The Mont Cenis Tunnel

Tbc opening of the Munt Cenis tunnel whii'h is ;iuiioim:r(l by tin; cable, is om of tlie groatest, perhapü the greatest engineering fpatof the ago, unless the 3uez (!:ni!i.l niiiy diapate the palm with.it in tliis respect. Trains are now running front) ltuly into Franee, by this tunnel, over and tbrough the Alps. lts construction was work of great difficulty, bcriiiug about eight miles in leiigth, and at Buch a dtopth bcneath the gurtttcfl as to i'ender shsfts impracticable. It could thorofore bc worked from each end only, and seriotis dilliculties were eneountered to ventilating as well as expediting the opcriition, wliich, at the usual rate of excavation, would liave Oooupied at least forty veáis. A now niothod of vntilating and driving, howOTer, w is applied, by which the tunnel was extended at a comparalivcly rapid rate. Tlie uuoeption of this extraordin:ry finterpri!o is said to have been due to Counts R itazzi and Cavour, and Italian capital and skill havo been i!irp;ily embarked in it. The highest point of fchfl old ïoad made iiy the French in 1810 is O,77'! f('t above ;he si;a - botween Savoy and l'iedmont. [Jut this was a wagon road, and now the ocomotive go:;s throvigh more ditficult .Kisses. The Ijnt Couis suminit rai'wny, which is upon a portion of the rotd bnd of the Mont Cenis pass, was in ilsi.lf a privat railway achievement. This railway was ubout . forty -niins miles in length, and xr the purpose of increHsing adhesión, witlmut. nioruasing wiiglit of engiue, a 'orm of center rail was introduced, and thu ungine had, in adlition to the ordiïarv ]erpendicular wheols, four horizonal whools, two on each side, which were made to rotate along the side of the een ■ ter rail by the samo stem from the cylinlej1 that operuted upon the perpendicular wheels. With the steam acting only upon hi' horizontal, the. engine ascended an inclino of one in twelve, equal to four huulred in the inile, drawing scven tons, and with steam appliod to all the whecls, Lrawing twenty-foiw tons. U i int Cenis is a reuarkable niountain, ooth iu itself and historically. It is mi lcvitl(d plateau 6,773 feet above the soa evel, with a pi;ak rising to the height of 11,1" I ti'ct. lt was ovor this pass th at 'i .m Led the Frencli army in 77Ö, ag.iinst tho Kiiig of the Lombarda, in uid of Pope Stephen III. Noarly oue thpjosand years ate r C'atinot, Mt rabal of France, crossed t with bis Íbices in the win of Louis XIV., and somovhat improved the pass, houph it was still of ditlicult, transit, and mly lor mules. ín oidor to facilítate the ntercourso aoroas the Alps, Napoleon orered a road to bo laid out and oonstrootd, eighteen feet wide, for a distanco of hirty miles. But this aehiovemont of íapoleon, and his military ros.sing of be Alps, as well as that of Ilannibal, are ar surpassod in difficulty and benefit to ninkind by tlie peaceful railroad triiiiphs whioh hiive rcMnhed their consumlíttion in tho couipltion of tlu; Mont C'onis tunnel. A. J. Binser, colored, L'cut. Govcrnor of South Carolina, and Cbairmaii oftue Bepublioan State Executive Committec, has published a letter in the Ketcs strongly opposing th i proposod declaratioa of martiu.1 law. He thinks the civil power !iiuily sulKi-ii'iit. to p"]mB;the exuting disorder, and that military luw as a remcdy would be rae th m tho disoasa