Farm, Garden And Household

Natfonal Live Stock Journal. We are asked the value of buttermilk for swine and calves, and why it is not considered as safe to feed without any additional food, as skimmed milk. Buttermilk, if in good condition, has a value very similar to skimmed milk. It is slightly ricber in fat, liavingl pereent, and slightly lesalbuminous matter. It is bgnred at 22 cents per 100 pounds. It wal produce :i rapid growth on calves or pigs. if it does not derange the stomach. But buttermilk is apt to be in a strong condition of fermenlation. This ven soon produces a bad form of scours. which, unless taken quiekly, may end fatally. It is hardly safe to feed Ijhitermilk without rnixing ont'-half pound of linished middlinga (what farmers cali canel) per gallon of buttermilk. If it is quite sour it should be boilod with the middlings. The heat will neutralize the acidity, but it will not be as valuable as before tVrnientalion has eaten up some of the food clement?. We often reeonimend keeping a littlo flax seed on hand for use in checking scours, and it will be most useful here. Boil one quart of Qax seed in six quarts of water. This will become like jelly. Stir a little of this boiled flax seed into the ration of each ealf, or into that for severa! calves or pigs. The emollient eflect of this is very soothing to the stomach. Feeders should not consider a few bushels of tlax seed as adding to expenses, for it is worth all it costs, fed in smal! quautities. as promoting a rapid growth. We always use tliis ïnstead of linseed oil, for there is (langer of getting impure oil, but the seed car. be relied upon. 'iiiint.v Fair. Rnclnc Apriculturlst. Complaints are loudly made in many directions, that the county and state fair have gone to seed and are no longer as fruitful, productiveor respecta ble as formerly. It is diflicult to makè them pay expenses, hard to get tuiniers to exhibit, and evenimplement and stoek men and other advertisers complain that the fairs do not pay as formerly. Visitors come to sec the races, and only on race days, and pay ven little uitention to other exhibitinus. The county, district and state fairs are a most tnighty agency for good, and should bc utilized to the fullest extent. Any dangera or mistakes should be promptly stndled and guarded against. It would be a very great national calamity to have the fairs destroyed, and it is a very great public benefit to have them produced and made more and more successful and iulluentiitl. The fair is a grand festival, triumph and holiday of toil. It is the raeehanie's and farmer's day of recreation, rivalry and progresa. It enables each to fchow what be lias done, to sec what others are doiug, to report progresa, compare results, and prepare for future ftdvances. The man who toils alone feels the constant need of the fellowship and stimulus of other toilers. And if once a year the scatlered workers get tof ether and show resolta and compare eaigns and plan for future industrial ucliicvements, all are. stinmlated, enoouraged, instruoted and helped. Now is the time tu aak the question, "How ean the next fair be preaerved froiu all dangers and injuries, and made most enicient, successful and oscfulr" One thing is certain, that if the industrial classes who own the fair do not manage it, the lazy classes who wish to pluck the workers will take thü control and uso it for themselves. Proflt ol' liee Keeping. Ru'ftl Nw Yorkcr. We often hear that only specialists should keep bees; that bee-keeping is no business for a farmer or any other person with any other business. Mr. E. J. Cook, Owasso, Michigan, is one of the best farmers in the state. His crops are always among the best in the county where he lives. A few years ago he purchased a few colonies of bees, more to interest his boys than to make money. He winters them in a cellar, and has never lost any. In 1883 his colonies reached lifty. ' Last year sixty. In 1883 his profits from his bees exceeded by a considerablo sum those from his farm. Last year the excess was even greater. Èilher of the boys- one 16, the olher 14 - is able to manage the bees; the apiary has been a source of most valuable thought and study to all; and tho constant profits have been a source of no small satisfaction. Mr. Cook and his boys have spa.red no pains to secure instruction, and never vefuse needed attention to the bees. They say they had better neglect the farm. Seab. A Kewanee, 111., correspondent describes scab in his floek. When sheep are attaeked with icab thev Bral ifest unoasinrss. nul when that is obscrvod there oughl to be immediate at(cntion given (o the Hoek. As the discao progresset the animal? begin to rub and seraieh, and wfl] be found biting themselves. As soon asthey do this, ;utt'iition and remedies should be directed toward the pl&cos that aro bitten. The skin thenwill befoiind to be white at lirsi and somewhat thickened, and covered witb a joellowexudation. Later the wool falls off, and these places will bepovored with gcabs, The treatment is prineipally local, foi the cause of the disease is a parasite, the destruction of whicb is io be aimed at. )t' oourse the food should be gencrous, and the digestión kept in tho Besl possible order. In toe propei geason there is nothing betteror cheap■er than a dip made pi tobáceo, oil oi tav, soda ash, soft soap and water. Foi Bfty sheep tlio following woulcl be the right aaantit] and t h' proper proportion of ingrediente: Sixteen ponnds of tobáceo, tb ree pinta of oil of tar, twenti ponnds of soda ash, four loumis of soft soap, tifly gallonj of water. The Ingrediente are dissolved in x few gallons of water; or rat her