From The War

A letler Erom General Scott'a army says : " The rirmy proper cannot be racruited lo its full compliment; and theday of volunteeiing is rapidlv coming to an end; t is no longer considere a fine summer's frolic through n girden of Eden, with gold and sil ver images all along the road, and the golden "llalla of Montezuma" in the distance: it has come down to sober reaüties - to rough roads and narrow defiles; ihe knife and the lasso, bacon and corn bread: pebble stonesor drifting sandi for a bed, and the sky for o roof, with hard knocks, and and plenty of lliem." Anolher Letter speaks of ihe movement of ihe Army towards the city of Mexico, lluis: '■ I dreod the resultto our army ofan advanceon thecapiial,even notwithstandng the recent viclory. [ do not mean as to any actual open roaislan.ee; for in all fighting weshall drive then} befuie us: but the certain effect of the constant wear and tear, from disease, bnttle, guerrillas, hardsliips, and exposure, which the army has to encouníer; so that, if Santa Anna knew the best policy.it would be to let us advnr.ee without opposition, to and inlo the capital, and lrt the army waste away there, as ihe besi-iufnmed men say it would do, like a ball of snow in July, whilst the Mexicana confined their operations to cutling ofTor harrassing convoys, curtailing our supplies. picking up siragglers, and obliged us to keep compact and in large bodies, without the ability to send out even a foraging party. When in the city of Mexico, we could not keep open the Communications with Vera Cruz, or receive supplies or reinforcements, except by large detar.hments which could fight their way; and if posts are garrisoned al intervals on the route, they must all be with n force that can resist a heavy attaek, or they would be carried in detail. In the march that Gen. Scott has now onderfaken, he must go in close and compact columns, as the Mexican cavalry will hover round them like Cossacks, driving in their foraging parties and smal) de!achments,and wasting their streng:]) anc' resources by tliis petty warfare. At present, bowever, it is, [ believe, understood that he will not go beyond Jalapa." Another Letier from New Orleans gives the fellowing information of the proposed movement by Gen. Ta yi.or's command across the desert to San Luis Potosi: '■General Tavlor is deiermined (tho' opposed to tho plan) to ndvanre from bis present position. Two thousand ironbound 18-gal!on kegsnre now making for him here, and many of them have gne forward, intended for carrying water across the desert between San Luis and Saltillo: a mulé, with a pack-saddle. will carry two of them, oneslung on each sido. A thousand horses nre nlso beins bought for him, with other large supplie?. Bur, the expense! VVhew!" Another letter snys: "Our loss in battle,however,is nothing in comparison to our loss by disease and by the system of guerilla war, of ihe extent of neither of which have the people of the Uni ed States the least idea. - OfTicers from Saltillo say that on the w hol e route, including all our detachments on the Rio Grande, the losses bv individual murders are enormous. Eveiy stragglur and way-traveller perishes; and there is no safety in venturing from the posts even a short distance. Hundreds have already perished in this way; n)any never heard of who have starled in smalljtparties to go from one point to another. Disease has been stiil more severe in its operation. The Mississippi regiment buried 135 of its number before they left the banksofthe Rio Grande. - Other regiments suifered equallv ; and hundreds have been re-landed herewhose appearance was most piteous - with ruined constitutions, and looking like walking ghosts." Rev. R. O'Reilly, one of the Roman CalhoKc chaplains appointed by Mr. Polk, w riles to the N. Y. Freeman's Journal, - " The war now being waged is far more dissastrous to us than is generally supposed in the United States. We are always victorious, and lose much Icss men in nction than the Mexicans ; but then climate comes lo their aid, and culs doicn more of our men than their oss on the battle field. W ere the nurnber of our men forever disabled by the service, with the deaths in every form which have thinned our ranks since the commencment of the campaign, accurate!y presented, our loss considering the smallness of our army, would appcar greal, almosl without a parallel. "There is now, it appears to me, no end to be gained by the further prolongation ol the war. A victorious and powerful nation wtll not escape imputation of folly nr.d great error in oction, if, to punish a weak and harassed enemy, il injltcts infinitelygreater injury on itself. If we entered it for the purpnse of compelling the payment of indebtedness long witheid, we are, if we