935 Mozart: Great Mass in C minor. K. 427--
1948 Requiem Mass in D minor, K. 626--
1946
"Davidde penitente"--1956 Orff, Carl: Carmina Burana--1955 Parker: Hora Novissima. Op. 50--1900
CO
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Pierne: The Children's Crusade--1915
Saint Francis of Assisi--1928, 1931 Ponchielli: La Gioconda--1925 Poulexc: Secheresscs--1959
"Gloria"--1964 Prokofiev: Alexander Nevsky, Op. 78--
1946 Rachmaninoff: The Bells--1925, 1938,
1948
Respighi: La Primavera--1924t Rimski-Korsakov: The Legend of Kitesh
--1932t
Rossini: Stabat Mater--1897 Saint-Saens: Samson and Delilah--1896, 1S99, 1907, 1912, 1916, 1923, 1929, 1940, 1958
Schonberg: Gurre-Lieder--1956 Schuman, William: A Free Song (Cantata
No. 2)--1945
Sibelius: Onward Ye Peoples--1939 Smith, J. S.: Star Spangled Banner--1919,
1920 Stanley: Chorus Triumphalis, Op. 14--
1897, 1912, 1921 Fair Land of Freedom--1919 Hymn of Consecration--1918 "Laus Deo," Choral Ode--1913, 1943 A Psalm of Victory, Op. 8--1906 Stock: A Psalmodic Rhapsody--1922, 1943 Stravinsky: Symphonie des psaumes--
1932, 1960 "Persephone"--1964 Sullivan: The Golden Legend--1901 Tchaikovsky: Episodes from Eugen Onegin--191, 1941
100
Thompson, Randall: Alleluia--1941 Vardell, Charles: Cantata, "The Inimita?ble Lovers"--1940 Yaughax Williams:Five Tudor
Portraits--1957 "Flos Campi"--1959 Dona nobis pacem--1962 Verdi: Aida--1903, 1906, 1917, 1921, 1924
(excerpts), 1928, 1937, 1957 La Forza del Destino (Finale, Act II)
--1924 Otello--1939 Requiem Mass--1894, 1898, 1913, 1920,
1930, 1936, 1943, 1951, 1960, 1967 Stabat Mater--1899 Te Deum--1947, 1963 Villa-Lobos, Heitor: Choros No. 10,
"Rasga o coracao"--1949, 1960 Vivaldi: Magnificat--1967 Vivaldi-Casella: Gloria--1954 Wagner: Die fliegende Hollander--1918 Lohengrin--1926; Act. 1--1896, 1913 Die Meistersinger, Finale to Act III-1903, 1913; Choral. "Awake," and Chorale Finale to Act III--1923 Scenes from Parsifal--1937 Tannhduser--1902, 1922; March and Chorus--1895; "Venusberg" Music-1946 Walton, William: Belshazzar's Feast--
1933, 1952
Wolf-Ferrari: The New Life, Op. 9-1910, 1915, 1922, 1929
FESTIVAL YOUTH CHORUS
Abt: Evening Bells--1922 Anonymous: Birds in the Grove--1921 Arne: Ariel's Song--1920
The Lass with the Delicate Air--1937 Barratt: Philomel with Melody--1924 Beethoven: A Prayer--1923 Beglarian, Grant (orchestrator): Hun?garian Folk Songs--1958 Benedict: Sweet Repose Is Reigning Now
--1921
Benoit: Into the World--1914, 1918 Boyd, Jean: The Hunting of the Snark--
1929
Brahms: The Little Dust Man--1933 Lullaby--1931 Eleven Songs--1954
Britten, Benjamin: Suite of Songs--1953 Bruch: April Folk--1922 Busch: The Song of Spring--1922 Caracciolo: Nearest and Dearest--1923
A Streamlet Full of Flowers--1923 Careys: "America"--1913, 1917, 1918, 1920 Chopin: The Maiden's Wish--1931 Coleridge-Taylor: Viking Song--1924 DeLamarter, Eric (orchestrator): Songs
of the Americas--1944, 1948 English, Granville: Cantata, "The Ugly
Duckling"--1934 Farwell: Morning--1924 FLETcnER: The Walrus and the Carpenter
--1913, 1917, 1926, 1942, 1950, 1957 Folk Songs--Hungarian--1958 Italian: The Blackbirds, Sleep Little
Child--1921
Scotch: "Caller Herrin"--1920 Welsh: Dear Harp of My Country--1920 Zuni Indian: The Sun Worshippers--
1924 Gaul: Cantata, "Old Johnny Appleseed"--
1931
Cantata, "Spring Rapture"--1933, 1937 Gillett: Songs--1941 Gounod: "Waltz Song" from Fatut--1924 Grainger, Percy: Country Gardens--1933 Gretchaninoff: The Snow Drop--1938 Handel: "He Shall Feed His Flock," from
Messiah--1929 Howiand, Russell (orchestrator): Song
Cycle from the Masters--1947, 1952 Humperdinck: Selection from Hansel and
Gretel--1923 Hyde: Cantata, "The Quest of the Queer
Prince"--1928
World premiere
d'Indy: Saint Mary Magdalene--1941 James, Dorothy: Cantata, "Jumblies"--
1935
Cantata, "Paul Bunyan"--1938 American Folk Songs (orchestration)--
1946, 1951
Lieder Cycle (orchestration)--1949 Songs by Robert Schumann (orchestra?tion)--1956
Kelly: Suite, "Alice in Wonderland"--1925 Kjerulfs: Barcarolle--1920 Madsen: Shepherd on the Hills--1920,