the tobáceo is bolled and the other ingredients dissolved in a few gallonsol water. Then unough water is added to make the lifty gallons, keeping the whole at a temperature of lifty degrees Falirenhe.it. F.aeli sheep is ke])t in this bath fot abont three minutes, altendenis lieinic engaged in bresking ap the soabs and working the liquid iuto all parta of the skin. At this season of the year, however, there is perhaps nothing botter tlian une part of oil of tar, and forty parts of lard. Sulphur may be added, if desired, This should be thoroughly worked in thronh what wool remains on the sheep. Whére tne wool is oft'it will of course not be difficult to apply. Another thing miisl lic done, and tha! is to dress everything with which the sluip have come in contact with a stroug solution of caiistic potassa. It would be better, too, if tliey could be entirely changed from their present yards. If the Bheep begin to run clown rapidlj we would adviso giving each a half tablespoonful, nightand morning, of the following: Chareoal. gentian, ginger, mayapple root. saltpeter - a quarter of ft pönnd each, and carbonate of iron au eighth of a pound. Havo all these powdored and mixed. MraHliliiK Bulter. LoikIoh Proisloncr. The ouly time that all the buttermilk and what it eontains eau be separated froni the butler and removed without rèqniring to knead or overwork the blitter, is while the bui ter is yet in a griaulated form. If the ing be so lar advanccu tnat tiic butter will bc gatpéred in i large lump, it will have all through the lump moro or lesa buttermilk, in which buttermilk therc will oi course be membraneous or gaseous or otlier solid matter. .Not only will the grain of the butler be injured by the kneading required to remove tliis buttermilk, but t lio kneading will remove little èlse than the liquid of the buttermilk, leaving much of its solid matter incorporal eil with the butter. The kneading of the buttrrtends only to presa and solidify all the solid matter of the mass, squeezing oul onlv liquid. Moreover, when the buttermilk is gathered into a lump of butler, ariy taiüt or impurity n the buttermilk, by closer, longer, even permanent contact with the butter materially injttres the qualitv oí the butter. lf, on the othcr hand, the buttermilk and all it eontains bo drawn away before the butter lias ad vaneed beyond the grannlated form, a moro perfect result is secured. By washing the butter at a lów température with water and briné, the buttermilk and all it conlains may be removed froin it, and before any taint or impurity bas been given to the butter, and the grain be saved froni the kneading thal otherwise would be necessary. In this proeess butler will be laken out comparatively little affected by defects or taint in cream. Cream raay be ad vaneed moie or lesa toward a bitter laste or decay, and the butter, beeause being enclosed in and protected by its pcllicle, not vet affected. It is beeause of this proteclion thal sweet hutter may be made trom sour cream. Sourness is au adráncement toward decay. It isequally Inie tliat the cream may be more or les.s bitter and the butter hidden away in it be vet sweet. When churnod, the sourness or bitter is in the buttermilk, and t lic butter is yet pure. The bui ermilk adds its sour or bitter taste to f.he butter according to the quantity and time if its presence with the botter. The obvious remedy is the quickést and most complete separation possible. What a Deed on t j . Judge Bennett, of MassachuseUs, before the state board of agricultura, said, in substance, thal a deed coaveys tlie fence standing on Ihe farm, the fencing stuff, posts, rails, etc, : which had once been used in the fence, but had been laken down and pilel up (or future use again in tlie same place. Bul new fence material, just bought i and never attaehed to the soil. will not pass. Standing trees pass as a part of the land: 80 do trees blowu 01 cut down and still left in the woods where they feil, but not if cut and corded up for sale; the wood has then become personal property. Manure i in the barnvard, or in a compact beap . ready for immediate use, the buyer ordinarily takes as belonging to the farm; though it might not be so if the owner had previously sold it to gome Other party and had collected it in a heap by itself. Growing crops pass by the deed of a farm. unless they are expressly reserved, and when it is intended to reserve those it ghould bc so stated in the deed itself; a mere oral agreement would not be valid in law. Another mode is to stipulate that possession is not tobe given unlil some future ilay, in whieh case the crops or nianure may be removed before that time. As lo the buildings on the farm, though generally mentioned in the deed. il i.s not ahsolutely neeessary that they should be. A deed of lanil ordinarily carries all the buildings on il. belonging to tlie grantor, whether I mentioned or not; and this rule in-, ! eludes the lumbar and timber of any old building which has been taken or blown down and been paeked away for future use on the farm. But if there be any buildings on the farm built by some third person', with the I f armer 8 leave, the deed would not convoy these, since the buildings are personal property, and do notbelong to the laiid-owner loeoincy. The real owners thereof niighi more them off, allhough the purchascr of the farm supposed he was buying and paying for all the buildings on it, llis only remedy in such a case would bo againstthe party selling the premisas. As a part of tïie buildings conveyed. the window-blinds are included, even if they be at the time taken oft" and earried to tlie painter's shop to be