still continue it, in a fair way of compelling Mexico,long since bankrupt, to the benefit ofthe solvent net. If, for the recognition of the Rio GranJe as our boundary, we have but to recross thal noble river ; my word for it, Mexico will nerer dispute our litle. lo that contemptibh slrip of lerrilory. Iftlie wit i to be continuad until Mexico intlemnifies for actual expense, whicli isnot, l would hope, the national resolve, we would be acting somewhat the pari, but willi greater inhumanity, oflhe creditor who insisls on '.he ncarceralion ofan insolvent debtor until he liquidaios tl e debt and also the expense of the incarceration. If the npproprinlion of Mexican teiritory be ntencied ns a compensation,[ doubt much whether t!ie result will justify the poücy or the wisdom of tiie act. This climate and country is suited to the Mexicans, but so litttle to us that the part taken will ultimately be a burden rather tlian a benefit." Mr. Black, the late Consul at Mexico, hasarrived at New Orleans. He says G. M. Clay, Borland ond Gaines ara ttill in confinement. Tbere are now eight American papers published regularly in Mexico, viz: - the 'Flog,' at Matamoras; the 'Sentinel,' at Tampico; the 'Pioneer,' at Monterey, in New Leor; the 'Eagle,' ('Eng.) and 'Chronicle,' fSpan.,) at Vera 'American Star,' at Jalapa; the 'California,' nt Monterey, California, and a Mormon paper at Zerba Buena. "t)f the whole nuinber, two are in tlie Department of Tamaulipns, ono in that of New Leon, three in that of Vera Cruz, and two in California. Another will soon be wanted in Puebla, another in San Luis Potosí, and Iwoin tlie city of Mexico. The Picayune conlains an order of Canales relative to the recent rrmssnere ofMexicnnsby our troops, in which retaliation is recommended without distinction of age or sex. The valley at the Rio Grande is under martial law, and every one cnpable of hearing arras is cal'ed upon to rally under penalty of a traitor's death. This does not excludc even the clergy. Congres had returned to the government the British offer of rnediation, which was equivalent toa rejection. In a nrociamation at Jalapa, Gen. Salas says: " I have obtained permission to raiso a gucrilla corps, wilh which to attnek and destroy the invnders in every manner imaginable. The conduct of tha enemy, contrary both to hum mity and natural righN, nuihorizes u.s to pursue bfm without pi ty [misericordia.] "War without pity and death!" will be the motto of the gueriüa warfare of vengeanco ; theiefore, I invite all my follow citiz3ns, especially my brave subordínales, t unite at general beadqoarlerg, t enroll themselvcs, from 0 uniil '.) in the afternoon, so that it may be organized in tho present wkpk." In Vera Cri z evei ything is going on smoothly. Tha business of tlie city is increasiog in o. wonderful degre?. The waters are covered with rnerchant vessels. Yankee hotels, Yankee auctiun houses, Yankee circus companies, and Yankee ice-house-, are starting up here at every turn of the cornor. Santa Anna is sa d tj have assembled M Orizaba 200Ö infant.-y and 2000 cavnlry: rfcruits willjoin him from Oajaca, with which his furce will amount to 7000 men. He has also received 21 pieces of artillery from Alverado; with these means he may annoy the rear of General Scott on hismarch upon Mexico, where he will be met by six thousand mea belonging to the National Guard. More thnn 3000 of these troops the state of Mexico will send from Taluca, and 4000 will come from San Luis, witli 10 pieces of cannon. A savage system of attack is about to be commenced upon all straggling parties ol' Americans from our places of occupation. The highest penalties will be imposed upon all military commanders whoshall refuse to carry out Canales orders. Taylorwas not to move from San Luis, on account of the expiration of the term of service of large numbers of hisvolunteer troops. The Courier des Etats Unis of tlns morning has a letter frotn the city of Mexico of April 12th. From wbich it appearsthat the Mexicnns had decided to ereel the first line ofdefences in the gorges of the mountains 10 leagues from the city; and a second at Guadaloupe, and Pend Viego, Oíd Rock, 3 leagues from the city on the rou'.e to Vera Cruz. We h ave Tampico datestothe 6th, but thcre is no news of importance. We have also Vera Cruz dates to the 6th. There is a good deal of sickness in aimy and it is constantly incaeasing. , j The "'ative Americans held a Nationa Convention at Pittsburg last week which was attended by about Uiteen or twerity delégales. After two days' deliberation, and the ndoption of a resolution not to support the nominees of any other party, the convenlion ndjourned to meet in Philndelphiaon the lOih of next September to noninate candidates for President and