1922 McArtor, Marion (orchestrator): Songs--
1940
Folk Song Fantasy--1943 Suite of Songs (Britten)--1953 Viennese Folk and Art Songs--1955 Mendelssohn: On Wings of Song--1934
Spring Song--1924 Mohr-Gruber: Christmas Hymn, "Silent
Night"--1916 Moore, E. V.: "The Voyage of Arion"--
1921, 1927 Morley: It Was a Lover and His Lass--
1921, 1938
Now Is the Month of Maying--1935 Mozart: Cradle Song--1930
The Minuet--1922 Myrberc: Fisherman's Prayer--1922 Pierne: The Children at Bethlehem--1916,
1936
The Children's Crusade--1915 Saint Francis of Assisi--1928, 1931 Planquette: Invitation of the Bells from
Chimes of Normandy--1924 Protheroe: Cantata, "The Spider and the
Fly"--1932 Purceix: In the Delightful Pleasant
Grove--1938
Recer: The Virgin's Slumber Song--1938 Reinecke. Carl: "In Life If Love We
Know Not"--1921 O Beautiful Violet--1924 Rowley-James: Cantata, Fun of the Fair
--1945 Rubinstein: Thou'rt Like Unto a Flower
--1931
Wanderer's Night Song--1923 Sadero: Fa la nana bambin--1935 Schubert: Cradle Song--1924, 1939 Hark, Hark the Lark--1930
101
MAY FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Hedge Roses--1934, 1939
Linden Tree--1923, 1935
Serenade in D minor--1939
The Trout--1937
Whither--1939
Who Is Sylvia--1920 Schumann, Georc: Good Night, Pretty
Stars--1924 Schumann, Robert: Lotus Flower--1930
Spring's Messenger--1929
The Nut Tree--1939
Songs--1956 Scott: The Lullaby--1937
102
Strauss, Johann: Blue Danube Waltz--
1934 Strong: Cantata, A Symphony of Song
--1930
Sullivan: Selection from Operas--1932 Thomas: Night Hymn at Sea--1924 Tosti: Serenade--1933 Van der Stucken: At the Window--1920 Wagner: "Whirl and Twirl" from The
Flying Dutchman--1924 Waiilstedt: Gay Liesel--1922 Weber: "Prayer" from Der Frehchiitz--
1920 The Voice of Evening--1924
UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
International Presentations for the 1968-69 Season
SUMMER CONCERT SERIES--1968
Alicia de Larrocha, Pianist ........................Thursday, June 27
Vladimir Ashkenazy, Pianist ......................Wednesday, July 10
David Bar-Illan, Pianist ..........................Tuesday, July 16
Jorge Bolet, Pianist ................................Monday, July 22
CHORAL UNION SERIES
Chicago Symphony Orchestra ..................Saturday, October 5
Istvan Kertesz, Conductor
Gary Graffman, Pianist ..........................Monday, October 14
Bavarian Orchestra of Munich .................Saturday, October 26
Rafael Kubelik, Conductor
Birgit Nilsson, Soprano ......................Thursday, November 14
Yehudi Menuhin, Violinist, and
Hephzibah Menuhin, Pianist .........(2:30) Sunday, November 24
Gregg Smith Singers ......................(2:30) Sunday, January 12
Hague Philharmonic ..............................Friday, January 24
Willem Van Otterloo, Conductor
"Carmen" (Goldovsky Opera Company) ..(8:00) Saturday, February 15
Rudolf Serkin, Pianist ..........................Wednesday, March S
Moscow State Symphony .........................Thursday, March 13
EVGENI SVETLANOV, Conductor
DANCE SERIES
National Ballet (from Washington, D.C.) ..........Friday, October 11
Romanian Folk Ballet .........................Thursday, October 24
Mazowsze Dance Company (from Poland) ........Monday, November 18
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre ..........Saturday, February 8
Ballet Folklorico of Mexico ................Wednesday, February 26
CHAMBER ARTS SERIES
Madrigalisti di Venezia ..........................Sunday, October 20
Melos Ensemble (from London) ................Thursday, November 7
Janet Baker, English Mezzo-soprano ................Sunday, January S
Music From Marlboro ........................Saturday, February 1
Israel Chamber Orchestra ......................Monday, February 10
Cologne Chamber Orchestra ..................Saturday, February 22
Orchestra Michelangelo di Firenze ................Sunday, March 23
ANN ARBOR MAY FESTIVAL--1969 April 24, 25, 26, 27--5 Concerts, Thursday through Sunday
The Philadelphia Orchestra, Eugene Ormandy, Conductor; Thor Johnson, Guest Conductor, and soloists.
103
UNIVERSITY MUSICAL SOCIETY
1879