painted. It would beotherwise ifthey had been newly purehased and brought into the house but notyét attaehed or fitted to it. lig'alning-rods go with the house. A [urnace in the cellar, brick or portable, is considered a pari of the house, bui an ordinary stove with a loóse pipe running into Ihe chimney is not, while a range set in briekwork is. Mantcl-pieces so attaehed to the chimney as not to be removed without marring the plastering go with tlie house, bul if merely resting on blackets they may be taken awai Pumps, sinks, etc, fastened to the building are a pari of it In law. and so ure the water-pipes conneeted therewith bringing water Ifom a distftnt spring. H Ihe farmer had iroii kettles set in brick-work mar hls barn for cooking fooil for liis stock, or similar uses, the deed of hi.s farm covers them, as likewise the boll attached to his barn local] liis men to dinner. If he indulges in any ornamental statues, vasos, etc., resting od the gronnds by their own weight, and solls his estafe without reservation, these things go with the land. Farm Voten. Do not allow the poultry to stand aroiind in the snow. but give il a dry place to run onder n the day time. It is s:üil nuil wcll proved, that the more quiet sneep are kepl the more quickly thev will fatten. The wool trade of St. Louis aggregated aboul L'2,500,000 pounds in 1884, agalnst ltf.,868,729 pounds in 1883. Allfctlegood feed, mixed wit'j a-good deal of thonghtf nl attention, is what ninkcs the Hoek do it s best. The flock can be made lo average. from eight to ten pounda of merehantable wool per head, and not be called greasy either. Y would gay in answer to a correspondent who asked in regard to "oraoktïngs"asfood for poultry that they will answer an excellent purpose in Bupplying animal food. A correspoiTdenl asks what breed of fowls will lay the most The White Leghoraa will probamy give as good satisfaotion as any to b beginner. A correspondent asks if croeks are good to keep butter in. N'. anless they are so eoated that the acid and fat of the liuiter will not eat through, otherwise they will absor bbth the odor and flavor of the butter. Low, flat lande are unfcroütable for sheep; but high, dry hill lands. which in niany oases do not pay for cultivation, are the "golden lioofs" home. To stipply the demand for milk and lts produets in this country 15,000,000 cows are roquirsd. To furnish fooil for them the cultivation of over 60,000,000 acres of land is required. Seek by every avenue at hand to improve the ilock, be it composed of long wools or line. There is nothing but what can be ímproved - no flock, however good, btit what can be made better. Are the sheep stables cleaned out at least once a morithP If a great bulk of manure is allowed to colleet beneath the sheep it will give off ammonia, which will injuro the Hoek. ' Fifty wethers should have onehalf bushei shellcd corn per day, and the amount should be inereased gradually until about the lirst of February it should reach one bushei, is the advice of the National Stockman. To the correspondent who inquired for description of Black .lavas we would say, their plumage is of a black or dark auburn color; legs large and thick, single comb and wattles. They are a haruy breed and quite proliñe layers. C. J. Ward recommends as a preventive of chicken cholera that coal oil should begiven three or tour times a week by soaking a feed of corn or wheat in the oil a few hours and then feeding, or mix in soft seed one tablespoonful of oil to two quarts of corn meal. It is very important that the Hoek be earefully sorted, and the weak sheep not allowed to run with the stronger ones. Sheep of the different ages and conditions should be sorted into sepárate Hoeks, n il the weaker ones have a little extra feed. Dealers in butter in New York, where they have a law squarely prohibiting the sale of oleomargarine and other itnifcilion butter, state that the honest enforcement of the law is having the effect of increasing the deinand for germine dairy butter. This good news ought to encourage our legislators to action for the protection of our dairy interests. Lack of water will make the fowls li-ht, however liberally they may be fed. In an experiment where gome fowls were killed twelve liours aftel feeding, but without wator, the I gestcd corn was found nearly whole ! in their crops. Whero they had ! cess to water the crops were empty, showing that digestión had been rapid. In growing the grape from seed, the latter is sown in the spring. Take a shallow box, fill half full of ricli earth, and over this an inch of clear sand. In the sand sow the seed, covering oneeighth to one-fourth of an inch deep. Cover with glass and keep watered sufliciently to keep sand from drying out. Crosses are produced by keei)ing ; the sort.s near together. We have a liftcen acre apple orchard sixteen yeaw old, s&ys Mr. Purdy, in the Recorder, that we are trimming i out thoroughly this winter, and expect ' to plant it all out in to red raspberries next spring, liuding they succeed very ! well in a partial simde. Of course we shall feed the plante and trees by putting a good shovelful of compost around each hill every winter. DiarrlyBa in fowls is usually caused by liver disorder. An exehange i ommends the following treatment: j Give a teaspoonful of raw Unseed oil; repeat it the socond day aft er: then give one scruplo each of powdered Peruvian bark and l.vposuiphito of soda made intopills witïicommon soap and drop these down the bird's tluoat dailv for three or f our days. Give oatnieal boiled in milk and made thick for food until the fowls recover and got strong again. Keep the fowls warm and clean.